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推荐:Java网络编程汇总
服务器
服务器的socket程序有以下几个任务:
Java网络编程-Socket简介
服务器socket程序:
package socket; import java.io.*; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { final String QUIT = "QUIT"; final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8888; ServerSocket serverSocket = null; try { // 绑定监听端口 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(DEFAULT_PORT); System.out.println("启动服务器,监听端口"+DEFAULT_PORT); while(true){ //等待客户端连接 Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]已连接"); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())); String msg = null; //读取客户端发送的消息,并且进行回复 while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null){ System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]:"+msg); //回复客户端 writer.write("服务器:已收到-"+msg+"\n"); writer.flush(); // 查看客户端是否退出 if(QUIT.equalsIgnoreCase(msg)){ System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]已退出"); break; } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(serverSocket != null){ try { serverSocket.close(); System.out.println("关闭serverSocket"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
创建socket、绑定端口、监听端口
创建ServerSocket、绑定端口、监听端口其实在我们的程序中,一行语句就实现了。
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(DEFAULT_PORT);
按住CTRL,进入该构造器。
源码如下:
public ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException {
this(port, 50, null);
}
进入再次调用的构造器。
源码如下:
public ServerSocket(int port, int backlog, InetAddress bindAddr) throws IOException { setImpl(); if (port < 0 || port > 0xFFFF) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Port value out of range: " + port); if (backlog < 1) backlog = 50; try { bind(new InetSocketAddress(bindAddr, port), backlog); } catch(SecurityException e) { close(); throw e; } catch(IOException e) { close(); throw e; } }
进入bind方法
。
源码如下:
public void bind(SocketAddress endpoint, int backlog) throws IOException { if (isClosed()) throw new SocketException("Socket is closed"); if (!oldImpl && isBound()) throw new SocketException("Already bound"); if (endpoint == null) endpoint = new InetSocketAddress(0); if (!(endpoint instanceof InetSocketAddress)) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported address type"); InetSocketAddress epoint = (InetSocketAddress) endpoint; if (epoint.isUnresolved()) throw new SocketException("Unresolved address"); if (backlog < 1) backlog = 50; try { SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); if (security != null) security.checkListen(epoint.getPort()); getImpl().bind(epoint.getAddress(), epoint.getPort()); getImpl().listen(backlog); bound = true; } catch(SecurityException e) { bound = false; throw e; } catch(IOException e) { bound = false; throw e; } }
其中有两行语句如下:
getImpl().bind(epoint.getAddress(), epoint.getPort());
getImpl().listen(backlog);
很清楚了吧,程序调用了ServerSocket的构造器,创建了ServerSocket。
而该构造器间接实现了绑定端口、监听端口(上面两行语句)。
阻塞,等待客户端连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
可以自己去看看源码。
有客户端连接成功后,会生成一个socket。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
获取向客户端读、写的字符流。
Java IO体系的学习总结
String msg = null;
//读取客户端发送的消息,并且进行回复
while ((msg = reader.readLine()) != null){
System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]:"+msg);
//回复客户端
writer.write("服务器:已收到-"+msg+"\n");
writer.flush();
// 查看客户端是否退出
if(QUIT.equalsIgnoreCase(msg)){
System.out.println("客户端["+socket.getPort()+"]已退出");
break;
}
}
上面是服务器读取客户端发送的消息的代码,一行一行的读取消息,并且只有当客户端发送“quit”
给服务器时,才表示此客户端要退出,并且在这个过程中其他客户端是不能与服务器进行连接的,因为服务器一直在while
里面读取此客户端发送的数据,不过,这只是一个体验版,以后会一步一步进行升级的,毕竟学习也是一步一步学出来的。
关闭资源
先不用纠结关闭资源的正确姿势,这是课程中讲师关闭资源的方法,等基础比较好以后,我会自己去实践一下,再进行总结,之后也会去阅读源码,写相关博客,现在的任务就是把整个流程搞明白即可,不去纠结细节,一层一层来揭开Java网络编程的面纱。
serverSocket.close();
客户端
客户端的socket程序有以下几个任务:
客户端socket程序:
package socket; import java.io.*; import java.net.Socket; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args){ final String QUIT = "QUIT"; final String DEFAULT_SERVER_HOST = "127.0.0.1"; final int DEFAULT_PORT = 8888; Socket socket = null; BufferedWriter writer = null; try { //创建socket socket = new Socket(DEFAULT_SERVER_HOST , DEFAULT_PORT); //创建IO流 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); writer = new BufferedWriter( new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream())); //等待用户输入信息 BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while (true){ String input = consoleReader.readLine(); //发送消息给服务器 writer.write(input+"\n"); writer.flush(); //读取服务器返回的消息 String msg = reader.readLine(); System.out.println(msg); // 查看用户是否退出 if (QUIT.equalsIgnoreCase(input)){ break; } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(writer != null){ try { writer.close(); // 会自动flush() System.out.println("关闭socket"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
创建Socket、连接服务器
socket = new Socket(DEFAULT_SERVER_HOST , DEFAULT_PORT);
进入构造器。
源码如下:
/** * Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port * number on the named host. * <p> * If the specified host is {@code null} it is the equivalent of * specifying the address as * {@link java.net.InetAddress#getByName InetAddress.getByName}{@code (null)}. * In other words, it is equivalent to specifying an address of the * loopback interface. </p> * <p> * If the application has specified a server socket factory, that * factory's {@code createSocketImpl} method is called to create * the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a "plain" socket is created. * <p> * If there is a security manager, its * {@code checkConnect} method is called * with the host address and {@code port} * as its arguments. This could result in a SecurityException. * * @param host the host name, or {@code null} for the loopback address. * @param port the port number. * * @exception UnknownHostException if the IP address of * the host could not be determined. * * @exception IOException if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket. * @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its * {@code checkConnect} method doesn't allow the operation. * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the port parameter is outside * the specified range of valid port values, which is between * 0 and 65535, inclusive. * @see java.net.Socket#setSocketImplFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory) * @see java.net.SocketImpl * @see java.net.SocketImplFactory#createSocketImpl() * @see SecurityManager#checkConnect */ public Socket(String host, int port) throws UnknownHostException, IOException { this(host != null ? new InetSocketAddress(host, port) : new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName(null), port), (SocketAddress) null, true); }
先不去看细节,先看注释Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port number on the named host.
。创建流套接字并将其连接到命名主机上的指定端口号。很显然,客户端调用Socket构造器,创建了Socket,并且连接了服务器(服务器已经运行的情况下)。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
writer = new BufferedWriter(
new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream()));
获取向服务器读、写的字符流。
//等待用户输入信息
BufferedReader consoleReader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
等待用户输入信息,并且是控制台的输入System.in
。
while (true){ String input = consoleReader.readLine(); //发送消息给服务器 writer.write(input+"\n"); writer.flush(); //读取服务器返回的消息 String msg = reader.readLine(); System.out.println(msg); // 查看用户是否退出 if (QUIT.equalsIgnoreCase(input)){ break; } }
向服务器发送消息,并且接收服务器的回复,也是一行一行的读取。
关闭资源
writer.close();
到这里,我们便实现了一个简易客户端-服务器编写。
大家也自己进行测试,应该是没问题的。
如果有说错的地方,请大家不吝赐教(记得留言哦~~~~)。
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