本文链接 http://wossoneri.github.io/2018/08/30/[Android][Framework]crop-SystemServer-and-SystemFeature/
SystemServer服务裁剪
有些系统,因为应用场景的不同,需要的服务也不一样。比如Android Things,为了应对IOT的应用场景,它就裁剪掉了很多服务。下面介绍一下裁剪服务的方法。
关于服务,要提一下SystemServer,具体介绍见另一篇文章:http://wossoneri.github.io。SystemServer启动了系统的核心服务,除此之外,SystemServer还启动了很多其他服务,具体是在startOtherServices()方法中。我们要裁剪不需要的服务就可以从这里入手。
比如要关闭打印机服务:
可以直接把相关启动服务的代码注释掉:
//mSystemServiceManager.startService(PRINT_MANAGER_SERVICE_CLASS);
当然这样修改后,以后如果要再打开,还需要再次修改SystemServer,然后编译jar包,push到设备使其生效。
所以建议使用下面的改法:
首先定义boolean变量,从全局属性读取配置,
boolean disablePrinter = SystemProperties.getBoolean("config.disable_printer", false);
然后在启动服务的代码段添加对这个属性的判断:
- if (!disablePrinter && mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_PRINTING)) {
- mSystemServiceManager.startService(PRINT_MANAGER_SERVICE_CLASS);
- }
之后在MakeFile增加自定义的系统权限:
- PRODUCT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES += \
- config.disable_printer=true
以后如果要打开这个服务,就把true变成false就可以了。
如果要调试,从修改设备的 /system/build.prop
然后重启即可。非常方便有木有!
如果要修改,删掉out目录下的build.prop,重新编译system(或者直接修改build.prop然后make snod),烧录启动系统之后,运行如下命令进行验证:
service check printer
这样就不会再启动不需要的服务了。
裁剪服务引发的问题
服务不是你不让它Start就完事儿了,系统那么大,总有一些地方会获取服务对象做一些调用处理。比如我们刚裁减掉了打印机服务,然后打开Settings就遇到了crash:
- E AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
- E AndroidRuntime: Process: com.android.settings, PID: 3496
- E AndroidRuntime: java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{com.android.settings/com.android.settings.Settings}: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke interface method 'java.util.List android.print.IPrintManager.getPrintServices(int, int)' on a null object reference
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2665)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2726)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap12(ActivityThread.java)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1477)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:102)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6119)
- E AndroidRuntime: at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:900)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:790)
- E AndroidRuntime: Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke interface method 'java.util.List android.print.IPrintManager.getPrintServices(int, int)' on a null object reference
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.print.PrintManager.getPrintServices(PrintManager.java:635)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.print.PrintServicesLoader.onStartLoading(PrintServicesLoader.java:88)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.content.Loader.startLoading(Loader.java:290)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.LoaderManagerImpl$LoaderInfo.start(LoaderManager.java:283)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.LoaderManagerImpl.installLoader(LoaderManager.java:579)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.LoaderManagerImpl.createAndInstallLoader(LoaderManager.java:566)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.LoaderManagerImpl.initLoader(LoaderManager.java:619)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.settings.search.DynamicIndexableContentMonitor.register(DynamicIndexableContentMonitor.java:136)
- E AndroidRuntime: at com.android.settings.SettingsActivity.onStart(SettingsActivity.java:868)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnStart(Instrumentation.java:1249)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.Activity.performStart(Activity.java:6737)
- E AndroidRuntime: at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2628)
- E AndroidRuntime: ... 9 more
通过堆栈信息,可以知道PrintManager.getPrintServices出现了空指针。这里也不用看代码就能猜到,因为我们开机没有启动打印服务,所以肯定get不到这个服务的。
然后考虑修改方案,增加非空保护是不是就可以了?Naive!我们的目的是裁剪打印服务,所以我们的修改点并不在这个服务本身,而是删除所以调用这个服务的地方。
所以堆栈显示的PrintManager,PrintServicesLoader什么的统统不要改,我们要看代码结构,看看是怎么调用进来的。通过阅读代码,了解到系统里有很多Loader类型的对象,其中一个子类就是PrintServicesLoader。然后这些Loader是由LoaderManager管理启动的。而LoaderManager在DynamicIndexableContentMonitor.java出现过一次初始化操作。
看下DynamicIndexableContentMonitor.java代码:
- public void register(Activity activity, int loaderId) {
- ...
- boolean hasFeaturePrinting = mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_PRINTING);
- ...
- if (hasFeaturePrinting) {
- activity.getLoaderManager().initLoader(loaderId, null, this);
- }
- ...
有木有发现一个熟悉的代码?
对,代码里再次出现了一个有关SystemFeature的判断!上一次出现时SystemServer启动服务前也做了相同的判断。
所以要裁剪掉打印机服务,我们只需要将FEATURE_PRINTING关闭即可。
通过修改SystemFeature判断后,在SystemServer里面的裁剪代码就可以不再添加了。但是有些服务的裁剪Android并没有添加系统特性的处理,所以还是建议使用我的方法进行裁剪。
SystemFeature加载流程
先看一看FEATURE_PRINTING
- /**
- * Feature for {@link #getSystemAvailableFeatures} and {@link #hasSystemFeature}:
- * The device supports printing.
- */
- @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.FEATURE)
- public static final String FEATURE_PRINTING = "android.software.print";
-
- /**
- * Get a list of features that are available on the
- * system.
- *
- * @return An array of FeatureInfo classes describing the features
- * that are available on the system, or null if there are none(!!).
- */
- public abstract FeatureInfo[] getSystemAvailableFeatures();
-
- /**
- * Check whether the given feature name is one of the available features as
- * returned by {@link #getSystemAvailableFeatures()}. This tests for the
- * presence of <em>any</em> version of the given feature name; use
- * {@link #hasSystemFeature(String, int)} to check for a minimum version.
- *
- * @return Returns true if the devices supports the feature, else false.
- */
- public abstract boolean hasSystemFeature(String name);
-
- /**
- * Check whether the given feature name and version is one of the available
- * features as returned by {@link #getSystemAvailableFeatures()}. Since
- * features are defined to always be backwards compatible, this returns true
- * if the available feature version is greater than or equal to the
- * requested version.
- *
- * @return Returns true if the devices supports the feature, else false.
- */
- public abstract boolean hasSystemFeature(String name, int version);
都是抽象方法,我们去PMS查找对应的实现
- public @NonNull ParceledListSlice<FeatureInfo> getSystemAvailableFeatures() {
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- final ArrayList<FeatureInfo> res = new ArrayList<>(mAvailableFeatures.values());
-
- final FeatureInfo fi = new FeatureInfo();
- fi.reqGlEsVersion = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.opengles.version",
- FeatureInfo.GL_ES_VERSION_UNDEFINED);
- res.add(fi);
-
- return new ParceledListSlice<>(res);
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean hasSystemFeature(String name, int version) {
- synchronized (mPackages) {
- final FeatureInfo feat = mAvailableFeatures.get(name);
- if (feat == null) {
- return false;
- } else {
- return feat.version >= version;
- }
- }
- }
这里的逻辑都是通过mAvailableFeatures得到所有的feature,查找该成员变量的相关代码
- final ArrayMap<String, FeatureInfo> mAvailableFeatures;
-
- SystemConfig systemConfig = SystemConfig.getInstance();
- mGlobalGids = systemConfig.getGlobalGids();
- mSystemPermissions = systemConfig.getSystemPermissions();
- mAvailableFeatures = systemConfig.getAvailableFeatures();
了解到,首先获取一个SystemConfig的单例,然后通过getAvailableFeatures方法获取可用的feature。
- // These are the features this devices supports that were read from the
- // system configuration files.
- final ArrayMap<String, FeatureInfo> mAvailableFeatures = new ArrayMap<>();
-
- public ArrayMap<String, FeatureInfo> getAvailableFeatures() {
- return mAvailableFeatures;
- }
-
- private void addFeature(String name, int version) {
- FeatureInfo fi = mAvailableFeatures.get(name);
- if (fi == null) {
- fi = new FeatureInfo();
- fi.name = name;
- fi.version = version;
- mAvailableFeatures.put(name, fi);
- } else {
- fi.version = Math.max(fi.version, version);
- }
- }
-
- private void removeFeature(String name) {
- if (mAvailableFeatures.remove(name) != null) {
- Slog.d(TAG, "Removed unavailable feature " + name);
- }
- }
根据mAvailableFeatures的注释,设备支持的feature是从配置文件里读取出来的。调用读取配置文件的地方是:
- SystemConfig() {
- // Read configuration from system
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getRootDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), ALLOW_ALL);
- // Read configuration from the old permissions dir
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getRootDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), ALLOW_ALL);
- // Allow ODM to customize system configs around libs, features and apps
- int odmPermissionFlag = ALLOW_LIBS | ALLOW_FEATURES | ALLOW_APP_CONFIGS;
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getOdmDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), odmPermissionFlag);
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getOdmDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), odmPermissionFlag);
- // Only allow OEM to customize features
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getOemDirectory(), "etc", "sysconfig"), ALLOW_FEATURES);
- readPermissions(Environment.buildPath(
- Environment.getOemDirectory(), "etc", "permissions"), ALLOW_FEATURES);
- }
到此就很明白了,它是读取了几个目录:
- /system/etc/permission
- /system/etc/sysconfig
- /oem/etc/permission
- /oem/etc/sysconfig
- /odm/etc/permission
- /odm/etc/sysconfig
然后遍历xml文件,进行解析处理。SystemFeature就是解析的Feature标签。
最后再总结一下加载流程:
屏蔽SystemFeature
知道原理就好做了,在系统扫描的几个目录中使用grep命令查找控制打印机的字串,找到:
/system/etc/permission/handheld_core_hardware.xml
- <!-- basic system services -->
- <feature name="android.software.app_widgets" />
- <feature name="android.software.connectionservice" />
- <feature name="android.software.voice_recognizers" notLowRam="true" />
- <feature name="android.software.backup" />
- <feature name="android.software.home_screen" />
- <feature name="android.software.input_methods" />
- <feature name="android.software.print" /> <------这个就是打印特性
将其注释掉就可以在手机进行测试了。
但是,我们还需要修改源码,保证以后编译系统这个值都是被屏蔽的。
查找MakeFile,找到如下:
PRODUCT_COPY_FILES := \ frameworks/native/data/etc/handheld_core_hardware.xml:system/etc/permissions/handheld_core_hardware.xml
这个文件在源码中的位置是frameworks/native/data/etc/
。找到该源码文件,将不要的Feature注释掉,然后重新编译源码,启动系统,一切正常!打印机相关的服务彻底被屏蔽掉了,系统启动速度,资源消耗又变小了一点点。嗯,是很小的一点点,我们还可以把VR,红外线等等很多服务裁剪掉,以适应不同应用场景下的精简系统。