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第2章 Elasticsearch入门

作者：不正经 | 2024-04-15 08:36:08

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第2章 Elasticsearch入门

1.环境准备

官方地址、官方文档、Elasticsearch 7.8.0下载页面

Windows 版的 Elasticsearch 压缩包，解压即安装完毕，解压后的 Elasticsearch 的目录结构如下：

目录	含义
bin	可执行脚本目录
config	配置目录
jdk	内置 JDK 目录
lib	类库
logs	日志目录
modules	模块目录
plugins	插件目录

解压后，进入 bin 文件目录，点击 elasticsearch.bat 文件启动 ES 服务。

注意： 9300 端口为 Elasticsearch 集群间组件的通信端口， 9200 端口为浏览器访问的 http协议 RESTful 端口。

打开浏览器，输入地址： http://localhost:9200，测试返回结果，返回结果如下：

{
    "name": "ORENLAN",
    "cluster_name": "elasticsearch",
    "cluster_uuid": "-f5CAH2vT_i-tVNi4WElNw",
    "version": {
        "number": "7.8.0",
        "build_flavor": "default",
        "build_type": "zip",
        "build_hash": "757314695644ea9a1dc2fecd26d1a43856725e65",
        "build_date": "2020-06-14T19:35:50.234439Z",
        "build_snapshot": false,
        "lucene_version": "8.5.1",
        "minimum_wire_compatibility_version": "6.8.0",
        "minimum_index_compatibility_version": "6.0.0-beta1"
    },
    "tagline": "You Know, for Search"
}
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2. RESTful & JSON

REST 指的是一组架构约束条件和原则。满足这些约束条件和原则的应用程序或设计就是 RESTful。 Web 应用程序最重要的 REST 原则是，客户端和服务器之间的交互在请求之间是无状态的。从客户端到服务器的每个请求都必须包含理解请求所必需的信息。如果服务器在请求之间的任何时间点重启，客户端不会得到通知。此外，无状态请求可以由任何可用服务器回答，这十分适合云计算之类的环境。客户端可以缓存数据以改进性能。
在服务器端，应用程序状态和功能可以分为各种资源。资源是一个有趣的概念实体，它向客户端公开。资源的例子有：应用程序对象、数据库记录、算法等等。每个资源都使用 URI(Universal Resource Identifier) 得到一个唯一的地址。所有资源都共享统一的接口，以便在客户端和服务器之间传输状态。使用的是标准的 HTTP 方法，比如 GET、 PUT、 POST 和DELETE。
在 REST 样式的 Web 服务中，每个资源都有一个地址。资源本身都是方法调用的目标，方法列表对所有资源都是一样的。这些方法都是标准方法，包括 HTTP GET、 POST、PUT、 DELETE，还可能包括 HEAD 和 OPTIONS。简单的理解就是，如果想要访问互联网上的资源，就必须向资源所在的服务器发出请求，请求体中必须包含资源的网络路径，以及对资源进行的操作(增删改查)。

REST 样式的 Web 服务若有返回结果，大多数以JSON字符串形式返回。

3. Postman客户端工具

如果直接通过浏览器向 Elasticsearch 服务器发请求，那么需要在发送的请求中包含HTTP 标准的方法，而 HTTP 的大部分特性且仅支持 GET 和 POST 方法。所以为了能方便地进行客户端的访问，可以使用 Postman 软件Postman 是一款强大的网页调试工具，提供功能强大的 Web API 和 HTTP 请求调试。
软件功能强大，界面简洁明晰、操作方便快捷，设计得很人性化。 Postman 中文版能够发送任何类型的 HTTP 请求 (GET, HEAD, POST, PUT…)，不仅能够表单提交，且可以附带任意类型请求体。

POSTMAN下载地址

4.倒排索引

正排索引（传统）

id	content
1001	my name is zhang san
1002	my name is li si

倒排索引

content	id
name	1001、1002
zhang	1001

Elasticsearch 是面向文档型数据库，一条数据在这里就是一个文档。为了方便大家理解，我们将 Elasticsearch 里存储文档数据和关系型数据库 MySQL 存储数据的概念进行一个类比：

关系类比

ES 里的 Index 可以看做一个库，而 Types 相当于表， Documents 则相当于表的行。这里 Types 的概念已经被逐渐弱化， Elasticsearch 6.X 中，一个 index 下已经只能包含一个type， Elasticsearch 7.X 中, Type 的概念已经被删除了。

5.HTTP-索引-创建

对比关系型数据库，创建索引就等同于创建数据库。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

请求后，服务器返回响应：

{
    "acknowledged": true,//响应结果
    "shards_acknowledged": true,//分片结果
    "index": "shopping"// 索引名称
}
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[2024-02-20T00:43:31,171][INFO ][o.e.c.m.MetadataCreateIndexService] [ORENLAN] [shopping] creating index, cause [api], templates [], shards [1]/[1], mappings []
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如果重复发 PUT 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping 添加索引，会返回错误信息 :

{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
                "reason": "index [shopping/rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ] already exists",
                "index_uuid": "rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ",
                "index": "shopping"
            }
        ],
        "type": "resource_already_exists_exception",
        "reason": "index [shopping/rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ] already exists",
        "index_uuid": "rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ",
        "index": "shopping"
    },
    "status": 400
}
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6. HTTP-索引-查询 & 删除

6.1查看所有索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v

health status index    uuid                   pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
yellow open   shopping rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ   1   1          0            0       208b           208b

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表头	含义
health	当前服务器健康状态： green(集群完整) yellow(单点正常、集群不完整) red(单点不正常)
status	索引打开、关闭状态
index	索引名
uuid	索引统一编号
pri	主分片数量
rep	副本数量
docs.count	可用文档数量
docs.deleted	文档删除状态(逻辑删除)
store.size	住分片和副分片占空间大小
pri.store.size	主分片占空间大小

6.2 查看单个索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

返回结果如下：

{
    "shopping": {// 索引名
        "aliases": {},//别名
        "mappings": {},//映射
        "settings": {// 设置
            "index": {//设置-索引
                "creation_date": "1708361011168",// 设置-索引-创建时间
                "number_of_shards": "1",// 设置-索引-主分片数量
                "number_of_replicas": "1",//设置-索引-主分片副本
                "uuid": "rCTUn0E4QESAYOEH0vtEDQ",//设置-索引-uuid
                "version": {// 设置-索引-
                    "created": "7080099"
                },
                "provided_name": "shopping"
            }
        }
    }
}
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6.3 删除索引

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

返回结果如下：

{
    "acknowledged": true
}
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再次查看所有索引，GET http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v，返回结果如下：

health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size

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删除成功。

7. 文档-创建（Put & Post）

假设索引已经创建好了，接下来我们来创建文档，并添加数据。这里的文档可以类比为关系型数据库中的表数据，添加的数据格式为 JSON 格式
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc，请求体JSON内容为：

{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}
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注意，此处发送请求的方式必须为 POST，不能是 PUT，否则会发生错误。
返回结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",// 索引
    "_type": "_doc",// 类型-文档
    "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",//唯一标识，类MySql中的主键，随机生成
    "_version": 1,// 版本
    "result": "created",// 结果，这里的create表示创建成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,// 分片-总数
        "successful": 1,//分片-总数
        "failed": 0// 分片-总数
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
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上面的数据创建后，由于没有指定数据唯一性标识（ID），默认情况下， ES 服务器会随机生成一个。

如果想要自定义唯一性标识，需要在创建时指定： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1，请求体JSON内容为：

{
    "title":"小米手机",
    "category":"小米",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
    "price":3999.00
}

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返回结果如下:

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",// 自定义的唯一标识
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
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此处需要注意：如果增加数据时明确数据主键，那么请求方式也可以为 PUT。

8. -查询-主键查询 & 全查询

8.1 主键查询

查看文档时，需要指明文档的唯一性标识，类似于 MySQL 中数据的主键查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 1,
    "_seq_no": 1,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
        "price": 3999.00
    }
}
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查找不存在的内容，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1。

返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "found": false
}

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8.2 全量查询

查看索引下所有数据，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search。

返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 56,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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9. 全量修改 & 局部修改 & 删除

9.1全量修改

和新增文档一样，输入相同的 URL 地址请求，如果请求体变化，会将原有的数据内容覆盖

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001

请求体JSON内容为:

{
    "title":"华为手机",
    "category":"华为",
    "images":"http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
    "price":1999.00
}

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修改成功后，服务器响应结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 2,
    "result": "updated",// updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 2,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
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10. 局部修改

修改数据时，也可以只修改某一给条数据的局部信息

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 POST 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_update/1。

请求体JSON内容为:

{
    "doc":{
        "title":"小米手机",
        "category":"小米"
    }
}
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返回结果如下：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 3,
    "result": "updated",// updated 表示数据被更新
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
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在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001，查看修改内容：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 3,
    "_seq_no": 3,
    "_primary_term": 1,
    "found": true,
    "_source": {
        "title": "小米手机",
        "category": "小米",
        "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
        "price": 1999.0
    }
}
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10.1 删除

删除一个文档不会立即从磁盘上移除，它只是被标记成已删除（逻辑删除）。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 DELETE 请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1001

返回结果：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 4,
    "result": "deleted",// 删除成功
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 4,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
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在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/1，查看是否删除成功：

{
    "_index": "shopping",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "found": false
}
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11. 条件查询 & 分页查询 & 查询排序

假设有以下文档内容，（在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search）：

{
    "took": 362,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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11.1 URL带参数查询

查找category为小米的文档，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search?q=category:小米，返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 35,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.1507283,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.1507283,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.1507283,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.1507283,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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上述为URL带参数形式查询，这很容易让不善者心怀恶意，或者参数值出现中文会出现乱码情况。为了避免这些情况，我们可用使用带JSON请求体请求进行查询。

11.2 请求体待查询参数

接下带JSON请求体，还是查找category为小米的文档，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query": {
        "match": {
            "category": "小米"
        }
    }
}
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返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 3,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0779929,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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11.3 请求体查询所有

查找所有文档内容，也可以这样，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    }
}
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则返回所有文档内容：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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11.4 查询指定字段

如果你想查询指定字段，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{}
    },
    "_source":["title"]
}
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返回结果如下

{
    "took": 4,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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11.5 分页查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "match_all":{}
    },
    "from":0,
    "size":2
}
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返回结果：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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11.6 查询排序

如果你想通过排序查出价格最高的手机，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query": {
        "match_all": {}
    },
    "sort": {
        "price": {
            "order": "desc"
        }
    }
}
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返回结果：

{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    5999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    3999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999.0
                ]
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": null,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                },
                "sort": [
                    1999.0
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
}
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12. 多条件查询 & 范围查询

12.1 多条件查询AND

假设想找出小米牌子，价格为3999元的。（must相当于数据库的&&）

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "must":[
                {
                    "match":{
                        "category":"小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match":{
                        "price":1999
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
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返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 7,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 2.077993,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 2.077993,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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12.2 多条件查询OR

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子。（should相当于数据库的||）

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "bool":{
            "should":[
                {
                    "match":{
                        "category":"小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match":{
                        "category":"华为"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
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返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 4,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.7509375,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 1.7509375,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.7509375,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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12.3 范围查询

假设想找出小米和华为的牌子，价格大于2000元的手机。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query": {
        "bool": {
            "should": [
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "小米"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match": {
                        "category": "华为"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "filter": {
                "range": {
                    "price": {
                        "gt": 2000
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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返回结果

{
    "took": 8,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 3,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.7509375,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.7509375,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0779929,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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13. 全文检索 & 完全匹配 & 高亮查询

13.1 全文检索

这功能像搜索引擎那样，如品牌输入“小华”，返回结果带回品牌有“小米”和华为的。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
	"query":{
		"match":{
			"category" : "小华"
		}
	}
}

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返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.87546873,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 0.53899646,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 0.53899646,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 0.53899646,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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13.2 完全匹配

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query":{
        "match_phrase":{
            "category":"为"
        }
    }
}
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返回结果如下：

{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.87546873,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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13.3 高亮查询

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "category": "为"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields": {
            "category": {}
        }
    }
}
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返回结果如下:

{
    "took": 35,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 2,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.87546873,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 0.87546873,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "category": [
                        "华<em>为</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
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14 聚合查询

聚合允许使用者对 es 文档进行统计分析，类似与关系型数据库中的 group by，当然还有很多其他的聚合，例如取最大值max、平均值avg等等。

接下来按price字段进行分组：

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：

{
    "aggs": {// 集合操作
        "price_group": {// 名称，随意取名
            "terms": {// 分组
                "field": "price"// 分组字段
            }
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果：
```json
{
    "took": 17,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 1.0,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "lyd3xo0BFSiyMTpv2IBl",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mSeMxo0BFSiyMTpvAoDD",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 3999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "mieMxo0BFSiyMTpvNYCB",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "小米手机",
                    "category": "小米",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/xm.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "myeMxo0BFSiyMTpvdoBy",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 1999.00
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "shopping",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "nCeMxo0BFSiyMTpvh4CJ",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "title": "华为手机",
                    "category": "华为",
                    "images": "http://www.gulixueyuan.com/hw.jpg",
                    "price": 5999.00
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 5999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
```

上面返回结果会附带原始数据的。若不想要不附带原始数据的结果，在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：
```json
{
    "aggs": {// 集合操作
        "price_group": {// 名称，随意取名
            "terms": {// 分组
                "field": "price"// 分组字段
            }
        }
    },
    "size":0
}
```
返回结果：
```json
{
    "took": 5,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": 1999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 3999.0,
                    "doc_count": 2
                },
                {
                    "key": 5999.0,
                    "doc_count": 1
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
```
### 14.1 求平均值。

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search，附带JSON体如下：
```json
{
    "aggs": {// 集合操作
        "price_group": {// 名称，随意取名
            "avg": {// 分组
                "field": "price"// 分组字段
            }
        }
    },
    "size":0
}
```
返回结果如下：
```json
{
    "took": 2,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 5,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    },
    "aggregations": {
        "price_group": {
            "value": 3599.0
        }
    }
}
```
## 15. 映射关系
有了索引库，等于有了数据库中的 database。

接下来就需要建索引库(index)中的映射了，类似于数据库(database)中的表结构(table)。

创建数据库表需要设置字段名称，类型，长度，约束等；索引库也一样，需要知道这个类型下有哪些字段，每个字段有哪些约束信息，这就叫做映射(mapping)。

先创建一个索引：

```
PUT http://127.0.0.1:9200/user
```
返回结果:
```json
{
    "acknowledged": true,
    "shards_acknowledged": true,
    "index": "user"
}

```
### 15.1 创建映射
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping，附带JSON体如下：
```json
{
    "properties": {
        "name": {
            "type": "text",
            "index": true
        },
        "sex": {
            "type": "keyword",
            "index": true
        },
        "tel": {
            "type": "keyword",
            "index": false
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果如下
```json
{
    "acknowledged": true
}
```
### 15.2 查询映射
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_mapping

返回结果如下
```json
{
    "user": {
        "mappings": {
            "properties": {
                "name": {
                    "type": "text"
                },
                "sex": {
                    "type": "keyword"
                },
                "tel": {
                    "type": "keyword",
                    "index": false
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```
在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发 PUT 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_create/1001 ，附带JSON体如下：

```json
{
	"name":"小米",
	"sex":"男的",
	"tel":"1111"
}
```
返回结果如下：
```json
{
    "_index": "user",
    "_type": "_doc",
    "_id": "1001",
    "_version": 1,
    "result": "created",
    "_shards": {
        "total": 2,
        "successful": 1,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "_seq_no": 0,
    "_primary_term": 1
}
```
查找name含有"小"的数据

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search ，附带JSON体如下：

```json
{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "name":"小"
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果如下：
```json
{
    "took": 710,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
```
查找sex含有"男"的数据

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search ，附带JSON体如下：

```json
{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "sex":"男"
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果如下:
```json
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 0,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": null,
        "hits": []
    }
}
```
找不想要的结果，只因创建映射时"sex"的类型为"keyword"。

"sex"只能完全为”男的“，才能得出原数据。

```json
{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "sex":"男的"
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果如下：
```json
{
    "took": 1,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 1,
        "successful": 1,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": {
            "value": 1,
            "relation": "eq"
        },
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "user",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1001",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "小米",
                    "sex": "男的",
                    "tel": "1111"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
```
查询电话

在 Postman 中，向 ES 服务器发GET 请求 ： http://127.0.0.1:9200/user/_search ，附带JSON体如下：
```json
{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "tel":"111"
        }
    }
}
```
返回结果如下
```json
{
    "error": {
        "root_cause": [
            {
                "type": "query_shard_exception",
                "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                "index_uuid": "YTFXNC4fSqCCiYMex7gQgQ",
                "index": "user"
            }
        ],
        "type": "search_phase_execution_exception",
        "reason": "all shards failed",
        "phase": "query",
        "grouped": true,
        "failed_shards": [
            {
                "shard": 0,
                "index": "user",
                "node": "QbcNin0fSI6pxZ2JQlxlHQ",
                "reason": {
                    "type": "query_shard_exception",
                    "reason": "failed to create query: Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed.",
                    "index_uuid": "YTFXNC4fSqCCiYMex7gQgQ",
                    "index": "user",
                    "caused_by": {
                        "type": "illegal_argument_exception",
                        "reason": "Cannot search on field [tel] since it is not indexed."
                    }
                }
            }
        ]
    },
    "status": 400
}
```
报错只因创建映射时"tel"的"index"为false。
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