three.js 04-07 之 MeshPhongMaterial 材质_threejs meshphongmaterial

作者：不正经 | 2024-02-16 18:26:46

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threejs meshphongmaterial

上篇我们已经介绍了 three.js 中高级材质中的 MeshLambertMaterial 材质。本篇将要介绍的是另一种与之对应的高级材质 MeshPhongMaterial 材质。通过它可以创建一种光亮表面的材质效果。这种材质的属性基本跟 MeshLambertMaterial 暗淡材质一样，除此之外，我们列出 MeshPhongMaterial 材质中比较感兴趣的特有属性，如下表所示：

属性	描述
ambient （环境光颜色）	同 MeshLambertMaterial 材质
emissive （自发光颜色）	同 MeshLambertMaterial 材质
specular （镜面反射光颜色）	此属性指定该材质的镜面反射光部分的颜色。如果将它设置成跟 color 属性相同的颜色，则会得到一种更加类似金属的材质；如果设置成 gray 灰色，材质将变得像塑料
shininess （镜面反射光强度）	此属性指定 specular 镜面反射光部分的亮度。默认值是 30

同样，为了方便读者试验此材质的一些关键属性的效果，我们给出一个完整的示例，代码如下：


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>示例 04.07 - MeshPhongMaterial</title>
	<script src="../build/three.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/controls/OrbitControls.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/libs/stats.min.js"></script>
	<script src="../build/js/libs/dat.gui.min.js"></script>
	<script src="../jquery/jquery-3.2.1.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body {
            /* 设置 margin 为 0，并且 overflow 为 hidden，来完成页面样式 */
            margin: 0;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
		/* 统计对象的样式 */
		#Stats-output {
			position: absolute;
			left: 0px;
			top: 0px;
		}
    </style>
</head>
<body>
 
<!-- 用于 WebGL 输出的 Div -->
<div id="webgl-output"></div>
<!-- 用于统计 FPS 输出的 Div -->
<div id="stats-output"></div>
 
<!-- 运行 Three.js 示例的 Javascript 代码 -->
<script type="text/javascript">
 
	var scene;
	var camera;
	var render;
	var webglRender;
	var canvasRender;
	var controls;
	var stats;
	var guiParams;
	
	var ground;
	var cube;
	var sphere;
	var plane;
	var activeMesh;
	
	var meshMaterial;
	
	var ambientLight;
	var spotLight;
	var cameraHelper;
 
    $(function() {
		stats = initStats();
		scene = new THREE.Scene();
		
		webglRender = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( {antialias: true, alpha: true} ); // antialias 抗锯齿
		webglRender.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
		webglRender.setClearColor(0xeeeeee, 1.0);
		webglRender.shadowMap.enabled = true; // 允许阴影投射
		render = webglRender;
		
		camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(45, window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight, 30, 1000); // 2147483647
		camera.position.set(-45.5, 68.2, 90.9);
		
		var target = new THREE.Vector3(10, 0 , 0);
		controls = new THREE.OrbitControls(camera, render.domElement);
		controls.target = target;
		camera.lookAt(target);
		
		$('#webgl-output')[0].appendChild(render.domElement);
		window.addEventListener('resize', onWindowResize, false);
		
		ambientLight = new THREE.AmbientLight(0x0c0c0c);
		scene.add(ambientLight);
		
		spotLight = new THREE.SpotLight(0xffffff);
        spotLight.position.set(0, 30, 60);
        spotLight.castShadow = true;
        scene.add(spotLight);
		cameraHelper = new THREE.CameraHelper(spotLight.shadow.camera);
		scene.add(cameraHelper);
		
		// 加入一个平面
		var groundGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(100, 100, 4, 4);
		var groundMaterial = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({color: 0x777777});
		ground = new THREE.Mesh(groundGeometry, groundMaterial);
		ground.rotation.set(-0.5 * Math.PI, 0, 0); // 沿着 X轴旋转-90°
		scene.add(ground);
		
		// 定义 cube, sphere, plane
        var cubeGeometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(15, 15, 15);
		var sphereGeometry = new THREE.SphereGeometry(14, 30, 30);
        var planeGeometry = new THREE.PlaneGeometry(14, 14, 4, 4);
 
		// 材质
        meshMaterial = new THREE.MeshPhongMaterial({color: 0x7777ff, transparent: false, opacity: 1.0});
        cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, meshMaterial);
        sphere = new THREE.Mesh(sphereGeometry, meshMaterial);
        plane = new THREE.Mesh(planeGeometry, meshMaterial);
		cube.castShadow = true;
		sphere.castShadow = true;
		plane.castShadow = true;
 
        cube.position.set(0, 12, 0);
        sphere.position.set(0, 14, 0);
        plane.position.set(0, 12, 0);
		
		/** 用来保存那些需要修改的变量 */
		guiParams = new function() {
			this.rotationSpeed = 0.02;
			this.opacity = meshMaterial.opacity;
			this.transparent = meshMaterial.transparent;
			this.visible = meshMaterial.visible;
			this.ambient = '#ffffff';
			this.emissive = '#2a2a2a';
			this.specular = '#ffffff';
			this.shininess = 5;
			this.side = 'front';
			this.color = '#ff000e';
			this.selectedMesh = 'sphere';
			this.spotLight = true;
			
			this.addMesh = function(e) {
				scene.remove(activeMesh);
 
				switch (e) {
					case "cube":
						activeMesh = cube;
						break;
					case "sphere":
						activeMesh = sphere;
						break;
					case "plane":
						activeMesh = plane;
						break;
				}
				scene.add(activeMesh);
			};
			this.updateMaterial = function() {
				meshMaterial.opacity = this.opacity;
				meshMaterial.transparent = this.transparent;
				meshMaterial.visible = this.visible;
				meshMaterial.ambient = new THREE.Color(this.ambient);
				meshMaterial.emissive = new THREE.Color(this.emissive);
				meshMaterial.specular = new THREE.Color(this.specular);
				meshMaterial.shininess = this.shininess;
				meshMaterial.color = new THREE.Color(this.color);
				switch (this.side) {
					case "front":
						meshMaterial.side = THREE.FrontSide;
						break;
					case "back":
						meshMaterial.side = THREE.BackSide;
						break;
					case "double":
						meshMaterial.side = THREE.DoubleSide;
						break;
				}
				meshMaterial.needsUpdate = true;
			}
		}
		/** 定义 dat.GUI 对象，并绑定 guiParams 的几个属性 */
		var gui = new dat.GUI();
		var folder = gui.addFolder('Mesh');
		folder.open();
		folder.add(guiParams, 'opacity', 0.1, 1.0).onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.add(guiParams, 'transparent').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.addColor(guiParams, 'ambient').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.addColor(guiParams, 'emissive').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.addColor(guiParams, 'specular').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.add(guiParams, 'shininess', 1, 200).onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.add(guiParams, 'visible').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.add(guiParams, 'side', ['front', 'back', 'double']).onChange(function(e) {
			console.log(e);
            guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.addColor(guiParams, 'color').onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.updateMaterial();
		});
		folder.add(guiParams, 'selectedMesh', ['cube', 'sphere', 'plane']).onChange(function(e) {
			guiParams.addMesh(e);
		});
		gui.add(guiParams, 'spotLight').onChange(function(e) {
			scene.remove(spotLight);
			scene.remove(cameraHelper);
			if (e) {
				scene.add(spotLight);
				scene.add(cameraHelper);
			}
		});
		
		guiParams.updateMaterial();
		guiParams.addMesh(guiParams.selectedMesh);
		
		renderScene();
    });
	
	/** 渲染场景 */
	function renderScene() {
		stats.update();
		rotateMesh(); // 旋转物体
		
		requestAnimationFrame(renderScene);
		render.render(scene, camera);
	}
	
	/** 初始化 stats 统计对象 */
	function initStats() {
		stats = new Stats();
		stats.setMode(0); // 0 为监测 FPS；1 为监测渲染时间
		$('#stats-output').append(stats.domElement);
		return stats;
	}
	
	/** 当浏览器窗口大小变化时触发 */
	function onWindowResize() {
		camera.aspect = window.innerWidth / window.innerHeight;
		camera.updateProjectionMatrix();
		render.setSize(window.innerWidth, window.innerHeight);
	}
	
	/** 旋转物体 */
	function rotateMesh() {
		scene.traverse(function(mesh) {
			if (mesh instanceof THREE.Mesh && mesh != ground) {
				//mesh.rotation.x += guiParams.rotationSpeed;
				mesh.rotation.y += guiParams.rotationSpeed;
				//mesh.rotation.z += guiParams.rotationSpeed;
			}
		});
	}
 
</script>
</body>
</html>

这个示例大体上跟上一篇的基本一样，所以不再过多嗷述，读者可以自行参考上一篇中提到的相关引导建议去试验。

未完待续···

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