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Qt 中实现TCP 聊天服务器
大致流程
创建套接字服务器QTcpServer对象
通过QTcpServer对象设置监听,即QTcpServer::listen()
基于QTcpServer::newConnection()信号检测是否有新的客户端连接
如果有新的客户端连接 调用QTcpSocket *QTcpServer::nextPendingConnection()得到通信的套接字对象
使用通信的套接字对象QTcpSocket和客户端进行通信
.pro文件
- QT += core gui network # 所需模块network 添加后记得构建
-
- greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets
-
- CONFIG += c++11
-
- # The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
- # any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
- # depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
- # deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
- DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
-
- # You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
- # In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
- # You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
- #DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
-
- SOURCES += \
- main.cpp \
- widget.cpp
-
- HEADERS += \
- widget.h
-
- FORMS += \
- widget.ui
-
- # Default rules for deployment.
- qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
- else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
- !isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
.h文件
- #ifndef WIDGET_H
- #define WIDGET_H
-
- #include <QWidget>
- #include <QTcpServer> //??包含TCP服务器类
- #include <QMessageBox> //消息对话框类
- #include <QTcpSocket> //包含客户端类
-
- QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
- namespace Ui { class Widget; }
- QT_END_NAMESPACE
-
- class Widget : public QWidget
- {
- Q_OBJECT
-
- public:
- Widget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
- ~Widget();
-
- private slots:
- void on_startBtn_clicked();
- void newConnection_slot(); //声明一下服务器检测到新的客户端连接时,发射出来的信号到这个槽函数
- void readyRead_slot(); //声明一下客户端发射的readyRead()信号对应的槽函数
-
- private:
- Ui::Widget *ui;
-
- QTcpServer *server; //创建一个套接字服务器QTcpServer对象 在构造函数初始化列表中初始化
-
- QList<QTcpSocket *> socketList; //定义一个存放客户套接字的容器
- };
- #endif // WIDGET_H
main.cpp
- #include "widget.h"
-
- #include <QApplication>
-
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- QApplication a(argc, argv);
- Widget w;
- w.show();
- return a.exec();
- }
.cpp文件
- #include "widget.h"
- #include "ui_widget.h"
-
- Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
- : QWidget(parent)
- , ui(new Ui::Widget)
- ,server(new QTcpServer(this)) //初始化列表 初始化server
- {
- ui->setupUi(this);
-
- }
-
- Widget::~Widget()
- {
- delete ui;
- }
-
-
- void Widget::on_startBtn_clicked()
- {
- //定义一个 quint16 类型的变量port 接收 字符串端口转换成 整型的端口
- quint16 port = ui->portEdit->text().toUInt();
-
- //调用 QTcpServer类型的对象server里的listen函数,实现监听
- if(server->listen(QHostAddress::Any,port))
- {
- //启动监听成功
- QMessageBox::information(this,"","启动服务器成功");
- }
- else
- {
- //启动监听失败
- QMessageBox::critical(this,"","启动服务器失败");
- }
-
- //此时服务器已经成功启动监听,如果有客户端发来连接,那么服务器端就会自动发射一个newConnection()的信号
- //将该信号连接到自定义的槽函数中
- connect(server,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,&Widget::newConnection_slot);
-
- }
-
- //newConnection_slot()槽函数的实现
- //有客户端连接时,服务器发射一个newConnection信号后,执行这个函数
- void Widget::newConnection_slot()
- {
- //使用QTcpSocket *QTcpServer::nextPenddingConnection()函数得到通信的套接字对象
- QTcpSocket *s = server->nextPendingConnection();
- socketList.push_back(s); // 用尾插法将套接字放入链表
- //如果有客户端发来数据,客户端就会自动发射一个readyRead信号,就可以将该信号连接到自定义的槽函数中
- connect(s,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,&Widget::readyRead_slot);
-
- }
-
- //客户端发射信号对应的槽函数的实现
- void Widget::readyRead_slot()
- {
- //遍历有效客户端,移除无效客户端
- for(int i=0; i<socketList.count(); i++)
- {
- if(socketList.at(i)->state() == 0)
- {
- socketList.removeAt(i); //删除该元素
- }
- }
-
- //再遍历客户端容器,寻找哪个客户端的数据待读
- for(int i=0; i<socketList.count(); i++)
- {
- if(socketList.at(i)->bytesAvailable() != 0)
- {
- //!= 0 说明这些是有效数据
- QByteArray msg = socketList.at(i)->readAll();
- //将读取到的数据 放到ui界面上
- ui->listWidget->addItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit(msg)); //fromlocal8bit() 将Windows的GBK字符转换为Qt的Unicode
- //QString::Local8bit是本地操作系统设置的字符集编码
- //将数据广播给所有客户端
- for(int i=0; i<socketList.count(); i++)
- {
- socketList.at(i)->write(msg);
- }
- }
- }
-
- }
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