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项目需要,在发送和接受数据的时候使用RabbitMQ队列作为中间基站。想要对RabbitMQ有个基本的了解,可以结合官网:http://www.rabbitmq.com/,和这篇博客:http://blog.csdn.net/anzhsoft/article/details/19563091一起来理解。
因为是在Qt中使用,所以需要用RabbitMQ-c,官网没有c语言使用RabbitMQ的详细介绍,上面的博客是使用Python来作为说明的,所以还需另寻他路,自己琢磨琢磨。
准备工作:
1、使用Qt 4.7.4和Qt Creator 2.4.1及其的MinGW:
具体的下载安装请见另一篇博客:Qt中使用Protocol Buffers(一):使用QT的MinGW + msys编译Protocol Buffers v2.6.1
2、Cmak:
下载:https://cmake.org/download/,当前最新版本3.8.0,下载cmake-3.8.0-win64-x64.zip
安装:解压并将bin目录添加到环境目录中去,安装成功后可以在cmd中输入cmake --version查看cmake的版本,cmake --help查看cmake的帮助
3、RabbitMQ-c:
下载:GitHub上下载:https://github.com/alanxz/rabbitmq-c/,下载rabbitmq-c-master.zip,下载完后解压,就可以开始编译啦
开始编译:
根据RabbitMQ-c的下载地址下面的说明文档进行编译
1、使用cmd进入到RabbitMQ的解压地址,在rabbitmq-c-master文件夹中的cmake文件夹中创建文件夹build,然后输入cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../install ../..来配置
cmake表示命令
-G "MinGW Makefiles"表示使用MinGW来生成文件
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../install表示在rabbitmq-c-master文件夹中创建(如果没有)install文件夹,并在install的时候将文件存放其中。
../..表示CmakeLists.txt所在的文件夹rabbitmq-c-master的文件夹
配置结果:
在这一步的时候遇到两个错误:
Error1: could not find cmakeroot,解决办法:重新安装cmake
Error2: could not find openssl:
解决办法在这个网站找到:https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/587845628097951765.html,即将CMakeLists.txt文件中的ENABLE_SSL_SUPPORT的ON改成OFF,再删除之前生成的文件重新编译。
正确的编译结果是:
D:\RabbitMQ\rabbitmq-c-master\cmake\build>cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=../../install ../..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.4.0
-- Check for working C compiler: D:/Qt/qtcreator-2.4.1/mingw/bin/gcc.exe
-- Check for working C compiler: D:/Qt/qtcreator-2.4.1/mingw/bin/gcc.exe -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE not specified. Creating Release build
-- Found C inline keyword: inline
-- Looking for htonll
-- Looking for htonll - not found
-- Looking for poll
-- Looking for poll - not found
-- Looking for clock_gettime in rt
-- Looking for clock_gettime in rt - not found
-- Looking for posix_spawnp in rt
-- Looking for posix_spawnp in rt - not found
-- Performing Test HAVE_GNU90
-- Performing Test HAVE_GNU90 - Failed
-- Performing Test HAVE_C90
-- Performing Test HAVE_C90 - Failed
-- Could NOT find POPT (missing: POPT_INCLUDE_DIR POPT_LIBRARY)
-- Could NOT find XMLTO (missing: XMLTO_EXECUTABLE)
-- Could NOT find Doxygen (missing: DOXYGEN_EXECUTABLE)
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for pthread_create
-- Looking for pthread_create - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthreads - not found
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread
-- Looking for pthread_create in pthread - found
-- Found Threads: TRUE
-- Building rabbitmq as a shared library - yes
-- Building rabbitmq as a static library - yes
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/RabbitMQ/rabbitmq-c-master/cmake/build
2、配置成功后就是编译make,输入make
3、编译成功后就是安装,输入make install:
如果安装成功后再次输入make install就是如下内容:
4、安装成功,可以在install文件夹中查找到以下内容:
bin文件夹:librabbitmq.4.dll
include文件夹:amqp.h、amqp_framing.h、amqp_tcp_socket.h
lib文件夹:liblibrabbitmq.4.a、librabbitmq.4.dll.a
简单实例:(测试安装是否成功)
依然是根据GitHub上面的安装教程,后面接着的running the examples,不过它是用cmd命令行运行的,我直接在Qt中使用。
1、分别建两个工程,控制台类型,一个用来发送一个用来监听
2、分别在每个工程文件的文件夹里添加上三个头文件:amqp.h、amqp_framing.h、amqp_tcp_socket.h和一个静态库文件:librabbitmq.4.dll.a
3、分别在每个工程的.pro文件中添加
LIBS += -L$$PWD/ -lrabbitmq.4
“-L$$PWD”是当前目录,即main.cpp所在目录,因为我的librabbitmq.4.dll.a放在当前目录中,所以直接这么写就可以,注意:/后面可以有空格,但是-l和文件之间不能有空格,且文件名中的lib和.dll.a皆省略。
4、编译运行文件会发现不成功,但会生成一个工程文件夹,将librabbitmq.4.dll文件添加到生成的工程文件夹中的debug文件夹中去,再次编译运行即
运行结果:
运行出现的错误:
Logging in:socket is closed,两个可能:
1、检查hostname、prot、exchange、routingkey / bindingkey、user、psw,可能笔误写错。
2、主机的服务器没有开启,导致socket is closed,本例是使用localhost作为服务器,所以还需要在本地下载RabbitMQ的服务端,并打开使用才能成功运行。
rabbitmq-c的使用说明:
1、需要有主机名:hostname、端口号:port、交换机:exchange、路由钥匙:routingkey / 绑定钥匙:bindingkey、用户名:user、密码:psw,我们的实例中默认用户名和密码都是guest。
2、先建立TCP连接:
- conn = amqp_new_connection();
- socket = amqp_tcp_socket_new(conn);
3、打开建立的TCP连接,使用socket,主机名和端口号:
status = amqp_socket_open(socket, hostname, port);
4、登录:
amqp_login(conn, "/", 0, 131072, 0, AMQP_SASL_METHOD_PLAIN, "guest", "guest");
5、打开信道:
- amqp_channel_open(conn, 1);
- amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn);
6、开始发送或者监听消息
7、关闭信道、关闭连接、销毁连接:
- amqp_channel_close(conn, 1, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS);
- amqp_connection_close(conn, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS);
- amqp_destroy_connection(conn);
发送和监听的main.cpp文件分别是:
- //发送"Hello World!”消息
- #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
- #include <QDebug>
- //RabbitMQ相关头文件
- #include "amqp.h"
- #include "amqp_framing.h"
- #include "amqp_tcp_socket.h"
-
- void die_on_error(int x, char const *context)
- {
- if (x < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", context, amqp_error_string2(x));
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- void die_on_amqp_error(amqp_rpc_reply_t x, char const *context)
- {
- switch (x.reply_type) {
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_NORMAL:
- return;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_NONE:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing RPC reply type!\n", context);
- break;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_LIBRARY_EXCEPTION:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", context, amqp_error_string2(x.library_error));
- break;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_SERVER_EXCEPTION:
- switch (x.reply.id) {
- case AMQP_CONNECTION_CLOSE_METHOD: {
- amqp_connection_close_t *m = (amqp_connection_close_t *) x.reply.decoded;
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: server connection error %uh, message: %.*s\n",
- context,
- m->reply_code,
- (int) m->reply_text.len, (char *) m->reply_text.bytes);
- break;
- }
- case AMQP_CHANNEL_CLOSE_METHOD: {
- amqp_channel_close_t *m = (amqp_channel_close_t *) x.reply.decoded;
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: server channel error %uh, message: %.*s\n",
- context,
- m->reply_code,
- (int) m->reply_text.len, (char *) m->reply_text.bytes);
- break;
- }
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown server error, method id 0x%08X\n", context, x.reply.id);
- break;
- }
- break;
- }
-
- exit(1);
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
- //RabbitMQ start
- char const *hostname;
- int port, status;
- char const *exchange;
- char const *routingkey;
- char const *messagebody;
- amqp_socket_t *socket;
- amqp_connection_state_t conn;
-
- hostname = "localhost";
- port = 5672;
- exchange = "amq.direct";
- routingkey = "test";
- messagebody = "Hello World!";
-
- conn = amqp_new_connection();
-
- socket = amqp_tcp_socket_new(conn);
- if (!socket) {
- qDebug() << "creating TCP socket";
- }
-
- status = amqp_socket_open(socket, hostname, port);
- if (status) {
- qDebug() << "opening TCP socket";
- }
-
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_login(conn, "/", 0, 131072, 0, AMQP_SASL_METHOD_PLAIN, "guest", "guest"),
- "Logging in");
- amqp_channel_open(conn, 1);
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn), "Opening channel");
-
- {
- amqp_basic_properties_t props;
- props._flags = AMQP_BASIC_CONTENT_TYPE_FLAG | AMQP_BASIC_DELIVERY_MODE_FLAG;
- props.content_type = amqp_cstring_bytes("text/plain");
- props.delivery_mode = 2; /* persistent delivery mode */
- die_on_error(amqp_basic_publish(conn,
- 1,
- amqp_cstring_bytes(exchange),
- amqp_cstring_bytes(routingkey),
- 0,
- 0,
- &props,
- amqp_cstring_bytes(messagebody)),
- "Publishing");
- }
-
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_channel_close(conn, 1, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS), "Closing channel");
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_connection_close(conn, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS), "Closing connection");
- die_on_error(amqp_destroy_connection(conn), "Ending connection");
- //RabbitMQ end
-
- return a.exec();
- }
- //监听“Hello World!”消息
- #include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>
- #include <QDebug>
- //RabbitMQ相关头文件
- #include "amqp.h"
- #include "amqp_framing.h"
- #include "amqp_tcp_socket.h"
-
- void die_on_error(int x, char const *context)
- {
- if (x < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", context, amqp_error_string2(x));
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- void die_on_amqp_error(amqp_rpc_reply_t x, char const *context)
- {
- switch (x.reply_type) {
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_NORMAL:
- return;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_NONE:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing RPC reply type!\n", context);
- break;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_LIBRARY_EXCEPTION:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", context, amqp_error_string2(x.library_error));
- break;
-
- case AMQP_RESPONSE_SERVER_EXCEPTION:
- switch (x.reply.id) {
- case AMQP_CONNECTION_CLOSE_METHOD: {
- amqp_connection_close_t *m = (amqp_connection_close_t *) x.reply.decoded;
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: server connection error %uh, message: %.*s\n",
- context,
- m->reply_code,
- (int) m->reply_text.len, (char *) m->reply_text.bytes);
- break;
- }
- case AMQP_CHANNEL_CLOSE_METHOD: {
- amqp_channel_close_t *m = (amqp_channel_close_t *) x.reply.decoded;
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: server channel error %uh, message: %.*s\n",
- context,
- m->reply_code,
- (int) m->reply_text.len, (char *) m->reply_text.bytes);
- break;
- }
- default:
- fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown server error, method id 0x%08X\n", context, x.reply.id);
- break;
- }
- break;
- }
-
- exit(1);
- }
-
- static void dump_row(long count, int numinrow, int *chs)
- {
- int i;
-
- printf("%08lX:", count - numinrow);
-
- if (numinrow > 0) {
- for (i = 0; i < numinrow; i++) {
- if (i == 8) {
- printf(" :");
- }
- printf(" %02X", chs[i]);
- }
- for (i = numinrow; i < 16; i++) {
- if (i == 8) {
- printf(" :");
- }
- printf(" ");
- }
- printf(" ");
- for (i = 0; i < numinrow; i++) {
- if (isprint(chs[i])) {
- printf("%c", chs[i]);
- } else {
- printf(".");
- }
- }
- }
- printf("\n");
- }
-
- static int rows_eq(int *a, int *b)
- {
- int i;
-
- for (i=0; i<16; i++)
- if (a[i] != b[i]) {
- return 0;
- }
-
- return 1;
- }
-
- void amqp_dump(void const *buffer, size_t len)
- {
- unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *) buffer;
- long count = 0;
- int numinrow = 0;
- int chs[16];
- int oldchs[16] = {0};
- int showed_dots = 0;
- size_t i;
-
- for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
- int ch = buf[i];
-
- if (numinrow == 16) {
- int j;
-
- if (rows_eq(oldchs, chs)) {
- if (!showed_dots) {
- showed_dots = 1;
- printf(" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. : .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..\n");
- }
- } else {
- showed_dots = 0;
- dump_row(count, numinrow, chs);
- }
-
- for (j=0; j<16; j++) {
- oldchs[j] = chs[j];
- }
-
- numinrow = 0;
- }
-
- count++;
- chs[numinrow++] = ch;
- }
-
- dump_row(count, numinrow, chs);
-
- if (numinrow != 0) {
- printf("%08lX:\n", count);
- }
- }
-
- int main(int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
-
- //RabbitMQ start
- char const *hostname;
- int port, status;
- char const *exchange;
- char const *bindingkey;
- amqp_socket_t *socket = NULL;
- amqp_connection_state_t conn;
-
- amqp_bytes_t queuename;
-
- hostname = "localhost";
- port = 5672;
- exchange = "amq.direct";
- bindingkey = "test";
-
- conn = amqp_new_connection();
-
- socket = amqp_tcp_socket_new(conn);
- if (!socket) {
- qDebug() << "creating TCP socket";
- }
-
- status = amqp_socket_open(socket, hostname, port);
- if (status) {
- qDebug() << "opening TCP socket";
- }
-
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_login(conn, "/", 0, 131072, 0, AMQP_SASL_METHOD_PLAIN, "guest", "guest"),
- "Logging in");
- amqp_channel_open(conn, 1);
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn), "Opening channel");
-
- //大括号指明变量的作用域
- {
- amqp_queue_declare_ok_t *r = amqp_queue_declare(conn, 1, amqp_empty_bytes, 0, 0, 0, 1,
- amqp_empty_table);
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn), "Declaring queue");
- queuename = amqp_bytes_malloc_dup(r->queue);
- if (queuename.bytes == NULL) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory while copying queue name");
- return 1;
- }
- }
-
- amqp_queue_bind(conn, 1, queuename, amqp_cstring_bytes(exchange), amqp_cstring_bytes(bindingkey),
- amqp_empty_table);
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn), "Binding queue");
-
- amqp_basic_consume(conn, 1, queuename, amqp_empty_bytes, 0, 1, 0, amqp_empty_table);
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_get_rpc_reply(conn), "Consuming");
-
- {
- for (;;) {
- amqp_rpc_reply_t res;
- amqp_envelope_t envelope;
-
- amqp_maybe_release_buffers(conn);
-
- res = amqp_consume_message(conn, &envelope, NULL, 0);
-
- if (AMQP_RESPONSE_NORMAL != res.reply_type) {
- break;
- }
-
- printf("Delivery %u, exchange %.*s routingkey %.*s\n",
- (unsigned) envelope.delivery_tag,
- (int) envelope.exchange.len, (char *) envelope.exchange.bytes,
- (int) envelope.routing_key.len, (char *) envelope.routing_key.bytes);
-
- if (envelope.message.properties._flags & AMQP_BASIC_CONTENT_TYPE_FLAG) {
- printf("Content-type: %.*s\n",
- (int) envelope.message.properties.content_type.len,
- (char *) envelope.message.properties.content_type.bytes);
- }
- printf("----\n");
-
- amqp_dump(envelope.message.body.bytes, envelope.message.body.len);
-
- amqp_destroy_envelope(&envelope);
- }
- }
-
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_channel_close(conn, 1, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS), "Closing channel");
- die_on_amqp_error(amqp_connection_close(conn, AMQP_REPLY_SUCCESS), "Closing connection");
- die_on_error(amqp_destroy_connection(conn), "Ending connection");
- //RabbitMQ end
-
- return a.exec();
- }
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