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什么叫做分布式锁呢?
比如说"进程1"在使用该资源的时候,会先去获得锁,"进程1"获得锁以后会对该资源保持独占,这样其他进程就无法访问该资源,"进程1"用完该资源以后就将锁释放掉,让其他进程来获得锁,那么通过这个锁机制,我们就能保证了分布式系统中多个进程能够有序的访问该临界资源。那么我们把这个分布式环境下的这个锁叫作分布式锁。
1)接收到请求后,在/locks节点下创建一个临时顺序节点
2)判断自己是不是当前节点下最小的节点:是,获取到锁;不是,对前一个节点进行监听
3)获取到锁,处理完业务后,delete节点释放锁,然后下面的节点将收到通知,重复第二步判断
使⽤zookeeper实现分布式锁的算法流程,假设锁空间的根节点为/lock:
0000000000,第⼆个为/lock/lock-0000000001,以此类推。
是则认为获得锁,否则监听刚好在⾃⼰之前⼀位的⼦节点删除消息,获得⼦节点变更通知后重复此步骤直⾄
获得锁;
执⾏业务代码;
完成业务流程后,删除对应的⼦节点释放锁。
1)分布式锁实现
package com.wolffy.zookeeper.zklock; import org.apache.zookeeper.*; import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; public class DistributedLock { // zookeeper server列表 private String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181"; // 超时时间 private int sessionTimeout = 2000; private ZooKeeper zk; private String rootNode = "locks"; private String subNode = "seq-"; // 当前client等待的子节点 private String waitPath; //ZooKeeper连接 private CountDownLatch connectLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); //ZooKeeper节点等待 private CountDownLatch waitLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); // 当前client创建的子节点 private String currentNode; // 和zk服务建立连接,并创建根节点 public DistributedLock() throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException { zk = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() { @Override public void process(WatchedEvent event) { // 连接建立时, 打开latch, 唤醒wait在该latch上的线程 if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { connectLatch.countDown(); } // 发生了waitPath的删除事件 if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeDeleted && event.getPath().equals(waitPath)) { waitLatch.countDown(); } } }); // 等待连接建立 connectLatch.await(); //获取根节点状态 Stat stat = zk.exists("/" + rootNode, false); //如果根节点不存在,则创建根节点,根节点类型为永久节点 if (stat == null) { System.out.println("根节点不存在"); zk.create("/" + rootNode, new byte[0], ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } } // 加锁方法 public void zkLock() { try { //在根节点下创建临时顺序节点,返回值为创建的节点路径 currentNode = zk.create("/" + rootNode + "/" + subNode, null, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL); // wait一小会, 让结果更清晰一些 Thread.sleep(10); // 注意, 没有必要监听"/locks"的子节点的变化情况 List<String> childrenNodes = zk.getChildren("/" + rootNode, false); // 列表中只有一个子节点, 那肯定就是currentNode , 说明client获得锁 if (childrenNodes.size() == 1) { return; } else { //对根节点下的所有临时顺序节点进行从小到大排序 Collections.sort(childrenNodes); //当前节点名称 String thisNode = currentNode.substring(("/" + rootNode + "/").length()); //获取当前节点的位置 int index = childrenNodes.indexOf(thisNode); if (index == -1) { System.out.println("数据异常"); } else if (index == 0) { // index == 0, 说明thisNode在列表中最小, 当前client获得锁 return; } else { // 获得排名比currentNode 前1位的节点 this.waitPath = "/" + rootNode + "/" + childrenNodes.get(index - 1); // 在waitPath上注册监听器, 当waitPath被删除时, zookeeper会回调监听器的process方法 zk.getData(waitPath, true, new Stat()); //进入等待锁状态 waitLatch.await(); return; } } } catch (KeeperException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 解锁方法 public void zkUnlock() { try { zk.delete(this.currentNode, -1); } catch (InterruptedException | KeeperException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2)分布式锁测试
(1)创建两个线程
package com.wolffy.zookeeper.zklock; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException; import java.io.IOException; public class DistributedLockTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, IOException, KeeperException { // 创建分布式锁1 final DistributedLock lock1 = new DistributedLock(); // 创建分布式锁2 final DistributedLock lock2 = new DistributedLock(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // 获取锁对象 try { lock1.zkLock(); System.out.println("线程1获取锁"); Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); lock1.zkUnlock(); System.out.println("线程1释放锁"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // 获取锁对象 try { lock2.zkLock(); System.out.println("线程2获取锁"); Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); lock2.zkUnlock(); System.out.println("线程2释放锁"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } }
(2)观察控制台变化:
线程1获取锁
线程1释放锁
线程2获取锁
线程2释放锁
1)原生的Java API开发存在的问题
(1)会话连接是异步的,需要自己去处理。比如使用CountDownLatch
(2)Watch需要重复注册,不然就不能生效
(3)开发的复杂性还是比较高的
(4)不支持多节点删除和创建。需要自己去递归
2)Curator是一个专门解决分布式锁的框架,解决了原生JavaAPI开发分布式遇到的问题。
详情请查看官方文档:https://curator.apache.org/index.html
3)Curator案例实操
(1)添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-framework</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-recipes</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.curator</groupId>
<artifactId>curator-client</artifactId>
<version>4.3.0</version>
</dependency>
(2)代码实现
package com.wolffy.zookeeper.zkcurator; import org.apache.curator.RetryPolicy; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFramework; import org.apache.curator.framework.CuratorFrameworkFactory; import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessLock; import org.apache.curator.framework.recipes.locks.InterProcessMutex; import org.apache.curator.retry.ExponentialBackoffRetry; public class CuratorLockTest { private String rootNode = "/locks"; // zookeeper server列表 private String connectString = "hadoop102:2181,hadoop103:2181,hadoop104:2181"; // connection超时时间 private int connectionTimeout = 2000; // session超时时间 private int sessionTimeout = 2000; public static void main(String[] args) { new CuratorLockTest().test(); } // 测试 private void test() { // 创建分布式锁1 final InterProcessLock lock1 = new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(), rootNode); // 创建分布式锁2 final InterProcessLock lock2 = new InterProcessMutex(getCuratorFramework(), rootNode); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // 获取锁对象 try { lock1.acquire(); System.out.println("线程1获取锁"); // 测试锁重入 lock1.acquire(); System.out.println("线程1再次获取锁"); Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); lock1.release(); System.out.println("线程1释放锁"); lock1.release(); System.out.println("线程1再次释放锁"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { // 获取锁对象 try { lock2.acquire(); System.out.println("线程2获取锁"); // 测试锁重入 lock2.acquire(); System.out.println("线程2再次获取锁"); Thread.sleep(5 * 1000); lock2.release(); System.out.println("线程2释放锁"); lock2.release(); System.out.println("线程2再次释放锁"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }).start(); } // 分布式锁初始化 public CuratorFramework getCuratorFramework (){ //重试策略,初试时间3秒,重试3次 RetryPolicy policy = new ExponentialBackoffRetry(3000, 3); //通过工厂创建Curator CuratorFramework client = CuratorFrameworkFactory.builder() .connectString(connectString) .connectionTimeoutMs(connectionTimeout) .sessionTimeoutMs(sessionTimeout) .retryPolicy(policy).build(); //开启连接 client.start(); System.out.println("zookeeper 初始化完成..."); return client; } }
(2)观察控制台变化:
线程1获取锁
线程1再次获取锁
线程1释放锁
线程1再次释放锁
线程2获取锁
线程2再次获取锁
线程2释放锁
线程2再次释放锁
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