Django中图形验证码(django-simple-captcha)

作者：人工智能uu | 2024-08-15 09:45:04

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django-simple-captcha

在网站开发的登录页面中，经常会需要使用到图形验证码来验证。在Django中，django-simple-captcha库包提供了图形验证码的使用。

下面我们来讲讲如何使用django-simple-captcha包来图形验证，并且点击图片刷新验证码。

django-simple-captcha的安装

pip install django-simple-captcha

在settings.py文件中注册captcha


INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'captcha'
]

在settings.py文件中设置图形验证码的样式


#字母验证码
CAPTCHA_IMAGE_SIZE = (80, 45)   # 设置 captcha 图片大小
CAPTCHA_LENGTH = 4   # 字符个数
CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT = 1   # 超时(minutes)
 
 
#加减乘除验证码
CAPTCHA_OUTPUT_FORMAT = '%(image)s %(text_field)s %(hidden_field)s '
CAPTCHA_NOISE_FUNCTIONS = ('captcha.helpers.noise_null', 
     'captcha.helpers.noise_arcs', # 线
     'captcha.helpers.noise_dots', # 点
)
CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.random_char_challenge'
CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.math_challenge'
CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT = 1
'运行

执行数据迁移，在数据表中生成captcha_captchastore表

python manage.py migrate

在urls.py中添加路由


urlpatterns = [
    path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),       # 图片验证码 路由
    path('refresh_captcha/', views.refresh_captcha),    # 刷新验证码，ajax
]

下面是源代码。

urls.py文件


from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import include
from App.views import IndexView
from App import views
 
urlpatterns = [
    path('captcha/', include('captcha.urls')),
    path('refresh_captcha/',views.refresh_captcha),
    path('',IndexView.as_view()),
]

views.py文件


from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import  captcha_image_url
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json
 
# 创建验证码
def captcha():
    hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key()   #验证码答案
    image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey)  #验证码地址
    captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
    return captcha
#刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
    return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type='application/json')
# 验证验证码
def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey):
    if captchaStr and captchaHashkey:
        try:
            # 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值
            get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey)
            if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower():     # 如果验证码匹配
                return True
        except:
            return False
    else:
        return False
class IndexView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key()  # 验证码答案
        image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey)  # 验证码地址
        captcha = {'hashkey': hashkey, 'image_url': image_url}
        return render(request, "login.html", locals())
    def post(self,request):
        capt=request.POST.get("captcha",None)         #用户提交的验证码
        key=request.POST.get("hashkey",None)          #验证码答案
        if jarge_captcha(capt,key):
            return  HttpResponse("验证码正确")
        else:
            return HttpResponse("验证码错误")

login.html文件，这里使用 js 动态刷新图形验证码用到了jquery和bootstrap的js，所以，我们提前将jquery和bootstrap放在了static文件夹下。关于如何加载静态文件，传送门——>Django加载静态文件


{% load static %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="{% static 'bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js' %}"></script>
    <script src="{% static 'bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js'%}"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="/" method="post">
        <a href="#" class="captcha">
            <img src="{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt="点击切换" id="id_captcha" >
        </a> <br>
        <input type="text" name="captcha" placeholder="验证码"> <br>
        <input value="{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name="hashkey" type="hidden" id="id_captcha_0">
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block ">提交</button>
    </form>
<script>
        <!-- 动态刷新验证码js -->
        $(document).ready(function(){
            $('.captcha').click(function () {
                $.getJSON("refresh_captcha/", function (result) {
                    $('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']);
                    $('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey'])
                });
            });
        });
</script>
</body>
</html>

参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37648632/article/details/83149803

本文所有代码：https://github.com/xie1997/Django_captcha

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