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为了更规范的管理手机存储空间,Android从7.0开始将存储卡划分为私有存储和公共存储两大部分,也就是分区存储方式,系统给每个App都分配了默认的私有存储空间,App在私有空间上读写文件无须任何授权,但是若想在公共空间读写文件,则要在AndroidManifest.xml里面添加权限配置,并且即使App声明了完整的存储卡操作权限,系统仍然默认禁止该App访问公共空间,打开系统的系统设置界面,进入到具体应用的管理页面,然后打开该应用的存储访问权限。
既然存储卡分为公共空间和私有空间两部分,它们的空间路径获取也就有所不同。如下图所示
- package com.example.chapter06;
-
- import android.os.Build;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
-
- public class FilePathActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_file_path);
- TextView tv_path = findViewById(R.id.tv_path);
- // Android7.0之后默认禁止访问公共存储目录
- // 获取系统的公共存储路径
- String publicPath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString();
- // 获取当前App的私有存储路径
- String privatePath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString();
- boolean isLegacy = true;
- if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) {
- // Android10的存储空间默认采取分区方式,此处判断是传统方式还是分区方式
- isLegacy = Environment.isExternalStorageLegacy();
- }
- String desc = "系统的公共存储路径位于" + publicPath +
- "\n\n当前App的私有存储路径位于" + privatePath +
- "\n\nAndroid7.0之后默认禁止访问公共存储目录" +
- "\n\n当前App的存储空间采取" + (isLegacy?"传统方式":"分区方式");
- tv_path.setText(desc);
- }
-
- }
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:padding="5dp" >
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_path"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- </LinearLayout>
文本文件的读写借助于文件IO流FileOutputStream和FileInputStream 效果如下
一键删除后效果如下
- package com.example.chapter06;
-
- import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
-
- import com.example.chapter06.util.FileUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.ToastUtil;
-
- import java.io.File;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- @SuppressLint("SetTextI18n")
- public class FileReadActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private final static String TAG = "FileReadActivity";
- private TextView tv_content;
- private String mPath; // 私有目录路径
- private List<File> mFilelist = new ArrayList<File>();
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_file_read);
- tv_content = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
- findViewById(R.id.btn_delete).setOnClickListener(this);
- // 获取当前App的私有下载目录
- mPath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString() + "/";
- showFileContent(); // 显示最新的文本文件内容
- }
-
- // 显示最新的文本文件内容
- private void showFileContent() {
- // 获得指定目录下面的所有文本文件
- mFilelist = FileUtil.getFileList(mPath, new String[]{".txt"});
- if (mFilelist.size() > 0) {
- // 打开并显示选中的文本文件内容
- String file_path = mFilelist.get(0).getAbsolutePath();
- String content = FileUtil.openText(file_path);
- String desc = String.format("找到最新的文本文件,路径为%s,内容如下:\n%s",
- file_path, content);
- tv_content.setText(desc);
- } else {
- tv_content.setText("私有目录下未找到任何文本文件");
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_delete) {
- for (int i = 0; i < mFilelist.size(); i++) {
- String file_path = mFilelist.get(i).getAbsolutePath();
- File f = new File(file_path);
- if (!f.delete()) {
- Log.d(TAG, "file_path=" + file_path + ", delete failed");
- }
- }
- ToastUtil.show(this, "已删除私有目录下的所有文本文件");
- }
- }
-
- }
- package com.example.chapter06;
-
- import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.text.TextUtils;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.CheckBox;
- import android.widget.CompoundButton;
- import android.widget.EditText;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
-
- import com.example.chapter06.util.DateUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.FileUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.ToastUtil;
-
- @SuppressLint("SetTextI18n")
- public class FileWriteActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener, CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener {
- private EditText et_name;
- private EditText et_age;
- private EditText et_height;
- private EditText et_weight;
- private boolean bMarried = false;
- private String[] typeArray = {"未婚", "已婚"};
- private String mPath; // 私有目录路径
- private TextView tv_path;
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_file_write);
- et_name = findViewById(R.id.et_name);
- et_age = findViewById(R.id.et_age);
- et_height = findViewById(R.id.et_height);
- et_weight = findViewById(R.id.et_weight);
- tv_path = findViewById(R.id.tv_path);
- CheckBox ck_married = findViewById(R.id.ck_married);
- ck_married.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
- findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);
- // 获取当前App的私有下载目录
- mPath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString() + "/";
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
- bMarried = isChecked;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_save) {
- String name = et_name.getText().toString();
- String age = et_age.getText().toString();
- String height = et_height.getText().toString();
- String weight = et_weight.getText().toString();
- if (TextUtils.isEmpty(name)) {
- ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写姓名");
- return;
- } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(age)) {
- ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写年龄");
- return;
- } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(height)) {
- ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写身高");
- return;
- } else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(weight)) {
- ToastUtil.show(this, "请先填写体重");
- return;
- }
- String content = String.format(" 姓名:%s\n 年龄:%s\n 身高:%scm\n 体重:%skg\n 婚否:%s\n 注册时间:%s\n",
- name, age, height, weight, typeArray[bMarried?1:0], DateUtil.getNowDateTime("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
- String file_path = mPath + DateUtil.getNowDateTime("") + ".txt";
- FileUtil.saveText(file_path, content); // 把字符串内容保存为文本文件
- tv_path.setText("用户注册信息文件的保存路径为:\n" + file_path);
- ToastUtil.show(this, "数据已写入存储卡文件");
- }
- }
-
- }
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:padding="5dp" >
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="删除所有文本文件"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- </LinearLayout>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:padding="5dp" >
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="40dp" >
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_name"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="姓名:"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_name"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
- android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
- android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_name"
- android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
- android:gravity="left|center"
- android:hint="请输入姓名"
- android:inputType="text"
- android:maxLength="12"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="40dp" >
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_age"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="年龄:"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_age"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
- android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
- android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_age"
- android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
- android:gravity="left|center"
- android:hint="请输入年龄"
- android:inputType="number"
- android:maxLength="2"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="40dp" >
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_height"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="身高:"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_height"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
- android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
- android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_height"
- android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
- android:gravity="left|center"
- android:hint="请输入身高"
- android:inputType="number"
- android:maxLength="3"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="40dp" >
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_weight"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:text="体重:"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <EditText
- android:id="@+id/et_weight"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:layout_marginBottom="3dp"
- android:layout_marginTop="3dp"
- android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_weight"
- android:background="@drawable/editext_selector"
- android:gravity="left|center"
- android:hint="请输入体重"
- android:inputType="numberDecimal"
- android:maxLength="5"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
-
- <RelativeLayout
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="40dp" >
-
- <CheckBox
- android:id="@+id/ck_married"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:gravity="center"
- android:checked="false"
- android:text="已婚"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
- </RelativeLayout>
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_save"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="保存文本到存储卡"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_path"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- </LinearLayout>
文本文件读写可以转换为对字符串的读写,而图片文件保存的是图像数据,需要专门的位图工具Bitmap处理,位图对象依据来源不同又分成3种获取方式,分别对应位图工厂BitmapFactory的下列三种方法
1:decodeResource 从指定路径的文件种获取位图数据
2:decodeFile 从指定路径的文件中获取位图数据
3:decodeStream 从指定的输入流中获取位图数据
- package com.example.chapter06;
-
- import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
-
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- import com.example.chapter06.util.DateUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.FileUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.ToastUtil;
-
- public class ImageWriteActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private ImageView iv_content;
- private TextView tv_path;
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_image_write);
- iv_content = findViewById(R.id.iv_content);
- iv_content.setImageResource(R.drawable.vivo); // 设置图像视图的图片资源
- tv_path = findViewById(R.id.tv_path);
- findViewById(R.id.btn_save).setOnClickListener(this);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_save) {
- // 获取当前App的私有下载目录
- String path = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString() + "/";
- // 从指定的资源文件中获取位图对象
- Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.huawei);
- String file_path = path + DateUtil.getNowDateTime("") + ".jpeg";
- FileUtil.saveImage(file_path, bitmap); // 把位图对象保存为图片文件
- tv_path.setText("图片文件的保存路径为:\n" + file_path);
- ToastUtil.show(this, "图片已写入存储卡文件");
- }
- }
-
- }
- package com.example.chapter06;
-
- import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
-
- import android.graphics.Bitmap;
- import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
- import android.net.Uri;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Environment;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- import com.example.chapter06.util.FileUtil;
- import com.example.chapter06.util.ToastUtil;
-
- import java.io.File;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- public class ImageReadActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
- private final static String TAG = "ImageReadActivity";
- private TextView tv_content;
- private ImageView iv_content;
- private String mPath; // 私有目录路径
- private List<File> mFilelist = new ArrayList<File>();
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_image_read);
- tv_content = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
- iv_content = findViewById(R.id.iv_content);
- findViewById(R.id.btn_delete).setOnClickListener(this);
- // 获取当前App的私有下载目录
- mPath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS).toString() + "/";
- showFileContent(); // 显示最新的图片文件内容
- }
-
- // 显示最新的图片文件内容
- private void showFileContent() {
- // 获得指定目录下面的所有图片文件
- mFilelist = FileUtil.getFileList(mPath, new String[]{".jpeg"});
- if (mFilelist.size() > 0) {
- // 打开并显示选中的图片文件内容
- String file_path = mFilelist.get(0).getAbsolutePath();
- tv_content.setText("找到最新的图片文件,路径为"+file_path);
- // 显示存储卡图片文件的第一种方式:直接调用setImageURI方法
- //iv_content.setImageURI(Uri.parse(file_path)); // 设置图像视图的路径对象
- // 第二种方式:先调用BitmapFactory.decodeFile获得位图,再调用setImageBitmap方法
- //Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(file_path);
- //iv_content.setImageBitmap(bitmap); // 设置图像视图的位图对象
- // 第三种方式:先调用FileUtil.openImage获得位图,再调用setImageBitmap方法
- Bitmap bitmap = FileUtil.openImage(file_path);
- iv_content.setImageBitmap(bitmap); // 设置图像视图的位图对象
- } else {
- tv_content.setText("私有目录下未找到任何图片文件");
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v.getId() == R.id.btn_delete) {
- for (int i = 0; i < mFilelist.size(); i++) {
- // 获取该文件的绝对路径字符串
- String file_path = mFilelist.get(i).getAbsolutePath();
- File f = new File(file_path);
- if (!f.delete()) { // 删除文件,并判断是否成功删除
- Log.d(TAG, "file_path=" + file_path + ", delete failed");
- }
- }
- ToastUtil.show(this, "已删除私有目录下的所有图片文件");
- }
- }
-
- }
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:padding="5dp" >
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_delete"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="删除所有图片文件"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/iv_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="250dp"
- android:scaleType="fitCenter" />
-
- </LinearLayout>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- android:padding="5dp" >
-
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/iv_content"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="250dp"
- android:scaleType="fitCenter" />
-
- <Button
- android:id="@+id/btn_save"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:text="把资源图片保存到存储卡"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv_path"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:textColor="@color/black"
- android:textSize="17sp" />
-
- </LinearLayout>
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