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Prometheus监控实战之Prometheus监控K8S_prometheus监控pod
作者：从前慢现在也慢 | 2024-03-30 03:10:30
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prometheus监控pod
1 监控方案
Cadvisor + node-exporter + prometheus + grafana
- Cadvisor：数据采集
- node-exporter：汇总
- prometheus：处理、存储
- grafana：展示
2 监控流程
- 容器监控：Prometheus使用cadvisor采集容器监控指标，而
cadvisor集成在K8S的kubelet中所以无需部署，通过Prometheus进程存储，使用grafana进行展示。 - node节点监控：node端的监控通过
node_exporter采集当前主机的资源，通过Prometheus进程存储，最后使用grafana进行展示。 - master节点监控：master的监控通过
kube-state-metrics插件从K8S获取到apiserver的相关数据并通过网页页面暴露出来，然后通过Prometheus进程存储，最后使用grafana进行展示
3 Kubernetes监控指标
3.1 K8S自身监控指标
- node资源利用率：监控node节点上的cpu、内存、硬盘等硬件资源
- node数量：监控node数量与资源利用率、业务负载的比例情况，对成本、资源扩展进行评估
- pod数量：监控当负载到一定程度时，node与pod的数量。评估负载到哪个阶段，大约需要多少服务器，以及每个pod的资源占用率，然后进行整体评估
- 资源对象状态：在K8S运行过程中，会创建很多pod、控制器、任务等，这些内容都是由K8S中的资源对象进行维护，所以可以对资源对象进行监控，获取资源对象的状态
3.2 Pod的监控
- 每个项目中pod的数量：分别监控正常、有问题的pod数量
- 容器资源利用率：统计当前pod的资源利用率，统计pod中的容器资源利用率，结合cpu、网络、内存进行评估
- 应用程序：监控项目中程序的自身情况，例如并发、请求响应等
| 监控指标 | 具体实现 | 案例 |
|---|---|---|
| Pod性能 | cadvisor | 容器的CPU、内存利用率 |
| Node性能 | node-exporter | node节点的CPU、内存利用率 |
| K8S资源对象 | kube-state-metrics | pod、deployment、service |
4 服务发现
从k8s的api中发现抓取的目标，并且始终与k8s集群状态保持一致。动态获取被抓取的目标，实时从api中获取当前状态是否存在，此过程为服务发现。
自动发现支持的组件：
- node：自动发现集群中的node节点
- pod：自动发现运行的容器和端口
- service：自动发现创建的serviceIP、端口
- endpoints：自动发现pod中的容器
- ingress：自动发现创建的访问入口和规则
5 Prometheus监控Kubernetes部署实践
5.1 部署准备
案例仅在master节点pull image
- [root@master ~]# git clone https://github.com/redhatxl/k8s-prometheus-grafana.git #这个仓库的yaml有几个错误，在本文章末尾已经改过来了，可以直接使用末尾的yaml文件
- Cloning into 'k8s-prometheus-grafana'...
- remote: Enumerating objects: 21, done.
- remote: Total 21 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 21
- Unpacking objects: 100% (21/21), done.
- [root@master ~]# ll
- total 24
- drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 94 Jul 12 16:07 k8s-prometheus-grafana #克隆的目录
-
- #在所有节点提前下载镜像
- [root@master ~]# docker pull prom/node-exporter
- [root@master ~]# docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
- [root@master ~]# docker pull grafana/grafana:6.1.4
5.2 采用daemonset方式部署node-exporter
- [root@master ~]# cd k8s-prometheus-grafana/
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# ll
- total 8
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 81 Jul 12 16:07 grafana
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 668 Jul 12 16:07 node-exporter.yaml
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 106 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 117 Jul 12 16:07 README.md
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# cat node-exporter.yaml
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: node-exporter
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- spec:
- containers:
- - image: prom/node-exporter
- name: node-exporter
- ports:
- - containerPort: 9100
- protocol: TCP
- name: http
- ---
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Service
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- name: node-exporter
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- ports:
- - name: http
- port: 9100
- nodePort: 31672
- protocol: TCP
- type: NodePort
- selector:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
-
-
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml
- daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
- service/node-exporter created
-
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get pods -A
- NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- default recycler-for-prometheus-data 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 5m42s
- kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-m986g 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-xhknw 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 2 29h
- kube-system kube-flannel-ds-ln5f6 1/1 Running 0 26h
- kube-system kube-flannel-ds-zhq42 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system kube-proxy-9bssw 1/1 Running 0 26h
- kube-system kube-proxy-wcdzk 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 3 29h
- kube-system node-exporter-bnkm8 1/1 Running 0 2m19s #这就是新创建的
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get daemonset -A
- NAMESPACE NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
- kube-system kube-flannel-ds 2 2 2 2 2 <none> 29h
- kube-system kube-proxy 2 2 2 2 2 kubernetes.io/os=linux 29h
- kube-system node-exporter 1 1 1 1 1 <none> 2m23s #这个是新的daemonset
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get service -A
- NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29h
- kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 29h
- kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 2m29s #这是新的service
5.3 部署Prometheus
- [root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# cd prometheus/
- [root@master prometheus]# ll
- total 20
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5631 Jul 12 16:07 configmap.yaml
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1119 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus.deploy.yml
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus.svc.yml
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 716 Jul 12 16:07 rbac-setup.yaml
- [root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml
- clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus configured
- serviceaccount/prometheus configured
- clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus configured
- [root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml
- configmap/prometheus-config configured
- [root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml
- deployment.apps/prometheus created
- [root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml
- service/prometheus created
5.4 部署grafana
- [root@master prometheus]# cd ../grafana/
- [root@master grafana]# ll
- total 12
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1449 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-deploy.yaml
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-ing.yaml
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 225 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-svc.yaml
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml
- deployment.apps/grafana-core created
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml
- service/grafana created
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml
- ingress.extensions/grafana created
5.5 校验测试
1）查看pod/svc信息
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl get pods -A
- NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
- default recycler-for-prometheus-data 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2m7s
- kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-m986g 1/1 Running 0 30h
- kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-xhknw 1/1 Running 0 30h
- kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 30h
- kube-system grafana-core-768b6bf79c-wcmk9 1/1 Running 0 2m48s
- kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 30h
- kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 2 30h
- kube-system kube-flannel-ds-ln5f6 1/1 Running 0 26h
- kube-system kube-flannel-ds-zhq42 1/1 Running 0 29h
- kube-system kube-proxy-9bssw 1/1 Running 0 26h
- kube-system kube-proxy-wcdzk 1/1 Running 0 30h
- kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 3 30h
- kube-system node-exporter-bnkm8 1/1 Running 0 18m
- kube-system prometheus-7486bf7f4b-f8k6x 1/1 Running 0 7m12s
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl get svc -A
- NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 30h
- kube-system grafana NodePort 172.16.198.56 <none> 3000:30931/TCP 5m15s #grafana端口30931
- kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 30h
- kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 22m #node-exporter端口31672
- kube-system prometheus NodePort 172.16.176.125 <none> 9090:30003/TCP 9m12s #prometheus端口30003
2）查看页面
访问http://10.10.11.202:31672/metrics，这是node-exporter采集的数据。
访问http://10.10.11.202:30003，这是Prometheus的页面，依次点击Status>Targets可以看到已经成功连接到k8s的apiserver。
访问http://10.10.11.202:30931，这是grafana的页面，账户、密码都是admin。
5.6 grafana模版配置
1）添加数据源，点击add，点击Prometheus
2）依次进行设置，这里的URL需要注意：
URL需要写成，service.namespace:port 的格式，例如：
- [root@master grafana]# kubectl get svc -A
- NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
- default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 46h
- kube-system grafana NodePort 172.16.195.186 <none> 3000:30931/TCP 4m16s
- kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 46h
- kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 17h
- kube-system prometheus NodePort 172.16.176.125 <none> 9090:30003/TCP 16h
- #以这里为例，namespace是kube-system,service是prometheus，pod端口是9090，那么最后的URL就是；
- http://prometheus.kube-system:9090
3）导入K8S Dashboard模板
4）name自定义，uid可以为空，会自己生成，然后选择数据源，选择刚才创建的Prometheus，最后点击import
5）效果图展示
6 yaml配置文件
6.1 node-exporter.yaml
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: DaemonSet
- metadata:
- name: node-exporter
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- spec:
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- spec:
- containers:
- - image: prom/node-exporter
- name: node-exporter
- ports:
- - containerPort: 9100
- protocol: TCP
- name: http
- ---
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Service
- metadata:
- labels:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
- name: node-exporter
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- ports:
- - name: http
- port: 9100
- nodePort: 31672
- protocol: TCP
- type: NodePort
- selector:
- k8s-app: node-exporter
6.2 rbac-setup.yaml
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
- kind: ClusterRole
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- rules:
- - apiGroups: [""]
- resources:
- - nodes
- - nodes/proxy
- - services
- - endpoints
- - pods
- verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- - apiGroups:
- - extensions
- resources:
- - ingresses
- verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- - nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
- verbs: ["get"]
- ---
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: ServiceAccount
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
- ---
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
- kind: ClusterRoleBinding
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- roleRef:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- kind: ClusterRole
- name: prometheus
- subjects:
- - kind: ServiceAccount
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
6.3 configmap.yaml
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
- kind: ClusterRole
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- rules:
- - apiGroups: [""]
- resources:
- - nodes
- - nodes/proxy
- - services
- - endpoints
- - pods
- verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- - apiGroups:
- - extensions
- resources:
- - ingresses
- verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- - nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
- verbs: ["get"]
- ---
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: ServiceAccount
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
- ---
- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
- kind: ClusterRoleBinding
- metadata:
- name: prometheus
- roleRef:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
- kind: ClusterRole
- name: prometheus
- subjects:
- - kind: ServiceAccount
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
- [root@master prometheus]#
- [root@master prometheus]# cat configmap.yaml
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: ConfigMap
- metadata:
- name: prometheus-config
- namespace: kube-system
- data:
- prometheus.yml: |
- global:
- scrape_interval: 15s
- evaluation_interval: 15s
- scrape_configs:
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: endpoints
- scheme: https
- tls_config:
- ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
- bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
- action: keep
- regex: default;kubernetes;https
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: node
- scheme: https
- tls_config:
- ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
- bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- relabel_configs:
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- - target_label: __address__
- replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
- regex: (.+)
- target_label: __metrics_path__
- replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: node
- scheme: https
- tls_config:
- ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
- bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
- relabel_configs:
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- - target_label: __address__
- replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
- regex: (.+)
- target_label: __metrics_path__
- replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: endpoints
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
- action: keep
- regex: true
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
- action: replace
- target_label: __scheme__
- regex: (https?)
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
- action: replace
- target_label: __metrics_path__
- regex: (.+)
- - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
- action: replace
- target_label: __address__
- regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
- replacement: $1:$2
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
- action: replace
- target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
- action: replace
- target_label: kubernetes_name
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: service
- metrics_path: /probe
- params:
- module: [http_2xx]
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
- action: keep
- regex: true
- - source_labels: [__address__]
- target_label: __param_target
- - target_label: __address__
- replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- - source_labels: [__param_target]
- target_label: instance
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
- target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
- target_label: kubernetes_name
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: ingress
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
- action: keep
- regex: true
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
- regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
- replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
- target_label: __param_target
- - target_label: __address__
- replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- - source_labels: [__param_target]
- target_label: instance
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
- target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
- target_label: kubernetes_name
-
- - job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
- kubernetes_sd_configs:
- - role: pod
- relabel_configs:
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
- action: keep
- regex: true
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
- action: replace
- target_label: __metrics_path__
- regex: (.+)
- - source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
- action: replace
- regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
- replacement: $1:$2
- target_label: __address__
- - action: labelmap
- regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
- action: replace
- target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
- action: replace
- target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
6.4 prometheus.deploy.yml
- ---
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: Deployment
- metadata:
- labels:
- name: prometheus-deployment
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- replicas: 1
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: prometheus
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- app: prometheus
- spec:
- containers:
- - image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
- name: prometheus
- command:
- - "/bin/prometheus"
- args:
- - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
- - "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
- - "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
- ports:
- - containerPort: 9090
- protocol: TCP
- volumeMounts:
- - mountPath: "/prometheus"
- name: data
- - mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
- name: config-volume
- resources:
- requests:
- cpu: 100m
- memory: 100Mi
- limits:
- cpu: 500m
- memory: 2500Mi
- serviceAccountName: prometheus
- volumes:
- - name: data
- emptyDir: {}
- - name: config-volume
- configMap:
- name: prometheus-config
6.5 prometheus.svc.yml
- ---
- kind: Service
- apiVersion: v1
- metadata:
- labels:
- app: prometheus
- name: prometheus
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- type: NodePort
- ports:
- - port: 9090
- targetPort: 9090
- nodePort: 30003
- selector:
- app: prometheus
6.6 grafana-deploy.yaml
- apiVersion: apps/v1
- kind: Deployment
- metadata:
- name: grafana-core
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- app: grafana
- component: core
- spec:
- replicas: 1
- selector:
- matchLabels:
- app: grafana
- template:
- metadata:
- labels:
- app: grafana
- component: core
- spec:
- containers:
- - image: grafana/grafana:6.1.4
- name: grafana-core
- imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
- # env:
- resources:
- # keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
- limits:
- cpu: 100m
- memory: 100Mi
- requests:
- cpu: 100m
- memory: 100Mi
- env:
- # The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
- - name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
- value: "true"
- - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
- value: "false"
- # - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
- # value: Admin
- # does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
- # - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
- # value: "true"
- readinessProbe:
- httpGet:
- path: /login
- port: 3000
- # initialDelaySeconds: 30
- # timeoutSeconds: 1
- #volumeMounts: #先不进行挂载
- #- name: grafana-persistent-storage
- # mountPath: /var
- #volumes:
- #- name: grafana-persistent-storage
- #emptyDir: {}
6.7 grafana-svc.yaml
- apiVersion: v1
- kind: Service
- metadata:
- name: grafana
- namespace: kube-system
- labels:
- app: grafana
- component: core
- spec:
- type: NodePort
- ports:
- - port: 3000
- selector:
- app: grafana
- component: core
6.8 grafana-svc.yaml
- apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
- kind: Ingress
- metadata:
- name: grafana
- namespace: kube-system
- spec:
- rules:
- - host: k8s.grafana
- http:
- paths:
- - path: /
- backend:
- serviceName: grafana
- servicePort: 3000
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