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3.1.1 分析spring-boot-starter-parent
3.1.2 分析spring-boot-starter-web
4.2.2 使用注解@ConfigurationProperties映射
5.1.8 在application.properties中添加mybatis的信息
5.3 SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA
5.3.3 在application.properties中配置数据库和jpa的相关属性
5.4.3 注入RedisTemplate测试redis操作
Spring是Java企业版(Java Enterprise Edition,JEE,也称J2EE)的轻量级代替品。无需开发重量级的Enterprise JavaBean(EJB),Spring为企业级Java开发提供了一种相对简单的方法,通过依赖注入和面向切面编程,用简单的Java对象(Plain Old Java Object,POJO)实现了EJB的功能。
虽然Spring的组件代码是轻量级的,但它的配置却是重量级的。一开始,Spring用XML配置,而且是很多XML配置。Spring 2.5引入了基于注解的组件扫描,这消除了大量针对应用程序自身组件的显式XML配置。Spring 3.0引入了基于Java的配置,这是一种类型安全的可重构配置方式,可以代替XML。
所有这些配置都代表了开发时的损耗。因为在思考Spring特性配置和解决业务问题之间需要进行思维切换,所以编写配置挤占了编写应用程序逻辑的时间。和所有框架一样,Spring实用,但与此同时它要求的回报也不少。
除此之外,项目的依赖管理也是一件耗时耗力的事情。在环境搭建时,需要分析要导入哪些库的坐标,而且还需要分析导入与之有依赖关系的其他库的坐标,一旦选错了依赖的版本,随之而来的不兼容问题就会严重阻碍项目的开发进度。
SpringBoot对上述Spring的缺点进行的改善和优化,基于约定优于配置的思想,可以让开发人员不必在配置与逻辑业务之间进行思维的切换,全身心的投入到逻辑业务的代码编写中,从而大大提高了开发的效率,一定程度上缩短了项目周期。
起步依赖本质上是一个Maven项目对象模型(Project Object Model,POM),定义了对其他库的传递依赖,这些东西加在一起即支持某项功能。
简单的说,起步依赖就是将具备某种功能的坐标打包到一起,并提供一些默认的功能。
Spring Boot的自动配置是一个运行时(更准确地说,是应用程序启动时)的过程,考虑了众多因素,才决定Spring配置应该用哪个,不该用哪个。该过程是Spring自动完成的。
使用idea工具创建一个maven工程,该工程为普通的java工程即可
SpringBoot要求,项目要继承SpringBoot的起步依赖spring-boot-starter-parent
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- </parent>
SpringBoot要集成SpringMVC进行Controller的开发,所以项目要导入web的启动依赖
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
要通过SpringBoot提供的引导类起步SpringBoot才可以进行访问,注意该类不能从组件的默认包启动,所以需要建立一个包,然后将引导类放入其中。
- package com.neuq;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
-
- /**
- * @Description TODO
- * @Author WS
- * @Date 2019/6/25 18:05
- * @Version 1.0
- **/
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class AppRun {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(AppRun.class,args);
- }
- }
在引导类MySpringBootApplication同级包或者子级包中创建LoginController
- package com.neuq.controller;
-
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
-
- /**
- * @Description TODO
- * @Author WS
- * @Date 2019/6/25 18:08
- * @Version 1.0
- **/
- @Controller
- public class LoginController {
- @RequestMapping("/login")
- @ResponseBody
- public String login(){
- return "login ok!";
- }
- }
执行SpringBoot起步类的主方法,控制台打印日志如下:
-
- . ____ _ __ _ _
- /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
- ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
- \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
- ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
- =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
- :: Spring Boot :: (v2.0.1.RELEASE)
-
- 2019-06-25 20:29:13.087 INFO 7760 --- [ main] com.neuq.AppRun : Starting AppRun on DESKTOP-EJQVC89 with PID 7760 (F:\IDEAworkplace\SpringBootTest\target\classes started by shun in F:\IDEAworkplace\SpringBootTest)
- 2019-06-25 20:29:13.092 INFO 7760 --- [ main] com.neuq.AppRun : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
- 2019-06-25 20:29:13.305 INFO 7760 --- [ main] ConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@448ff1a8: startup date [Tue Jun 25 20:29:13 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
- 2019-06-25 20:29:17.691 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
- 2019-06-25 20:29:17.741 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:17.741 INFO 7760 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.29
- 2019-06-25 20:29:17.765 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [F:\jdk1.8\bin;C:\WINDOWS\Sun\Java\bin;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;F:\jdk1.8\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files (x86)\NVIDIA Corporation\PhysX\Common;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\Mysql\bin;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;F:\Git\cmd;F:\maven\soft\apache-maven-3.5.4\bin;D:\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\x64;F:\Anaconda3\Scripts;F:\pandoc-2.5-windows-x86_64;F:\hadoop\hadoop-2.8.1-windows\hadoop-2.8.1\bin;F:\scala\scala-2.11.8\bin;F:\Anaconda3\Scripts\;F:\Anaconda3\;C:\Users\顺\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\顺\AppData\Local\GitHubDesktop\bin;C:\Users\顺\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;f:\JetBrains\PyCharm 183.2153.9\bin;;D:\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\x64\;;.]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.246 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.247 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4947 ms
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.532 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.543 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.543 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.544 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.544 INFO 7760 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:18.791 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.162 INFO 7760 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext@448ff1a8: startup date [Tue Jun 25 20:29:13 CST 2019]; root of context hierarchy
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.306 INFO 7760 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/login]}" onto public java.lang.String com.neuq.controller.LoginController.login()
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.315 INFO 7760 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.316 INFO 7760 --- [ main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.357 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.358 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.625 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.686 INFO 7760 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
- 2019-06-25 20:29:19.693 INFO 7760 --- [ main] com.neuq.AppRun : Started AppRun in 7.275 seconds (JVM running for 8.729)
通过日志发现,Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
tomcat已经起步,端口监听8080,web应用的虚拟工程名称为空
打开浏览器访问url地址为:http://localhost:8080/login
我们在开发中反复修改类、页面等资源,每次修改后都是需要重新启动才生效,这样每次启动都很麻烦,浪费了大量的时间,我们可以在修改代码后不重启就能生效,在 pom.xml 中添加如下配置就可以实现这样的功能,我们称之为热部署。
- <!--热部署配置-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
- </dependency>
注意:IDEA进行SpringBoot热部署失败原因
出现这种情况,并不是热部署配置问题,其根本原因是因为Intellij IEDA默认情况下不会自动编译,需要对IDEA进行自动编译的设置,如下:
然后 Shift+Ctrl+Alt+/,选择Registry
通过idea快速创建的SpringBoot项目的pom.xml中已经导入了我们选择的web的起步依赖的坐标
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
- </parent>
- <groupId>com.example</groupId>
- <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
- <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <name>demo</name>
- <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
-
- <properties>
- <java.version>1.8</java.version>
- </properties>
-
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
-
- <build>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- </plugin>
- </plugins>
- </build>
-
- </project>
可以使用快速入门的方式创建Controller进行访问,此处不再赘述
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-parent,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-parent的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
- </parent>
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-dependencies,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
- <properties>
- <activemq.version>5.15.3</activemq.version>
- <antlr2.version>2.7.7</antlr2.version>
- <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.63</appengine-sdk.version>
- <artemis.version>2.4.0</artemis.version>
- <aspectj.version>1.8.13</aspectj.version>
- <assertj.version>3.9.1</assertj.version>
- <atomikos.version>4.0.6</atomikos.version>
- <bitronix.version>2.1.4</bitronix.version>
- <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.0.0</build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
- <byte-buddy.version>1.7.11</byte-buddy.version>
- ... ... ...
- </properties>
- <dependencyManagement>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- ... ... ...
- </dependencies>
- </dependencyManagement>
- <build>
- <pluginManagement>
- <plugins>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
- <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.jooq</groupId>
- <artifactId>jooq-codegen-maven</artifactId>
- <version>${jooq.version}</version>
- </plugin>
- <plugin>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- </plugin>
- ... ... ...
- </plugins>
- </pluginManagement>
- </build>
从上面的spring-boot-starter-dependencies的pom.xml中我们可以发现,一部分坐标的版本、依赖管理、插件管理已经定义好,所以我们的SpringBoot工程继承spring-boot-starter-parent后已经具备版本锁定等配置了。所以起步依赖的作用就是进行依赖的传递。
按住Ctrl点击pom.xml中的spring-boot-starter-web,跳转到了spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml,xml配置如下(只摘抄了部分重点配置):
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starters</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- </parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- <name>Spring Boot Web Starter</name>
-
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
- <version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.hibernate.validator</groupId>
- <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
- <version>6.0.9.Final</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>5.0.5.RELEASE</version>
- <scope>compile</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- </project>
从上面的spring-boot-starter-web的pom.xml中我们可以发现,spring-boot-starter-web就是将web开发要使用的spring-web、spring-webmvc等坐标进行了“打包”,这样我们的工程只要引入spring-boot-starter-web起步依赖的坐标就可以进行web开发了,同样体现了依赖传递的作用。
按住Ctrl点击查看启动类上的注解@SpringBootApplication
注解@SpringBootApplication的源码
- @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- @Inherited
- @SpringBootConfiguration
- @EnableAutoConfiguration
- @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = {
- @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
- @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
- public @interface SpringBootApplication {
-
- /**
- * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied.
- * @return the classes to exclude
- */
- @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class)
- Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
-
- ... ... ...
-
- }
其中,
@SpringBootConfiguration:等同与@Configuration,既标注该类是Spring的一个配置类
@EnableAutoConfiguration:SpringBoot自动配置功能开启
按住Ctrl点击查看注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
- @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- @Inherited
- @AutoConfigurationPackage
- @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
- public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
- ... ... ...
- }
其中,@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector类
按住Ctrl点击查看AutoConfigurationImportSelector源码
- public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
- ... ... ...
- List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,
- attributes);
- configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
- Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
- checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
- configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
- configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata);
- fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
- return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations);
- }
-
-
- protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
- AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
- List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(
- getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader());
-
- return configurations;
- }
其中,SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames 方法的作用就是从META-INF/spring.factories文件中读取指定类对应的类名称列表
spring.factories 文件中有关自动配置的配置信息如下:
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
- org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
上面配置文件存在大量的以Configuration为结尾的类名称,这些类就是存有自动配置信息的类,而SpringApplication在获取这些类名后再加载
我们以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例来分析源码:
- @Configuration
- @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
- @ConditionalOnClass(ServletRequest.class)
- @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
- @EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)
- @Import({ ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class,
- ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedTomcat.class,
- ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedJetty.class,
- ServletWebServerFactoryConfiguration.EmbeddedUndertow.class })
- public class ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration {
- ... ... ...
- }
其中,
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class) 代表加载ServerProperties服务器配置属性类
进入ServerProperties.class源码如下:
- @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "server", ignoreUnknownFields = true)
- public class ServerProperties {
-
- /**
- * Server HTTP port.
- */
- private Integer port;
-
- /**
- * Network address to which the server should bind.
- */
- private InetAddress address;
-
- ... ... ...
-
- }
其中,
prefix = "server" 表示SpringBoot配置文件中的前缀,SpringBoot会将配置文件中以server开始的属性映射到该类的字段中。映射关系如下:
SpringBoot是基于约定的,所以很多配置都有默认值,但如果想使用自己的配置替换默认配置的话,就可以使用application.properties或者application.yml(application.yaml)进行配置。
SpringBoot默认会从Resources目录下加载application.properties或application.yml(application.yaml)文件
其中,application.properties文件是键值对类型的文件,之前一直在使用,所以此处不在对properties文件的格式进行阐述。除了properties文件外,SpringBoot还可以使用yml文件进行配置,下面对yml文件进行讲解。
4.1.2.1 yml配置文件简介
YML文件格式是YAML (YAML Aint Markup Language)编写的文件格式,YAML是一种直观的能够被电脑识别的的数据数据序列化格式,并且容易被人类阅读,容易和脚本语言交互的,可以被支持YAML库的不同的编程语言程序导入,比如: C/C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP等。YML文件是以数据为核心的,比传统的xml方式更加简洁。
YML文件的扩展名可以使用.yml或者.yaml。
4.1.2.2 yml配置文件的语法
4.1.2.2.1 配置普通数据
name: haohao
4.1.2.2.2 配置对象数据
key:
key1: value1
key2: value2
或者:
key: {key1: value1,key2: value2}
- person:
- name: haohao
- age: 31
- addr: beijing
或者
person: {name: haohao,age: 31,addr: beijing}
4.1.2.2.2 配置Map数据
同上面的对象写法
4.1.2.2.3 配置数组(List、Set)数据
- key:
-
- - value1
-
- - value2
或者:
key: [value1,value2]
- city:
- - beijing
- - tianjin
- - shanghai
- - chongqing
或者
city: [beijing,tianjin,shanghai,chongqing]
集合中的元素是对象形式
- student:
- - name: zhangsan
- age: 18
- score: 100
- - name: lisi
- age: 28
- score: 88
- - name: wangwu
- age: 38
- score: 90
注意:value1与之间的 - 之间存在一个空格
上面提及过,SpringBoot的配置文件,主要的目的就是对配置信息进行修改的,但在配置时的key从哪里去查询呢?我们可以查阅SpringBoot的官方文档
文档URL:
https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#common-application-properties
常用的配置摘抄如下:
- # QUARTZ SCHEDULER (QuartzProperties)
- spring.quartz.jdbc.initialize-schema=embedded # Database schema initialization mode.
- spring.quartz.jdbc.schema=classpath:org/quartz/impl/jdbcjobstore/tables_@@platform@@.sql # Path to the SQL file to use to initialize the database schema.
- spring.quartz.job-store-type=memory # Quartz job store type.
- spring.quartz.properties.*= # Additional Quartz Scheduler properties.
-
- # ----------------------------------------
- # WEB PROPERTIES
- # ----------------------------------------
-
- # EMBEDDED SERVER CONFIGURATION (ServerProperties)
- server.port=8080 # Server HTTP port.
- server.servlet.context-path= # Context path of the application.
- server.servlet.path=/ # Path of the main dispatcher servlet.
-
- # HTTP encoding (HttpEncodingProperties)
- spring.http.encoding.charset=UTF-8 # Charset of HTTP requests and responses. Added to the "Content-Type" header if not set explicitly.
-
- # JACKSON (JacksonProperties)
- spring.jackson.date-format= # Date format string or a fully-qualified date format class name. For instance, `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss`.
-
- # SPRING MVC (WebMvcProperties)
- spring.mvc.servlet.load-on-startup=-1 # Load on startup priority of the dispatcher servlet.
- spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/** # Path pattern used for static resources.
- spring.mvc.view.prefix= # Spring MVC view prefix.
- spring.mvc.view.suffix= # Spring MVC view suffix.
-
- # DATASOURCE (DataSourceAutoConfiguration & DataSourceProperties)
- spring.datasource.driver-class-name= # Fully qualified name of the JDBC driver. Auto-detected based on the URL by default.
- spring.datasource.password= # Login password of the database.
- spring.datasource.url= # JDBC URL of the database.
- spring.datasource.username= # Login username of the database.
-
- # JEST (Elasticsearch HTTP client) (JestProperties)
- spring.elasticsearch.jest.password= # Login password.
- spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.host= # Proxy host the HTTP client should use.
- spring.elasticsearch.jest.proxy.port= # Proxy port the HTTP client should use.
- spring.elasticsearch.jest.read-timeout=3s # Read timeout.
- spring.elasticsearch.jest.username= # Login username.
我们可以通过配置application.poperties 或者 application.yml 来修改SpringBoot的默认配置
例如:
application.properties文件
- server.port=8888
- server.servlet.context-path=demo
application.yml文件
- server:
- port: 8888
- servlet:
- context-path: /demo
我们可以通过@Value注解将配置文件中的值映射到一个Spring管理的Bean的字段上
例如:
application.properties配置如下:
- person:
- name: zhangsan
- age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
- person:
- name: zhangsan
- age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
- @Controller
- public class QuickStartController {
-
- @Value("${person.name}")
- private String name;
- @Value("${person.age}")
- private Integer age;
-
-
- @RequestMapping("/quick")
- @ResponseBody
- public String quick(){
- return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
- }
-
- }
浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:
通过注解@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="配置文件中的key的前缀")可以将配置文件中的配置自动与实体进行映射
application.properties配置如下:
- person:
- name: zhangsan
- age: 18
或者,application.yml配置如下:
- person:
- name: zhangsan
- age: 18
实体Bean代码如下:
- @Controller
- @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
- public class QuickStartController {
-
- private String name;
- private Integer age;
-
- @RequestMapping("/quick")
- @ResponseBody
- public String quick(){
- return "springboot 访问成功! name="+name+",age="+age;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public void setAge(Integer age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
- }
浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/quick 结果如下:
注意:使用@ConfigurationProperties方式可以进行配置文件与实体字段的自动映射,但需要字段必须提供set方法才可以,而使用@Value注解修饰的字段不需要提供set方法
- <!--mybatis起步依赖-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
- <version>1.1.1</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- MySQL连接驱动 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
- </dependency>
在application.properties中添加数据量的连接信息
- #DB Configuration:
- spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
- spring.datasource.username=root
- spring.datasource.password=root
在test数据库中创建user表
- - ----------------------------
- -- Table structure for `user`
- -- ----------------------------
- DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
- CREATE TABLE `user` (
- `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
- `username` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
- `password` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
- `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
- PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
- ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-
- -- ----------------------------
- -- Records of user
- -- ----------------------------
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'zhangsan', '123', '张三');
- INSERT INTO `user` VALUES ('2', 'lisi', '123', '李四');
- public class User {
- // 主键
- private Long id;
- // 用户名
- private String username;
- // 密码
- private String password;
- // 姓名
- private String name;
-
- //此处省略getter和setter方法 .. ..
-
- }
- @Mapper
- public interface UserMapper {
- public List<User> queryUserList();
- }
注意:@Mapper标记该类是一个mybatis的mapper接口,可以被spring boot自动扫描到spring上下文中
在src\main\resources\mapper路径下加入UserMapper.xml配置文件"
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
- <mapper namespace="com.itheima.mapper.UserMapper">
- <select id="queryUserList" resultType="user">
- select * from user
- </select>
- </mapper>
- #spring集成Mybatis环境
- #pojo别名扫描包
- mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.itheima.domain
- #加载Mybatis映射文件
- mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*Mapper.xml
- @Controller
- public class MapperController {
-
- @Autowired
- private UserMapper userMapper;
-
- @RequestMapping("/queryUser")
- @ResponseBody
- public List<User> queryUser(){
- List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList();
- return users;
- }
-
- }
- <!--测试的起步依赖-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- package com.neuq.test;
-
- import com.neuq.MySpringBootApplication;
- import com.neuq.domain.User;
- import com.neuq.mapper.UserMapper;
- import org.junit.Test;
- import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
- import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
-
- import java.util.List;
-
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest(classes = MySpringBootApplication.class)
- public class MapperTest {
-
- @Autowired
- private UserMapper userMapper;
-
- @Test
- public void test() {
- List<User> users = userMapper.queryUserList();
- System.out.println(users);
- }
-
- }
其中,
SpringRunner继承自SpringJUnit4ClassRunner,使用哪一个Spring提供的测试测试引擎都可以
public final class SpringRunner extends SpringJUnit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest的属性指定的是引导类的字节码对象
- <!-- springBoot JPA的起步依赖 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
- </dependency>
### 5.3.2 添加数据库驱动依赖
- <!-- MySQL连接驱动 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- #DB Configuration:
- spring.datasource.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
- spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
- spring.datasource.username=root
- spring.datasource.password=root
-
- #JPA Configuration:
- spring.jpa.database=MySQL
- spring.jpa.show-sql=true
- spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true
- spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update
- spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
- @Entity
- public class User {
- // 主键
- @Id
- @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
- private Long id;
- // 用户名
- private String username;
- // 密码
- private String password;
- // 姓名
- private String name;
-
- //此处省略setter和getter方法... ...
- }
- public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Long>{
- public List<User> findAll();
- }
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest(classes=MySpringBootApplication.class)
- public class JpaTest {
-
- @Autowired
- private UserRepository userRepository;
-
- @Test
- public void test(){
- List<User> users = userRepository.findAll();
- System.out.println(users);
- }
-
- }
注意:如果是jdk9,执行报错如下:
原因:jdk缺少相应的jar
解决方案:手动导入对应的maven坐标,如下:
- <!--jdk9需要导入如下坐标-->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
- <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- 配置使用redis启动器 -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- #Redis
- spring.redis.host=127.0.0.1
- spring.redis.port=6379
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest(classes = SpringbootJpaApplication.class)
- public class RedisTest {
-
- @Autowired
- private UserRepository userRepository;
-
- @Autowired
- private RedisTemplate<String, String> redisTemplate;
-
- @Test
- public void test() throws JsonProcessingException {
- //从redis缓存中获得指定的数据
- String userListData = redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll").get();
- //如果redis中没有数据的话
- if(null==userListData){
- //查询数据库获得数据
- List<User> all = userRepository.findAll();
- //转换成json格式字符串
- ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
- userListData = om.writeValueAsString(all);
- //将数据存储到redis中,下次在查询直接从redis中获得数据,不用在查询数据库
- redisTemplate.boundValueOps("user.findAll").set(userListData);
- System.out.println("===============从数据库获得数据===============");
- }else{
- System.out.println("===============从redis缓存中获得数据===============");
- }
-
- System.out.println(userListData);
-
- }
-
- }
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