第四节.postgis空间函数的运用_怎么在postgis中使用函数

具体请看如下文章

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34748010/article/details/126920098

实战经验如下：

计算面积
st_area ( ST_Transform (geometry, 4527 ))
 
是否绝对包含
SELECT  ST_Contains(p1.geometry, p2.geometry) AS baohanFROM t_base_wuran_fqjstc  AS p2,t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1where p1.wai_id=58 and p2.tudi_bian=58
 
是否相交 ST_NumGeometries(ST_Intersection(p1.geometry, p2.geometry))>0,
相交的面ST_AsText(ST_Intersection(p1.geometry, p2.geometry))
 
SELECT  ST_NumGeometries(ST_Intersection(p1.geometry, p2.geometry))>0 as xiangjiao,ST_AsText(ST_Intersection(p1.geometry, p2.geometry)) as mianFROM t_base_wuran_fqjstc  AS p2,t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1where p1.wai_id=58 and p2.tudi_bian=58
 
是否分离
st_disjoint ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry )
 
 
SELECT p2.id,ST_AsText(ST_SymDifference(p1.geometry, p2.geometry)) as non_intersecting_geom
FROM t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p2, t_base_wuran_fqjstc  AS p1
WHERE p2.wai_id=58 and p1.id=12
 
包含  相交 分离 初掉面积   第一建设图形的面积
 
SELECT 
p1.id as cid,
p2.id as fid,
p2.NAME,
p2.beu_zhu,
p1.NAME AS dname,
ST_AsText(p1.geometry) as chumian,
ST_AsText(p2.geometry) as fmian,
ST_Contains ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS baohan,
ST_NumGeometries ( ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) ) > 0 AS xiangjiao,
st_disjoint ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS fenli 
FROM
	t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1,
	t_base_wuran_fqjstc AS p2
	
WHERE p1.wai_id=58 and p2.id=12
 
SELECT
	ST_AsText ( ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) ) AS xiangmian ,ST_AsText(ST_SymDifference(p1.geometry, p2.geometry)) as feixiang
FROM
	t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1,
	t_base_wuran_fqjstc AS p2 
WHERE
	p1.wai_id = 58 
	AND p2.id = 12
 
select * from t_base_wuran_fqjstc
 
SELECT ST_Area(geometry) FROM t_base_wuran_fqjstc WHERE id=12;
 
NOT ST_Intersects(p1.geometry, p2.geometry);
 
select * from t_base_wuran_mdkxx
t_base_wuran_dkjc
 
 
 SELECT p1.id as cid, p2.id as fid, p2.NAME, p2.beu_zhu, p1.NAME AS dname, ST_AsText(p1.geometry) as chumian, ST_AsText(p2.geometry) as fmian, ST_Contains ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS baohan, ST_NumGeometries ( ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) ) > 0 AS xiangjiao, st_disjoint ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS fenli FROM t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1, t_base_wuran_fqjstc AS p2 WHERE p1.wai_id = 58 AND p2.id = 11
 
 
 
 
 SELECT ST_Area(geometry) FROM t_base_wuran_mdkxx 
 
 SELECT st_area ( ST_Transform (geometry, 4527 )) as area  FROM t_base_wuran_mdkxx  where  id=40
 
 select  * from  t_base_wuran_xxdcdkxx
 
SELECT
	p1.id AS cid,
	p2.id AS fid,
	p2.NAME,
	p2.beu_zhu,
	p1.NAME AS dname,
	ST_AsText ( p1.geometry ) AS chumian,
	ST_AsText ( p2.geometry ) AS fmian,
	ST_Contains ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS baohan,
	ST_NumGeometries ( ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) ) > 0 AS xiangjiao,
	st_disjoint ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) AS fenli ,
	st_area ( ST_Transform (p1.geometry, 4527 )) as mianji,
	st_area ( ST_Transform (p2.geometry, 4527 )) as fmianji
FROM
	t_base_wuran_xxdcdkxx AS p1,
	t_base_wuran_fqjstc AS p2 
WHERE
	p1.wai_id = 58 
	AND p2.id = 11
 
 
 SELECT st_area ( ST_Transform (ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ), 4527 )) as xiangmianji, ST_AsText ( ST_Intersection ( p1.geometry, p2.geometry ) ) AS xiangmian ,ST_AsText(ST_SymDifference(p1.geometry, p2.geometry)) as feixiang FROM t_base_wuran_mdkxx AS p1, t_base_wuran_fqjstc AS p2 WHERE p1.wai_id = 58 AND p2.id = 12
 
 
 
 创建的扩展语句
 CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
 CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
 CREATE EXTENSION postgis_sfcgal;
 CREATE EXTENSION fuzzystrmatch;
 CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer;
 CREATE EXTENSION address_standardizer_data_us;
 CREATE EXTENSION postgis_tiger_geocoder;
 CREATE EXTENSION pgrouting;
 
 
 
 --    创建完毕用户后  postgres用户下执行如上语句
 
 
 
 
 
 
 SELECT    name,  ST_AsText(geomline) as geom  FROM   "AA"
    最近设施
            where+="  ORDER BY  geom <-> GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;"+postdata.getString("geoTxt2")+"') limit 5";
 
INSERT INTO "AA"  (name,geom) VALUES ('基站1001',GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;POINT(121.50 31.22)'));
 
 
 SELECT    name,  ST_AsText(geom) as geom  FROM   "geo_sfz_point"
     where  1=1  ORDER BY  geom <-> GeomFromEWKT('SRID=4326;POINT(121.50 31.22)') limit 5;
 
 SELECT    ST_AsText(geom) as geom  FROM    geo_zyzx_polygon  LIMIT 10 OFFSET 0
 
、
 
 
 
 
转载自：http://www.jsjtt.com/shujuku/postgresql/31.html
 
1.OGC标准函数
管理函数：
添加几何字段 AddGeometryColumn(, , , , , )
删除几何字段 DropGeometryColumn(, , )
检查数据库几何字段并在geometry_columns中归档 Probe_Geometry_Columns()
给几何对象设置空间参考（在通过一个范围做空间查询时常用） ST_SetSRID(geometry, integer)
 
几何对象关系函数 ：
获取两个几何对象间的距离 ST_Distance(geometry, geometry)
如果两个几何对象间距离在给定值范围内，则返回TRUE ST_DWithin(geometry, geometry, float)
判断两个几何对象是否相等
（比如LINESTRING(0 0, 2 2)和LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2)是相同的几何对象） ST_Equals(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否分离 ST_Disjoint(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否相交 ST_Intersects(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象的边缘是否接触 ST_Touches(geometry, geometry)
判断两个几何对象是否互相穿过 ST_Crosses(geometry, geometry)
判断A是否被B包含 ST_Within(geometry A, geometry B)
判断两个几何对象是否是重叠 ST_Overlaps(geometry, geometry)
判断A是否包含B ST_Contains(geometry A, geometry B)
判断A是否覆盖 B ST_Covers(geometry A, geometry B)
判断A是否被B所覆盖 ST_CoveredBy(geometry A, geometry B)
通过DE-9IM 矩阵判断两个几何对象的关系是否成立 ST_Relate(geometry, geometry, intersectionPatternMatrix)
获得两个几何对象的关系（DE-9IM矩阵） ST_Relate(geometry, geometry)
 
几何对象处理函数：
获取几何对象的中心 ST_Centroid(geometry)
面积量测 ST_Area(geometry)
长度量测 ST_Length(geometry)
返回曲面上的一个点 ST_PointOnSurface(geometry)
获取边界 ST_Boundary(geometry)
获取缓冲后的几何对象 ST_Buffer(geometry, double, [integer])
获取多几何对象的外接对象 ST_ConvexHull(geometry)
获取两个几何对象相交的部分 ST_Intersection(geometry, geometry)
将经度小于0的值加360使所有经度值在0-360间 ST_Shift_Longitude(geometry)
获取两个几何对象不相交的部分（A、B可互换） ST_SymDifference(geometry A, geometry B)
从A去除和B相交的部分后返回 ST_Difference(geometry A, geometry B)
返回两个几何对象的合并结果 ST_Union(geometry, geometry)
返回一系列几何对象的合并结果 ST_Union(geometry set)
用较少的内存和较长的时间完成合并操作，结果和ST_Union相同 ST_MemUnion(geometry set)
 
几何对象存取函数：
获取几何对象的WKT描述 ST_AsText(geometry)
获取几何对象的WKB描述 ST_AsBinary(geometry)
获取几何对象的空间参考ID ST_SRID(geometry)
获取几何对象的维数 ST_Dimension(geometry)
获取几何对象的边界范围 ST_Envelope(geometry)
判断几何对象是否为空 ST_IsEmpty(geometry)
判断几何对象是否不包含特殊点（比如自相交） ST_IsSimple(geometry)
判断几何对象是否闭合 ST_IsClosed(geometry)
判断曲线是否闭合并且不包含特殊点 ST_IsRing(geometry)
获取多几何对象中的对象个数 ST_NumGeometries(geometry)
获取多几何对象中第N个对象 ST_GeometryN(geometry,int)
获取几何对象中的点个数 ST_NumPoints(geometry)
获取几何对象的第N个点 ST_PointN(geometry,integer)
获取多边形的外边缘 ST_ExteriorRing(geometry)
获取多边形内边界个数 ST_NumInteriorRings(geometry)
同上 ST_NumInteriorRing(geometry)
获取多边形的第N个内边界 ST_InteriorRingN(geometry,integer)
获取线的终点 ST_EndPoint(geometry)
获取线的起始点 ST_StartPoint(geometry)
获取几何对象的类型 GeometryType(geometry)
类似上，但是不检查M值，即POINTM对象会被判断为point ST_GeometryType(geometry)
获取点的X坐标 ST_X(geometry)
获取点的Y坐标 ST_Y(geometry)
获取点的Z坐标 ST_Z(geometry)
获取点的M值 ST_M(geometry)
 
几何对象构造函数 ：
参考语义：
Text：WKT
WKB：WKB
Geom:Geometry
M:Multi
Bd:BuildArea
Coll:Collection ST_GeomFromText(text,[])
 
ST_PointFromText(text,[])
ST_LineFromText(text,[])
ST_LinestringFromText(text,[])
ST_PolyFromText(text,[])
ST_PolygonFromText(text,[])
ST_MPointFromText(text,[])
ST_MLineFromText(text,[])
ST_MPolyFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomCollFromText(text,[])
ST_GeomFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeometryFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_LinestringFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_PolygonFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPointFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MLineFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_MPolyFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_GeomCollFromWKB(bytea,[])
ST_BdPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)
 
ST_BdMPolyFromText(text WKT, integer SRID)
 
2. PostGIS扩展函数
管理函数：
 
删除一个空间表（包括geometry_columns中的记录） DropGeometryTable([], )
更新空间表的空间参考 UpdateGeometrySRID([], , , )
更新空间表的统计信息 update_geometry_stats([, ])
 
参考语义：
Geos：GEOS库
Jts：JTS库
Proj：PROJ4库 postgis_version()
 
postgis_lib_version()
postgis_lib_build_date()
postgis_script_build_date()
postgis_scripts_installed()
postgis_scripts_released()
postgis_geos_version()
postgis_jts_version()
postgis_proj_version()
postgis_uses_stats()
postgis_full_version()
 
几何操作符：
 
A范围=B范围 A = B
A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围左侧 A &<> B
A范围在B范围左侧 A <<>> B
A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围下方 A &<| B A范围覆盖B范围或A范围在B范围上方 A |&> B
A范围在B范围下方 A <<| B A范围在B范围上方 A |>> B
A=B A ~= B
A范围被B范围包含 A @ B
A范围包含B范围 A ~ B
A范围覆盖B范围 A && B
 
几何量测函数：
 
量测面积 ST_Area(geometry)
根据经纬度点计算在地球曲面上的距离，单位米，地球半径取值6370986米 ST_distance_sphere(point, point)
类似上，使用指定的地球椭球参数 ST_distance_spheroid(point, point, spheroid)
量测2D对象长度 ST_length2d(geometry)
量测3D对象长度 ST_length3d(geometry)
根据经纬度对象计算在地球曲面上的长度 ST_length_spheroid(geometry,spheroid)
ST_length3d_spheroid(geometry,spheroid)
量测两个对象间距离 ST_distance(geometry, geometry)
量测两条线之间的最大距离 ST_max_distance(linestring,linestring)
量测2D对象的周长 ST_perimeter(geometry)
ST_perimeter2d(geometry)
量测3D对象的周长 ST_perimeter3d(geometry)
量测两点构成的方位角，单位弧度 ST_azimuth(geometry, geometry)
 
几何对象输出：
参考语义：
NDR：Little Endian
XDR：big-endian
HEXEWKB：Canonical
SVG：SVG 格式
GML：GML 格式
KML：KML 格式
GeoJson：GeoJson 格式
 
ST_AsBinary(geometry,{‘NDR’|’XDR’})
ST_AsEWKT(geometry)
ST_AsEWKB(geometry, {‘NDR’|’XDR’})
ST_AsHEXEWKB(geometry, {‘NDR’|’XDR’})
ST_AsSVG(geometry, [rel], [precision])
ST_AsGML([version], geometry, [precision])
ST_AsKML([version], geometry, [precision])
ST_AsGeoJson([version], geometry, [precision], [options])
 
几何对象创建：
 
参考语义：
Dump：转储 ST_GeomFromEWKT(text)
 
ST_GeomFromEWKB(bytea)
ST_MakePoint(, , [], [])
ST_MakePointM(, , )
ST_MakeBox2D(, )
ST_MakeBox3D(, )
ST_MakeLine(geometry set)
ST_MakeLine(geometry, geometry)
ST_LineFromMultiPoint(multipoint)
ST_MakePolygon(linestring, [linestring[]])
ST_BuildArea(geometry)
ST_Polygonize(geometry set)
ST_Collect(geometry set)
ST_Collect(geometry, geometry)
ST_Dump(geometry)
ST_DumpRings(geometry)
 
几何对象编辑：
 
给几何对象添加一个边界，会使查询速度加快 ST_AddBBOX(geometry)
删除几何对象的边界 ST_DropBBOX(geometry)
添加、删除、设置点 ST_AddPoint(linestring, point, [])
ST_RemovePoint(linestring, offset)
ST_SetPoint(linestring, N, point)
几何对象类型转换 ST_Force_collection(geometry)
ST_Force_2d(geometry)
ST_Force_3dz(geometry), ST_Force_3d(geometry),
ST_Force_3dm(geometry)
ST_Force_4d(geometry)
ST_Multi(geometry)
将几何对象转化到指定空间参考 ST_Transform(geometry,integer)
对3D几何对象作仿射变化 ST_Affine(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8)
对2D几何对象作仿射变化 ST_Affine(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8, float8)
对几何对象作偏移 ST_Translate(geometry, float8, float8, float8)
对几何对象作缩放 ST_Scale(geometry, float8, float8, float8)
对3D几何对象作旋转 ST_RotateZ(geometry, float8)
ST_RotateX(geometry, float8)
ST_RotateY(geometry, float8)
对2D对象作偏移和缩放 ST_TransScale(geometry, float8, float8, float8, float8)
反转 ST_Reverse(geometry)
转化到右手定则 ST_ForceRHR(geometry)
参考IsSimple函数
使用Douglas-Peuker算法 ST_Simplify(geometry, tolerance)
ST_SimplifyPreserveTopology(geometry, tolerance)
讲几何对象顶点捕捉到网格 ST_SnapToGrid(geometry, originX, originY, sizeX, sizeY)
ST_SnapToGrid(geometry, sizeX, sizeY), ST_SnapToGrid(geometry, size)
第二个参数为点，指定原点坐标 ST_SnapToGrid(geometry, geometry, sizeX, sizeY, sizeZ, sizeM)
分段 ST_Segmentize(geometry, maxlength)
合并为线 ST_LineMerge(geometry)
 
线性参考：
 
根据location（0-1）获得该位置的点 ST_line_interpolate_point(linestring, location)
获取一段线 ST_line_substring(linestring, start, end)
根据点获取location（0-1） ST_line_locate_point(LineString, Point)
根据量测值获得几何对象 ST_locate_along_measure(geometry, float8)
根据量测值区间获得几何对象集合 ST_locate_between_measures(geometry, float8, float8)
 
杂项功能函数：
几何对象的摘要 ST_Summary(geometry)
几何对象的边界 ST_box2d(geometry)
ST_box3d(geometry)
多个几何对象的边界 ST_extent(geometry set)
0=2d, 1=3dm, 2=3dz, 3=4d ST_zmflag(geometry)
是否包含Bounding Box ST_HasBBOX(geometry)
几何对象的维数：2、3、4 ST_ndims(geometry)
子对象的个数 ST_nrings(geometry)
ST_npoints(geometry)
对象是否验证成功 ST_isvalid(geometry)
扩大几何对象 ST_expand(geometry, float)
计算一个空间表的边界范围 ST_estimated_extent([schema], table, geocolumn)
获得空间参考 ST_find_srid(, , )
几何对象使用的内存大小，单位byte ST_mem_size(geometry)
点是否在圆上 ST_point_inside_circle(,,,)
获取边界的X、Y、Z ST_XMin(box3d)
ST_YMin(box3d)
ST_ZMin(box3d)
ST_XMax(box3d)
ST_YMax(box3d)
ST_ZMax(box3d)
构造一个几何对象的数组 ST_Accum(geometry set)
 
长事务支持：
启用/关闭长事务支持，重复调用无副作用 EnableLongTransactions()
DisableLongTransactions()
检查对行的update和delete操作是否已授权 CheckAuth([],
, )
锁定行 LockRow([], , , , [])
解锁行 UnlockRows()
在当前事务中添加授权ID AddAuth()
 
其他的函数可到官网进行查看: http://postgis.net/docs/reference.html