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Nginx是当前最流行的HTTP Server之一,与Apache相比,Nginx在高并发情况下具有巨大的性能优势。
Apache工作方式:每个请求会独占一个工作线程,当并发数上到几千时,就同时有几千的线程在处理请求了。这对操作系统来说,是个不小的挑战,线程带来的内存占用非常大,线程的上下文切换带来的cpu开销很大,自然性能就上不去了,而这些开销完全是没有意义的。
Nginx工作模式:nginx在启动后,会有一个master进程和多个worker进程。master进程主要用来管理worker进程,work进程是用来工作的进程。模型如下图所示(借鉴):
master进程会向worker进程发送各种信号,监控worker进程的运行状态,当worker进程异常退出后,会自动重启新的worker进程。
多个worker进程之间是对等的,他们同等竞争来自客户端的请求,各进程相互之间是独立的。一个请求,只可能放在一个worker进程中处理,一个worker进程,不可能处理其它进程的请求。worker进程的个数是可以设置的,通常会设置于机器cpu核数一致。
Nginx进程模型的好处:首先,独立的进程,不需要加锁,所以省掉了锁带来的开销;其次,采用独立的进程,可以让互相之间不会影响,一个进程退出后,其他进程还在工作,服务不会中断,master进程很快会启动新的worker进程。
Nginx如何处理高并发:nginx采用异步非阻塞的方式来处理请求,可以同时处理成千上万个请求。具体到系统调用就是像select/poll/epoll/kqueue这样的系统调用。它们提供一种机制,让你可以同时监控多个事件,调用它们是阻塞的,但可以设置超时时间,在超时时间之内,如果有事情准备好了,就返回。以epoll为例,当事件没准备好时,放到epoll里面,事件准备好了,就去读写,当读写返回EAGAIN时,将它再次加入到epoll里面。这样,只要有事件准备好了,我们就去处理它,只有当所有事件都没准备好时,才在epoll里面等着。
这样我们就可以并发处理大量的并发,当然这里的并发请求,是指未处理完的请求,线程只有一个,所以同时能处理的请求只有一个,只是在请求间进行不断切换而已,切换也是因为异步事件为准备好,而主动让出的,这里的切换是没有任何代价的,可以理解为循环处理多个准备好的事件。
cd nginx/
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel
cd /opt/nginx/nginx-1.12.2/
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/
nginx -t //测试配置是否正确
vim /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/bash #chkconfig: - 99 20 prog="/usr/local/sbin/nginx" pidf="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" case "$1" in start) $prog ;; stop) kill -s QUIT $(cat $pidf) ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; *) exit 1 esac exit 0 chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx chkconfig --add nginx
mkdir -p /var/www/html/kgc mkdir -p /var/www/html/benet vim /var/www/html/kgc/index.html <h1>this is kgc web</h1> vim /var/www/html/benet/index.html <h1>this is benet web</h1> yum install -y bind vim /etc/named.conf ....................... options { listen-on port 53 { any; }; ........................ allow-query { any; }; ....................... vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones zone "kgc.com" IN { type master; file "kgc.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "benet.com" IN { type master; file "benet.com.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; cd /var/named/ cp -p named.localhost kgc.com.zone vim kgc.com.zone www IN A 192.168.60.60 cp -p kgc.com.zone benet.com.zone systemctl start named
vim /etc/nginx.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.kgc.com; location / { root /var/www/html/kgc; index index.html index.htm; } } server { listen 80; server_name www.benet.com; location / { root /var/www/html/benet; index index.html index.htm; } } service nginx restart systemctl stop firewalld.service setenforce 0
vim /etc/nginx.conf
server {
listen 192.168.60.60:80;
server_name www.kgc.com;
location / {
root /var/www/html/kgc;
index index.html index.htm; }
}
server {
listen 192.168.60.60:8080;
server_name www.kgc.com;
location / {
root /var/www/html/benet;
index index.html index.htm; }
}
cd /var/named/
vim kgc.com.zone
www IN A 192.168.60.60
vim benet.com.zone
www IN A 192.168.60.10
systemctl start named
vim /etc/nginx.conf
server {
listen 192.168.60.60:80;
server_name www.kgc.com;
location / {
root /var/www/html/kgc;
index index.html index.htm; }
}
server {
listen 192.168.60.10:80;
server_name www.benet.com;
location / {
root /var/www/html/benet;
index index.html index.htm; }
}
cd nginx/
tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel
cd /opt/nginx/nginx-1.12.2/
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/
ln -s /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /etc/
nginx -t
vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExeStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExeStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
ExeReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
chmod 754 /usr/local/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl start nginx
cd mysql/ tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz tar zxvf ncurses-5.6.tar.gz cd mysql-5.7.20/ yum install -y ncurses-devel ncurses bison cmake useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 make && make install chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port=3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] port=3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user=mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port=3306 character_set_server=utf8 pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock server-id=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION, STRICT_TRANS_TABLES, NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER, NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO, NO_ZERO_IN_DATE, NO_ZERO_DATE, ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO, PIPES_AS_CONCAT, ANSI_QUOTES
echo "PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH" >> /etc/profile
echo "export PATH" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--initialize-insecure --user=mysql
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/
systemctl start mysqld.service
netstat -natp |grep 3306
mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password: 空
New password: 123123
Confirm new password:123123
mysql -uroot -p
yum install -y libjpeg \ libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 cd php-7.1.10/ ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip make && make install
cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai
/usr/local/php/bin/php -m //验证安装的模块
cd /usr/local/php/etc/
cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
cd /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/
cp www.conf.default www.conf
vim /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib//php.ini //启动PHP服务
netstat -natp |grep 9000(php)
ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
vim nginx.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib//php.ini
service nginx restart
mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:123123
create database bbs;
grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'%' identified by 'admin123';
grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'localhost' identified by 'admin123';
flush privileges;
show databases;
quit
cd /opt mkdir luntan cd luntan/ unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip cd dir_SC_UTF8/ cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs chown -R root:nginx config/ chown -R root:nginx data/ chown -R root:nginx uc_client/ chown -R root:nginx uc_server/ chmod -R 777 config/ chmod -R 777 data/ chmod -R 777 uc_client/ chmod -R 777 uc_server/
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