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Python学生信息管理系统，面向对象编程，面向过程编程_python面向对象信息管理系统

作者：代码探险家 | 2024-07-10 23:51:27

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python面向对象信息管理系统

目录

Python学生信息管理系统

面向过程

面向对象

Python学生信息管理系统

面向过程

  1. import os.path
  2. import re
  3.  
  4. filename = "students.txt"
  5.  
  6.  
  7. def main():
  8.     ctrl = True  # 标记是否退出系统
  9.     while ctrl:
  10.         menu()  # 显示菜单————调用菜单方法
  11.         option = input("请选择：")
  12.         option_str = re.sub("\D", "", option)
  13.         if option_str in ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7']:
  14.             option_int = int(option_str)
  15.             if option_int == 0:
  16.                 print("您已退出学生信息管理系统！")
  17.                 ctrl = False
  18.             elif option_int == 1:
  19.                 insert()
  20.             elif option_int == 2:
  21.                 search()
  22.             elif option_int == 3:
  23.                 delete()
  24.             elif option_int == 4:
  25.                 modify()
  26.             elif option_int == 5:
  27.                 sort()
  28.             elif option_int == 6:
  29.                 total()
  30.             elif option_int == 7:
  31.                 show()
  32.  
  33.  
  34. def menu():
  35.     print(
  36.         "------------------------学生信息管理系统------------------------"
  37.         "|                                                           |"
  38.         "|==========================功能菜单============================"
  39.         "|                                                           |"
  40.         "|    1.录入学生信息                                            |"
  41.         "|    2.查找学生信息                                            |"
  42.         "|    3.删除学生信息                                            |"
  43.         "|    4.修改学生信息                                            |"
  44.         "|    5.排序                                                   |"
  45.         "|    6.统计学生总人数                                           |"
  46.         "|    7.显示所有学生信息                                         |"
  47.         "|    0.退出系统                                               |"
  48.         "|============================================================"
  49.         "|    说明：通过数字键上下选择菜单                                 |"
  50.         "---------------------------------------------------------------"
  51.     )
  52.  
  53.  
  54. # 将学生信息保存到文件
  55.  
  56. def save(student):
  57.     try:
  58.         student_txt = open(filename, "a")
  59.     except Exception as e:
  60.         student_txt = open(filename, "w")
  61.     for info in student:
  62.         student_txt.write(str(info) + "\n")
  63.     student_txt.close()
  64.  
  65.  
  66. # 实现学生信息录入功能
  67. def insert():
  68.     stdentList = []
  69.     mark = True
  70.     while mark:
  71.         id = input("请输入ID(如 1001):")
  72.         if not id:
  73.             break
  74.         name = input("请输入名字:")
  75.         if not name:
  76.             break
  77.         try:
  78.             english = int(input("请输入英语成绩："))
  79.             python = int(input("请输入Python成绩："))
  80.             c = int(input("请输入c语言成绩："))
  81.         except:
  82.             print("输入无效，不是整数值....重新录入信息")
  83.             continue
  84.         stdent = {"id": id, "name": name, "english": english, "python": python, "c": c}
  85.         stdentList.append(stdent)
  86.         inputMark = input("是否继续添加?(y/n):")
  87.         if inputMark == "y":
  88.             mark = True
  89.         else:
  90.             mark = False
  91.     save(stdentList)
  92.     print("学生信息录入完毕！！！")
  93.  
  94.  
  95. # 删除学生信息
  96. def delete():
  97.     mark = True
  98.     while mark:
  99.         studentId = input("请输入要删除的学生ID: ")
  100.         if (studentId != ""):
  101.             if os.path.exists(filename):
  102.                 with open(filename, 'r') as rfile:
  103.                     student_old = rfile.readlines()
  104.             else:
  105.                 student_old = []
  106.             ifdel = False
  107.             if student_old:
  108.                 with open(filename, 'w') as wfile:
  109.                     d = {}
  110.                     for list in student_old:
  111.                         d = dict(eval(list))
  112.                         if d['id'] != studentId:
  113.                             wfile.write(str(d) + "\n")
  114.                         else:
  115.                             ifdel = True
  116.                     if ifdel:
  117.                         print("ID为 %s 的学生信息已经被删除..." % studentId)
  118.                     else:
  119.                         print("没有找到ID为 %s 的学生信息..." % studentId)
  120.             else:
  121.                 print("无学生信息...")
  122.                 break
  123.             show()
  124.             inputMark = input("是否继续删除？ （y/n）:")
  125.             if inputMark == "y":
  126.                 mark = True
  127.             else:
  128.                 mark = False
  129.  
  130.  
  131. # 修改学生信息
  132. def modify():
  133.     show()
  134.     if os.path.exists(filename):
  135.         with open(filename, 'r') as rfile:
  136.             student_old = rfile.readlines()
  137.     else:
  138.         return
  139.     studentid = input("请输入要修改的学生ID: ")
  140.     with open(filename, 'w') as wfile:
  141.         for student in student_old:
  142.             d = dict(eval(student))
  143.             if d["id"] == studentid:
  144.                 print("找到了这名学生，可以修改他的信息！")
  145.                 while True:
  146.                     try:
  147.                         d["name"] = input("请输入姓名: ")
  148.                         d["english"] = int(input("请输入英语成绩: "))
  149.                         d["python"] = int(input("请输入Python成绩: "))
  150.                         d["c"] = int(input("请输入C语言成绩: "))
  151.                     except:
  152.                         print("您的输入有误，请重新输入。")
  153.                     else:
  154.                         break
  155.                 student = str(d)
  156.                 wfile.write(student + "\n")
  157.                 print("修改成功！ ")
  158.             else:
  159.                 wfile.write(student)
  160.     mark = input("是否继续修改其他学生信息？ （y/n）:")
  161.     if mark == "y":
  162.         modify()
  163.  
  164.  
  165. # 查询学生信息
  166. def search():
  167.     mark = True
  168.     student_query = []
  169.     while mark:
  170.         id = ""
  171.         name = ""
  172.         if os.path.exists(filename):
  173.             mode = input("按ID查输入1；按姓名查输入2: ")
  174.             if mode == "1":
  175.                 id = input("请输入学生ID: ")
  176.             elif mode == "2":
  177.                 name = input("请输入学生姓名: ")
  178.             else:
  179.                 print("您的输入有误，请重新输入！")
  180.                 search()
  181.             with open(filename, 'r') as file:
  182.                 student = file.readlines()
  183.                 for list in student:
  184.                     d = dict(eval(list))
  185.                     if (id != ""):
  186.                         if d['id'] == id:
  187.                             student_query.append(d)
  188.                     elif (name != ""):
  189.                         if d['name'] == name:
  190.                             student_query.append(d)
  191.                 show_student(student_query)
  192.                 student_query.clear()
  193.                 inputMark = input("是否继续查询？（y/n）:")
  194.                 if inputMark == "y":
  195.                     mark = True
  196.                 else:
  197.                     mark = False
  198.         else:
  199.             print("暂未保存数据信息...")
  200.             return
  201.  
  202.  
  203. # 统计学生总人数
  204. def total():
  205.     if os.path.exists(filename):
  206.         with open(filename, "r") as rfile:
  207.             student_old = rfile.readlines()
  208.             if student_old:
  209.                 print("一共有%d名学生！" % len(student_old))
  210.             else:
  211.                 print("还没录入学生信息！")
  212.     else:
  213.         print("暂未保存数据信息。。。")
  214.  
  215.  
  216. # 显示所有学生信息
  217. def show():
  218.     student_new = []
  219.     if os.path.exists(filename):
  220.         with open(filename, "r") as rfile:
  221.             student_old = rfile.readlines()
  222.         for list in student_old:
  223.             student_new.append(eval(list))
  224.         if student_new:
  225.             show_student(student_new)
  226.  
  227.  
  228. def show_student(studentList):
  229.     if not studentList:
  230.         print("(o@.@o) 无数据信息 (o@.@o) \n")
  231.         return
  232.     # 定义标题显示格式
  233.     format_title = "{:^6}{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}"
  234.     print(format_title.format("ID", "名字", "英语成绩", "Python成绩", "C语言成绩", "总成绩"))
  235.     # 定义具体内容显示格式
  236.     format_data = "{:^6}{:^12}\t{:^12}\t{:^12}\t{:^12}\t{:^12}"
  237.     for info in studentList:
  238.         print(format_data.format(info.get("id"),
  239.                                  info.get("name"), str(info.get("english")), str(info.get("python")),
  240.                                  str(info.get("c")),
  241.                                  str(info.get("english") + info.get("python") +
  242.                                      info.get("c")).center(12)))
  243.  
  244.  
  245. # 排序
  246. def sort():
  247.     show()
  248.     if os.path.exists(filename):
  249.         with open(filename, "r") as file:
  250.             student_old = file.readlines()
  251.             student_new = []
  252.         for list in student_old:
  253.             d = dict(eval(list))
  254.             student_new.append(d)
  255.     else:
  256.         return
  257.     ascORdesc = input("请选择（0升序；1降序）：")
  258.     if ascORdesc == "0":
  259.         ascORdescBool = False
  260.     elif ascORdesc == "1":
  261.         ascORdescBool = True
  262.     else:
  263.         print("你的输入有误，请重新输入")
  264.         sort()
  265.     mode = input("请选择排序方法（1按英语成绩排序；2按python成绩排序；3按c语言成绩排序；0按总成绩排序）")
  266.     if mode == "1":
  267.         student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x["english"], reverse=ascORdescBool)
  268.     elif mode == "2":
  269.         student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x["python"], reverse=ascORdescBool)
  270.     elif mode == "3":
  271.         student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x["c"], reverse=ascORdescBool)
  272.     elif mode == "0":
  273.         student_new.sort(key=lambda x: x["english"] + x["python"] + x["python"], reverse=ascORdescBool)
  274.     else:
  275.         print("您输入有误，请重新输入！")
  276.         sort()
  277.     show_student(student_new)
  278.  
  279.  
  280. if __name__ == '__main__':
  281.     main()

面向对象

  1. # @Project : 学生信息管理系统
  2. # @Author  : 黄前程
  3. # @Time    : 2023/10/17 21:00
  4. # 请尊重作者的劳动成果，转载请注明出处
  5. # -----------------------------------------------
  6.  
  7. class Student:
  8.     def __init__(self, id, name, age, english, python, c):
  9.         self.id = id
  10.         self.name = name
  11.         self.age = age
  12.         self.english = english
  13.         self.python = python
  14.         self.c = c
  15.  
  16.     # __str__方法用于返回对象的描述信息，如果不使用__str__方法，直接print，或者return，返回的是对象的内存地址。
  17.     # 如果在__str__中定义了描述信息，print或者return时，返回的就不是内存地址，显示更友好，实现了类到字符串的转化。
  18.     def __str__(self):
  19.         return (f"ID: {self.id:<6} |  Name: {self.name:<10} |  Age: {self.age:<6} "
  20.                 f"|  English: {self.english:<6} |  Python: {self.python:<6} |  C: {self.c:<6}")
  21.  
  22.  
  23. class StudentManager:
  24.     def __init__(self, file_name):
  25.         self.students = []
  26.         self.file_name = file_name
  27.         try:
  28.             with open(file_name, "r") as file:
  29.                 for line in file:
  30.                     student_info = line.strip().split(",")
  31.                     student = Student(student_info[0], student_info[1], int(student_info[2]), float(student_info[3]),
  32.                                       float(student_info[4]), float(student_info[5]))
  33.                     self.students.append(student)
  34.         except FileNotFoundError:
  35.             print("系统中没有学生信息，请先录入学生信息！")
  36.  
  37.     def save_to_file(self):
  38.         with open(self.file_name, "w") as file:
  39.             for student in self.students:
  40.                 file.write(
  41.                     f"{student.id},{student.name},{student.age},{student.english},{student.python},{student.c}\n")
  42.  
  43.     def add_student(self, student):
  44.         self.students.append(student)
  45.         self.save_to_file()
  46.  
  47.     def delete_student(self, id):
  48.         self.students = [student for student in self.students if student.id != id]
  49.         self.save_to_file()
  50.  
  51.     def update_student(self, id, new_info):
  52.         for student in self.students:
  53.             if student.id == id:
  54.                 student.name = new_info[0]
  55.                 student.age = int(new_info[1])
  56.                 student.english = float(new_info[2])
  57.                 student.python = float(new_info[3])
  58.                 student.c = float(new_info[4])
  59.                 self.save_to_file()
  60.                 break
  61.  
  62.     def sort_students(self):
  63.         self.students.sort(key=lambda student: student.english + student.python + student.c, reverse=True)
  64.  
  65.     def count_students(self):
  66.         return len(self.students)
  67.  
  68.     def show_all_students(self):
  69.         for student in self.students:
  70.             print(student)
  71.  
  72.     def show_student(self, id):
  73.         for student in self.students:
  74.             if student.id == id:
  75.                 print(student)
  76.                 break
  77.  
  78.  
  79. def main():
  80.     manager = StudentManager("students.txt")
  81.     while True:
  82.         print('''
  83.             ------------------------学生信息管理系统------------------------
  84.             |                                                           |
  85.             |==========================功能菜单===========================|
  86.             |                                                           |
  87.             |    1.录入学生信息                                            |
  88.             |    2.查找学生信息                                            |
  89.             |    3.删除学生信息                                            |
  90.             |    4.修改学生信息                                            |
  91.             |    5.排序(成绩从高到低)                                       |
  92.             |    6.统计学生总人数                                           |
  93.             |    7.显示所有学生信息                                         |
  94.             |    0.退出系统                                                |
  95.             |============================================================|
  96.             |                                                            |
  97.             ---------------------------------------------------------------
  98.             '''
  99.               )
  100.         option = input("请选择：")
  101.         if option == "1":
  102.             while True:
  103.                 try:
  104.                     id = input("请输入学生ID: ")
  105.                     name = input("请输入学生姓名: ")
  106.                     age = int(input("请输入学生年龄: "))
  107.                     english = float(input("请输入英语成绩: "))
  108.                     python = float(input("请输入Python成绩: "))
  109.                     c = float(input("请输入C语言成绩: "))
  110.                 except:
  111.                     print("您的输入有误，请重新输入。")
  112.                 else:
  113.                     break
  114.             manager.add_student(Student(id, name, age, english, python, c))
  115.         elif option == "2":
  116.             id = input("请输入要查询的学生ID: ")
  117.             if id in [student.id for student in manager.students]:
  118.                 print(f"学生在系统中")
  119.                 manager.show_student(id)
  120.             else:
  121.                 print(f"没有找到ID: {id}的学生")
  122.         elif option == "3":
  123.             id = input("请输入要删除的学生ID: ")
  124.             manager.delete_student(id)
  125.         elif option == "4":
  126.             while True:
  127.                 id = input("请输入要更新信息的学生ID: ")
  128.                 try:
  129.                     new_info = input("请输入完整的新信息，格式：姓名 年龄 英语成绩 python成绩 c语言成绩:\n").split(" ")
  130.                     manager.update_student(id, new_info)
  131.                 except:
  132.                     print("您的输入有误，请重新输入。")
  133.                 else:
  134.                     break
  135.         elif option == "5":
  136.             manager.sort_students()
  137.         elif option == "6":
  138.             count = manager.count_students()
  139.             print(f"学生总数：{count}")
  140.         elif option == "7":
  141.             manager.show_all_students()
  142.         elif option == "0":
  143.             print("Exiting the system...")
  144.             break
  145.         else:
  146.             print("请输入正确的选项！")
  147.  
  148.  
  149. if __name__ == '__main__':
  150.     main()

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