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下面是一个简单的Python图书管理系统的示例代码,包括用户管理、图书管理、借还管理和系统管理等功能:
import csv import os import hashlib # 定义用户类 class User: def __init__(self, username, password, email, is_admin=False): self.username = username self.password = hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest() self.email = email self.is_admin = is_admin def authenticate(self, password): return self.password == hashlib.sha256(password.encode()).hexdigest() # 定义图书类 class Book: def __init__(self, name, author, publisher, publish_date, isbn, introduction, cover): self.name = name self.author = author self.publisher = publisher self.publish_date = publish_date self.isbn = isbn self.introduction = introduction self.cover = cover self.borrower = None # 定义图书馆类 class Library: def __init__(self): self.books = [] # 添加图书 def add_book(self, book): self.books.append(book) # 删除图书 def delete_book(self, book): if book in self.books: self.books.remove(book) # 查找图书 def search_book(self, keyword): result = [] for book in self.books: if keyword in book.name or keyword in book.author or keyword in book.publisher: result.append(book) return result # 借阅图书 def borrow_book(self, book, user): if book.borrower is None: book.borrower = user else: raise Exception('The book is already borrowed by ' + book.borrower.username) # 归还图书 def return_book(self, book): book.borrower = None # 定义管理员类 class Admin(User): def __init__(self, username, password, email): super().__init__(username, password, email, is_admin=True) # 添加图书 def add_book(self, library, book): library.add_book(book) # 删除图书 def delete_book(self, library, book): library.delete_book(book) # 查找图书 def search_book(self, library, keyword): return library.search_book(keyword) # 定义一个系统类 class System: def __init__(self): self.library = Library() self.users = [] self.current_user = None # 注册用户 def register(self, username, password, email): user = User(username, password, email) self.users.append(user) # 登录 def login(self, username, password): for user in self.users: if user.username == username and user.authenticate(password): self.current_user = user return True return False # 登出 def logout(self): self.current_user = None # 添加管理员 def add_admin(self, username, password, email): admin = Admin(username, password, email) self.users.append(admin) # 添加图书 def add_book(self, book): if isinstance(self.current_user, Admin): self.current_user.add_book(self.library, book) else: raise Exception('Permission denied') # 删除图书 def delete_book(self, book): if isinstance(self.current_user, Admin): self.current_user.delete_book(self.library, book) else: raise Exception('Permission denied') # 查找图书 def search_book(self, keyword): return self.library.search_book(keyword) # 借阅图书 def borrow_book(self, book): if isinstance(self.current_user, User): self.library.borrow_book(book, self.current_user) else: raise Exception('Permission denied') # 归还图书 def return_book(self, book): self.library.return_book(book) # 保存数据 def save_data(self): file_path = 'library.csv' with open(file_path, 'w') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) for book in self.library.books: writer.writerow([book.name, book.author, book.publisher, book.publish_date, book.isbn, book.introduction, book.cover, book.borrower.username if book.borrower is not None else '']) file_path = 'users.csv' with open(file_path, 'w') as f: writer = csv.writer(f) for user in self.users: writer.writerow([user.username, user.password, user.email, user.is_admin]) # 读取数据 def load_data(self): file_path = 'library.csv' if os.path.exists(file_path): with open(file_path, 'r') as f: reader = csv.reader(f) books = [] for row in reader: borrower = None if row[7] != '': for user in self.users: if user.username == row[7]: borrower = user break book = Book(row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4], row[5], row[6]) book.borrower = borrower books.append(book) self.library.books = books file_path = 'users.csv' if os.path.exists(file_path): with open(file_path, 'r') as f: reader = csv.reader(f) users = [] for row in reader: if row[3] == 'True': user = Admin(row[0], row[1], row[2]) else: user = User(row[0], row[1], row[2]) users.append(user) self.users = users # 测试 if __name__ == '__main__': system = System() system.load_data() # 注册用户 system.register('user1', '123456', 'user1@gmail.com') system.register('user2', '123456', 'user2@gmail.com') system.add_admin('admin', '123456', 'admin@gmail.com') # 添加图书 book1 = Book('Python编程入门', 'Jack', '机械工业出版社', '2020-01-01', '9787111579516', 'Python编程入门教材', 'cover1.png') book2 = Book('Python高级编程', 'Tom', '清华大学出版社', '2019-01-01', '9787302423281', 'Python高级编程教材', 'cover2.png') system.add_book(book1) system.add_book(book2) # 登录 system.login('user1', '123456') # 查找图书 books = system.search_book('Python') print('Search Result:') for book in books: print(book.name) # 借阅图书 system.borrow_book(book1) # 登出 system.logout() # 登录管理员 system.login('admin', '123456') # 删除图书 system.delete_book(book2) # 登出 system.logout() # 保存数据 system.save_data()
上述代码实现了一个完整的图书管理系统,包括用户管理、图书管理、借还管理和系统管理等功能。其中,使用了一个User类、Admin类、Book类和Library类。System类用于管理整个系统,实现了注册用户、登录、添加管理员和保存数据等功能。同时,它还实现了添加图书、删除图书、查找图书、借阅图书和归还图书等具体操作。最后,通过load_data函数和save_data函数,实现数据的持久化。
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