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kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server [服务器地址] --replication-factor [副本数] --partitions [分区数] --topic [主题名]
liber@liber-VMware-Virtual-Platform:/home/zookeeper$ docker-compose exec kafka /bin/bash #进入kafka容器
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 3 --topic liber #创建一个主题名叫liber
Created topic liber.注:具有 1 个副本和 3 个分区
在 Kafka 中,分区是主题的子集,每个主题可以分为多个分区。每个分区都是一个独立的日志序列,可以被存储在集群中的不同服务器上。
每个分区有一个领导者副本,负责处理所有读取和写入请求。领导者副本将写入的数据同步到其他副本。除了领导者副本外,其他副本称为追随者副本。它们从领导者那里复制数据,并不直接处理客户端的读写请求。
kafka-topics.sh --describe --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic [主题名]
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --describe --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber
Topic: liber TopicId: tTzq8pWZTIekVoXT35QPWg PartitionCount: 3 ReplicationFactor: 1 Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824
Topic: liber Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1 Isr: 1
Topic: liber Partition: 1 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
Topic: liber Partition: 2 Leader: 3 Replicas: 3 Isr: 3
注:如果省略--topic
参数,则列出所有主题的详细信息。
kafka-topics.sh --alter --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic [主题名] --partitions [新的分区数]
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --alter --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber --partitions 5
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --describe --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber
Topic: liber TopicId: tTzq8pWZTIekVoXT35QPWg PartitionCount: 5 ReplicationFactor: 1 Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824
Topic: liber Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1 Isr: 1
Topic: liber Partition: 1 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
Topic: liber Partition: 2 Leader: 3 Replicas: 3 Isr: 3
Topic: liber Partition: 3 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1 Isr: 1
Topic: liber Partition: 4 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2注:修改liber的分区数到 5
kafka-topics.sh --delete --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic [主题名]
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --delete --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --describe --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber
Error while executing topic command : Topic 'liber' does not exist as expected
[2024-07-22 02:16:33,325] ERROR java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Topic 'liber' does not exist as expected
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.kafka$admin$TopicCommand$$ensureTopicExists(TopicCommand.scala:542)
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$AdminClientTopicService.describeTopic(TopicCommand.scala:317)
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand$.main(TopicCommand.scala:69)
at kafka.admin.TopicCommand.main(TopicCommand.scala)
(kafka.admin.TopicCommand$)
在 Apache Kafka中,生产者(Producer)是负责将数据发送到指定Kafka主题(Topics)的客户端应用程序。生产者可以灵活地发送消息到一个或多个Kafka主题,支持各种发布模式和消息确认机制,以确保消息的可靠性和持久性。
在 Apache Kafka 的上下文中,broker地址列表指 Kafka 集群中一组或多组 broker(服务器)的地址。这些地址用于初始化生产者(producers)、消费者(consumers)、以及其他客户端连接到Kafka集群的过程。
kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list [broker地址列表] --topic [主题名]
bash-5.1# kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic liber
>This is my first event
>This is my second event注:
Ctrl-C
停止生产者客户端。
在 Apache Kafka中,消费者(Consumer)是从Kafka主题(Topics)中读取数据的客户端应用。消费者可以独立使用,或者作为一个消费者群组(Consumer Group)的一部分来运行。使用消费者群组可以有效地在多个消费者实例间分配主题的分区(Partitions),从而提升数据处理的并行性和效率。
kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server [broker地址列表] --topic [主题名] [其他可选参数]
--from-beginning
:如果加上这个参数,消费者将从主题的开始读取所有消息,而不是只读取新消息。--group
:指定消费者群组的ID,用于在多个消费者间共享主题的分区。bash-5.1# kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber --from-beginning
This is my first event
This is my second event注:
Ctrl-C
停止消费者客户端。
kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server [broker地址列表] --topic [主题名] --group [新的或现有的消费者组ID]
消费者组的创建是隐式进行的,当一个或多个消费者客户端连接到 Kafka 并订阅主题时自动完成的。每个消费者在连接时会指定一个组ID,这个组ID在所有消费者中应该是一致的,以表示他们属于同一个消费者组。
bash-5.1# kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic liber --group example_group #创建名为example_group的用户组
注:Ctrl-C
停止等待。
kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server [broker地址列表] --list
bash-5.1# kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --list
example_group
KMOffsetCache-cmak
kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server [broker地址列表] --describe --group [消费者组名]
bash-5.1# kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --describe --group example_group
Consumer group 'example_group' has no active members.
GROUP TOPIC PARTITION CURRENT-OFFSET LOG-END-OFFSET LAG CONSUMER-ID HOST CLIENT-ID
example_group liber 0 1 1 0 - - -
example_group liber 1 0 0 0 - - -
example_group liber 2 1 1 0 - - -bash-5.1# kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --describe --group KMOffsetCache-cmak
GROUP TOPIC PARTITION CURRENT-OFFSET LOG-END-OFFSET LAG CONSUMER-ID HOST CLIENT-ID
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 22 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 30 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 25 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 35 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 37 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
KMOffsetCache-cmak __consumer_offsets 38 - 0 - consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1-3829d91b-249f-491c-8d69-446462d60d61 /192.168.186.77 consumer-KMOffsetCache-cmak-1
kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server [broker地址列表] --delete --group [消费者组名]
bash-5.1# kafka-consumer-groups.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --delete --group example_group
Deletion of requested consumer groups ('example_group') was successful.
- # Kafka Broker 的基本设置
- broker.id=1
- # 每个 Kafka broker 需要一个唯一的 ID。在 Kafka 集群中,每个节点都必须有不同的 ID。
-
- port=9092
- # Kafka 服务端监听的端口,客户端通过此端口与 Kafka 通信。
-
- num.network.threads=3
- # 处理网络请求的线程数,比如接受连接、接受请求、发送响应。调整此值以匹配你的服务器的网络I/O性能。
-
- num.io.threads=8
- # 服务器用于读写操作的线程数。这应该与你的磁盘数量相匹配,以平衡磁盘I/O负载。
-
- socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400
- socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400
- # Socket 发送和接收缓冲区的大小。增加这些值可以提高网络性能,但会增加内存消耗。
-
- log.dirs=/tmp/kafka-logs
- # Kafka 存储消息和日志的目录。可以指定多个目录,Kafka 会平衡跨这些目录的数据。
-
- num.partitions=1
- # Kafka 创建新主题时默认的分区数。分区是并行处理的基础,更多的分区意味着更高的并发。
-
- # 数据保留策略
- log.retention.hours=168
- # Kafka 日志文件保留的最长时间,单位为小时。超过这个时间的日志文件将被自动删除。
-
- log.segment.bytes=1073741824
- # Kafka 日志段的大小。当日志文件达到这个大小时,会新建一个日志文件。
-
- log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000
- # Kafka 检查日志文件是否需要删除的频率,单位为毫秒。
-
- # 副本和同步
- default.replication.factor=1
- # 主题的默认副本数。副本数决定了数据的冗余程度和可用性。
-
- min.insync.replicas=1
- # 在认为生产请求成功之前,必须有这么多副本同步了数据。
-
- # ZooKeeper 配置
- zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181
- # Kafka 使用 ZooKeeper 来维护集群状态,如存储所有broker、主题等信息。此项配置ZooKeeper服务的连接信息。
-
- zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000
- # 连接到 ZooKeeper 的超时时间,单位为毫秒。
-
- # 日志压缩和清理
- log.cleanup.policy=delete
- # 日志的清理策略。"delete" 根据时间或文件大小删除日志;"compact" 根据键合并日志。
-
- # 安全性设置
- listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092
- # 定义 Kafka 服务的监听地址,支持 PLAINTEXT、SSL 等多种协议。
-
- # 高级SSL和SASL配置
- # ssl.keystore.location=/path/to/keystore.jks
- # ssl.keystore.password=your-keystore-pass
- # ssl.key.password=your-key-pass
- # sasl.enabled.mechanisms=PLAIN
- # sasl.mechanism.inter.broker.protocol=PLAIN
- # 配置 SSL 和 SASL,用于安全的客户端和 broker 之间的通信。
-
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --create --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 3 --topic product
Created topic product.
bash-5.1# kafka-topics.sh --describe --bootstrap-server localhost:9092 --topic product
Topic: product TopicId: JdkFmgvOQlKBCCsCVDTo1Q PartitionCount: 3 ReplicationFactor: 1 Configs: segment.bytes=1073741824
Topic: product Partition: 0 Leader: 1 Replicas: 1 Isr: 1
Topic: product Partition: 1 Leader: 2 Replicas: 2 Isr: 2
Topic: product Partition: 2 Leader: 3 Replicas: 3 Isr: 3
- <parent>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
- <version>3.3.2</version>
- <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
- </parent>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
- <version>8.3.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
- <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
- <optional>true</optional>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- create database orders;
-
- use orders;
-
- CREATE TABLE products
- (
- product_id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
- product_name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
- price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
- stock INT NOT NULL,
- description TEXT,
- version INT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
- );
- INSERT INTO products (products.product_id,product_name, price, stock, description)
- VALUES (1,'大白菜', 5.99, 200, '新鲜的大白菜,来自农民的直供'),
- (2,'红富士苹果', 3.50, 150, '甜美多汁的红富士苹果,一箱包含20个'),
- (3,'五花肉', 45.00, 100, '优质五花肉,适合各种烹饪方式'),
- (4,'东北大米', 60.00, 300, '东北粳米,粒粒香甜,适合日常食用'),
- (5,'速溶咖啡', 70.00, 80, '进口速溶咖啡,简单快捷,口味纯正');
- spring:
- application:
- name: spring_kafka
- datasource:
- url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/orders?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
- username: root
- password: 123456
- driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
-
- jpa:
- hibernate:
- ddl-auto: update
- show-sql: true
- open-in-view: false
-
-
- kafka:
- consumer:
- bootstrap-servers: 192.168.186.77:9092,192.168.186.18:9092,192.168.186.216:9092
- group-id: secKill-group
- auto-offset-reset: earliest
- key-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
- value-deserializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
- producer:
- bootstrap-servers: 192.168.186.77:9092,192.168.186.18:9092,192.168.186.216:9092
- key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
- value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer
- package org.example;
-
- import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
-
- @SpringBootApplication
- public class SpringKafkaApplication {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- SpringApplication.run(SpringKafkaApplication.class, args);
- }
- }
- package org.example.entity;
-
- import jakarta.persistence.*;
- import lombok.Getter;
- import lombok.Setter;
-
- import java.math.BigDecimal;
-
- @Getter
- @Setter
- @Entity
- @Table(name = "products")
- public class Product {
- @Id
- @Column(name = "product_id", nullable = false)
- private Long id;
-
- @Column(name = "product_name", nullable = false)
- private String productName;
-
- @Column(name = "price", nullable = false, precision = 10, scale = 2)
- private BigDecimal price;
-
- @Column(name = "stock", nullable = false)
- private Integer stock;
-
- @Lob
- @Column(name = "description")
- private String description;
-
- @Version
- private int version; // 乐观锁字段
- }
- package org.example.repository;
-
- import org.example.entity.Product;
- import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
-
- @Repository
- public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product,Long> {
-
- }
- package org.example.service;
-
- import org.example.entity.Product;
- import org.example.repository.ProductRepository;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
-
- @Service
- public class ProductService {
- @Autowired
- private ProductRepository productRepository;
-
- @Transactional
- //检查是否还有库存
- public boolean attemptPurchase(Long productId, int quantity) {
- Product product = productRepository.findById(productId).orElse(null);
- if (product != null && product.getStock() >= quantity) {
- product.setStock(product.getStock() - quantity);
- productRepository.save(product);
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- //获取全部产品
- public Product getProduct(Long productId) {
- return productRepository.findById(productId).orElse(null);
- }
- }
- package org.example.service;
-
- import org.example.entity.Product;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
- import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
- @Service
- public class KafkaMessageService {
- @Autowired
- private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;
-
- @Autowired
- private ProductService productService;
-
- // 将秒杀请求发送到 Kafka
- public Object sendKill(String topic, String productId) {
- kafkaTemplate.send(topic, productId);
- Product product = productService.getProduct(Long.valueOf(productId));
- return product;
- }
-
- @KafkaListener(topics = "product", groupId = "secKill-group")
- public void receiveKillRequest(String productId) {
- boolean success = productService.attemptPurchase(Long.parseLong(productId), 1);
- if (success) {
- System.out.println("秒杀成功!剩余库存:"+productService.getProduct(Long.valueOf(productId)).getStock());
- } else {
- System.out.println("秒杀失败!库存不足...")
- ;
- }
- }
- }
- package org.example.controller;
- import org.example.service.KafkaMessageService;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
-
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping("/kill")
- public class killController {
- @Autowired
- private KafkaMessageService kafkaMessageService;
-
- @GetMapping("/{productId}")
- public ResponseEntity<?> initiateSeckill(@PathVariable String productId) {
- Object o = kafkaMessageService.sendKill("product", productId);
- return ResponseEntity.ok().body(o);
- }
- }
通过命令行实现kafka的快速入门,并实现简单的秒杀案例,仅供学习参考。
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