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WebSocket是基于TCP的一种新的网络协议。它实现了浏览器与服务器全双工通信——浏览器和服务器只需要完成一次握手,两者之间就可以创建持久性的连接,并进行双向数据传输。
应用场景:
- <!DOCTYPE HTML>
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta charset="UTF-8">
- <title>WebSocket Demo</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <input id="text" type="text" />
- <button onclick="send()">发送消息</button>
- <button onclick="closeWebSocket()">关闭连接</button>
- <div id="message">
- </div>
- </body>
- <script type="text/javascript">
- var websocket = null;
- var clientId = Math.random().toString(36).substr(2);
-
- //判断当前浏览器是否支持WebSocket
- if('WebSocket' in window){
- //连接WebSocket节点
- websocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws/"+clientId);
- }
- else{
- alert('Not support websocket')
- }
-
- //连接发生错误的回调方法
- websocket.onerror = function(){
- setMessageInnerHTML("error");
- };
-
- //连接成功建立的回调方法
- websocket.onopen = function(){
- setMessageInnerHTML("连接成功");
- }
-
- //接收到消息的回调方法
- websocket.onmessage = function(event){
- setMessageInnerHTML(event.data);
- }
-
- //连接关闭的回调方法
- websocket.onclose = function(){
- setMessageInnerHTML("close");
- }
-
- //监听窗口关闭事件,当窗口关闭时,主动去关闭websocket连接,防止连接还没断开就关闭窗口,server端会抛异常。
- window.onbeforeunload = function(){
- websocket.close();
- }
-
- //将消息显示在网页上
- function setMessageInnerHTML(innerHTML){
- document.getElementById('message').innerHTML += innerHTML + '<br/>';
- }
-
- //发送消息
- function send(){
- var message = document.getElementById('text').value;
- websocket.send(message);
- }
-
- //关闭连接
- function closeWebSocket() {
- websocket.close();
- }
- </script>
- </html>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
- </dependency>
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import javax.websocket.OnClose;
- import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
- import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
- import javax.websocket.Session;
- import javax.websocket.server.PathParam;
- import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
- import java.util.Collection;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- /**
- * WebSocket服务
- */
- @Component
- @ServerEndpoint("/ws/{sid}")
- public class WebSocketServer {
-
- //存放会话对象
- private static Map<String, Session> sessionMap = new HashMap();
-
- /**
- * 连接建立成功调用的方法
- */
- @OnOpen
- public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam("sid") String sid) {
- System.out.println("客户端:" + sid + "建立连接");
- sessionMap.put(sid, session);
- }
-
- /**
- * 收到客户端消息后调用的方法
- *
- * @param message 客户端发送过来的消息
- */
- @OnMessage
- public void onMessage(String message, @PathParam("sid") String sid) {
- System.out.println("收到来自客户端:" + sid + "的信息:" + message);
- }
-
- /**
- * 连接关闭调用的方法
- *
- * @param sid
- */
- @OnClose
- public void onClose(@PathParam("sid") String sid) {
- System.out.println("连接断开:" + sid);
- sessionMap.remove(sid);
- }
-
- /**
- * 群发
- *
- * @param message
- */
- public void sendToAllClient(String message) {
- Collection<Session> sessions = sessionMap.values();
- for (Session session : sessions) {
- try {
- //服务器向客户端发送消息
- session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
-
- }
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter;
-
- /**
- * WebSocket配置类,用于注册WebSocket的Bean
- */
- @Configuration
- public class WebSocketConfiguration {
-
- @Bean
- public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() {
- return new ServerEndpointExporter();
- }
-
- }
- import com.sky.websocket.WebSocketServer;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import java.time.LocalDateTime;
- import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
-
- @Component
- public class WebSocketTask {
- @Autowired
- private WebSocketServer webSocketServer;
-
- /**
- * 通过WebSocket每隔5秒向客户端发送消息
- */
- @Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * ?")
- public void sendMessageToClient() {
- webSocketServer.sendToAllClient("这是来自服务端的消息:" + DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss").format(LocalDateTime.now()));
- }
- }
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