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代码地址:GitHub - passerbyYSQ/DemoRepository: 各种开发小demo
开放接口是指不需要登录凭证就允许被第三方系统调用的接口。为了防止开放接口被恶意调用,开放接口一般都需要验签才能被调用。提供开放接口的系统下面统一简称为"原系统"。
验签是指第三方系统在调用接口之前,需要按照原系统的规则根据所有请求参数生成一个签名(字符串),在调用接口时携带该签名。原系统会验证签名的有效性,只有签名验证有效才能正常调用接口,否则请求会被驳回。
第三方系统作为调用方,需要与原系统协商约定签名算法(下面以SHA256withRSA签名算法为例)。同时约定一个名称(callerID),以便在原系统中来唯一标识调用方系统。
签名算法约定后之后,原系统会为每一个调用方系统专门生成一个专属的非对称密钥对(RSA密钥对)。私钥颁发给调用方系统,公钥由原系统持有。注意,调用方系统需要保管好私钥(存到调用方系统的后端)。因为对于原系统而言,调用方系统是消息的发送方,其持有的私钥唯一标识了它的身份是原系统受信任的调用方。调用方系统的私钥一旦泄露,调用方对原系统毫无信任可言。
签名算法约定后之后,生成签名的原理如下(活动图)。为了确保生成签名的处理细节与原系统的验签逻辑是匹配的,原系统一般都提供jar包或者代码片段给调用方来生成签名,否则可能会因为一些处理细节不一致导致生成的签名是无效的。
路径参数中放入约定好的callerID,请求头中放入调用方自己生成的签名
相关的自定义yml配置如下。RSA的公钥和私钥可以使用hutool的SecureUtil工具类来生成,注意公钥和私钥是base64编码后的字符串
定义一个配置类来存储上述相关的自定义yml配置
- import cn.hutool.crypto.asymmetric.SignAlgorithm;
- import lombok.Data;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnProperty;
- import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
- import java.util.Map;
-
- /**
- * 签名的相关配置
- */
- @Data
- @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "secure.signature.enable", havingValue = "true") // 根据条件注入bean
- @Component
- @ConfigurationProperties("secure.signature")
- public class SignatureProps {
- private Boolean enable;
- private Map<String, KeyPairProps> keyPair;
-
- @Data
- public static class KeyPairProps {
- private SignAlgorithm algorithm;
- private String publicKeyPath;
- private String publicKey;
- private String privateKeyPath;
- private String privateKey;
- }
- }
定义一个管理类,持有上述配置,并暴露生成签名和校验签名的方法。
注意,生成的签名是将字节数组进行十六进制编码后的字符串,验签时需要将签名字符串进行十六进制解码成字节数组
- import cn.hutool.core.io.IoUtil;
- import cn.hutool.core.io.resource.ResourceUtil;
- import cn.hutool.core.util.HexUtil;
- import cn.hutool.crypto.SecureUtil;
- import cn.hutool.crypto.asymmetric.Sign;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.model.SignatureProps;
-
- import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-
- @ConditionalOnBean(SignatureProps.class)
- @Component
- public class SignatureManager {
- private final SignatureProps signatureProps;
-
- public SignatureManager(SignatureProps signatureProps) {
- this.signatureProps = signatureProps;
- loadKeyPairByPath();
- }
-
- /**
- * 验签。验证不通过可能抛出运行时异常CryptoException
- *
- * @param callerID 调用方的唯一标识
- * @param rawData 原数据
- * @param signature 待验证的签名(十六进制字符串)
- * @return 验证是否通过
- */
- public boolean verifySignature(String callerID, String rawData, String signature) {
- Sign sign = getSignByCallerID(callerID);
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(sign)) {
- return false;
- }
-
- // 使用公钥验签
- return sign.verify(rawData.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), HexUtil.decodeHex(signature));
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成签名
- *
- * @param callerID 调用方的唯一标识
- * @param rawData 原数据
- * @return 签名(十六进制字符串)
- */
- public String sign(String callerID, String rawData) {
- Sign sign = getSignByCallerID(callerID);
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(sign)) {
- return null;
- }
- return sign.signHex(rawData);
- }
-
- public SignatureProps getSignatureProps() {
- return signatureProps;
- }
-
- public SignatureProps.KeyPairProps getKeyPairPropsByCallerID(String callerID) {
- return signatureProps.getKeyPair().get(callerID);
- }
-
- private Sign getSignByCallerID(String callerID) {
- SignatureProps.KeyPairProps keyPairProps = signatureProps.getKeyPair().get(callerID);
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(keyPairProps)) {
- return null; // 无效的、不受信任的调用方
- }
- return SecureUtil.sign(keyPairProps.getAlgorithm(), keyPairProps.getPrivateKey(), keyPairProps.getPublicKey());
- }
-
- /**
- * 加载非对称密钥对
- */
- private void loadKeyPairByPath() {
- // 支持类路径配置,形如:classpath:secure/public.txt
- // 公钥和私钥都是base64编码后的字符串
- signatureProps.getKeyPair()
- .forEach((key, keyPairProps) -> {
- // 如果配置了XxxKeyPath,则优先XxxKeyPath
- keyPairProps.setPublicKey(loadKeyByPath(keyPairProps.getPublicKeyPath()));
- keyPairProps.setPrivateKey(loadKeyByPath(keyPairProps.getPrivateKeyPath()));
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(keyPairProps.getPublicKey()) ||
- ObjectUtils.isEmpty(keyPairProps.getPrivateKey())) {
- throw new RuntimeException("No public and private key files configured");
- }
- });
- }
-
- private String loadKeyByPath(String path) {
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(path)) {
- return null;
- }
- return IoUtil.readUtf8(ResourceUtil.getStream(path));
- }
- }
有些接口需要验签,但有些接口并不需要,为了灵活控制哪些接口需要验签,自定义一个验签注解
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
-
- /**
- * 该注解标注于Controller类的方法上,表明该请求的参数需要校验签名
- */
- @Documented
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
- public @interface VerifySignature {
- }
验签逻辑不能放在拦截器中,因为拦截器中不能直接读取body的输入流,否则会造成后续@RequestBody的参数解析器读取不到body。
由于body输入流只能读取一次,因此需要使用ContentCachingRequestWrapper包装请求,缓存body内容(见第5点),但是该类的缓存时机是在@RequestBody的参数解析器中。
因此,满足2个条件才能获取到ContentCachingRequestWrapper中的body缓存:
综上,注意,标注了@VerifySignature注解的controlle层方法的入参必须存在@RequestBody,AOP中验签时才能获取到body的缓存!
- import cn.hutool.crypto.CryptoException;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
- import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
- import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.util.ContentCachingRequestWrapper;
- import top.ysqorz.common.constant.BaseConstant;
- import top.ysqorz.config.SpringContextHolder;
- import top.ysqorz.config.aspect.PointCutDef;
- import top.ysqorz.exception.auth.AuthorizationException;
- import top.ysqorz.exception.param.ParamInvalidException;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.model.SignStatusCode;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.model.SignatureProps;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.util.CommonUtils;
-
- import javax.annotation.Resource;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- @ConditionalOnBean(SignatureProps.class)
- @Component
- @Slf4j
- @Aspect
- public class RequestSignatureAspect implements PointCutDef {
- @Resource
- private SignatureManager signatureManager;
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(top.ysqorz.signature.enumeration.VerifySignature)")
- public void annotatedMethod() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@within(top.ysqorz.signature.enumeration.VerifySignature)")
- public void annotatedClass() {
- }
-
- @Before("apiMethod() && (annotatedMethod() || annotatedClass())")
- public void verifySignature() {
- HttpServletRequest request = SpringContextHolder.getRequest();
-
- String callerID = request.getParameter(BaseConstant.PARAM_CALLER_ID);
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(callerID)) {
- throw new AuthorizationException(SignStatusCode.UNTRUSTED_CALLER); // 不受信任的调用方
- }
-
- // 从请求头中提取签名,不存在直接驳回
- String signature = request.getHeader(BaseConstant.X_REQUEST_SIGNATURE);
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(signature)) {
- throw new ParamInvalidException(SignStatusCode.REQUEST_SIGNATURE_INVALID); // 无效签名
- }
-
- // 提取请求参数
- String requestParamsStr = extractRequestParams(request);
- // 验签。验签不通过抛出业务异常
- verifySignature(callerID, requestParamsStr, signature);
- }
-
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- public String extractRequestParams(HttpServletRequest request) {
- // @RequestBody
- String body = null;
- // 验签逻辑不能放在拦截器中,因为拦截器中不能直接读取body的输入流,否则会造成后续@RequestBody的参数解析器读取不到body
- // 由于body输入流只能读取一次,因此需要使用ContentCachingRequestWrapper包装请求,缓存body内容,但是该类的缓存时机是在@RequestBody的参数解析器中
- // 因此满足2个条件才能使用ContentCachingRequestWrapper中的body缓存
- // 1. 接口的入参必须存在@RequestBody
- // 2. 读取body缓存的时机必须在@RequestBody的参数解析之后,比如说:AOP、Controller层的逻辑内。注意拦截器的时机是在参数解析之前的
- if (request instanceof ContentCachingRequestWrapper) {
- ContentCachingRequestWrapper requestWrapper = (ContentCachingRequestWrapper) request;
- body = new String(requestWrapper.getContentAsByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
- }
-
- // @RequestParam
- Map<String, String[]> paramMap = request.getParameterMap();
-
- // @PathVariable
- ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, null);
- Map<String, String> uriTemplateVarNap = (Map<String, String>) webRequest.getAttribute(
- HandlerMapping.URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE, RequestAttributes.SCOPE_REQUEST);
-
- return CommonUtils.extractRequestParams(body, paramMap, uriTemplateVarNap);
- }
-
- /**
- * 验证请求参数的签名
- */
- public void verifySignature(String callerID, String requestParamsStr, String signature) {
- try {
- boolean verified = signatureManager.verifySignature(callerID, requestParamsStr, signature);
- if (!verified) {
- throw new CryptoException("The signature verification result is false.");
- }
- } catch (Exception ex) {
- log.error("Failed to verify signature", ex);
- throw new AuthorizationException(SignStatusCode.REQUEST_SIGNATURE_INVALID); // 转换为业务异常抛出
- }
- }
- }
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
-
- public interface PointCutDef {
- @Pointcut("execution(public * top.ysqorz..controller.*.*(..))")
- default void controllerMethod() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping)")
- default void postMapping() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping)")
- default void getMapping() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping)")
- default void putMapping() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping)")
- default void deleteMapping() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("@annotation(org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping)")
- default void requestMapping() {
- }
-
- @Pointcut("controllerMethod() && (requestMapping() || postMapping() || getMapping() || putMapping() || deleteMapping())")
- default void apiMethod() {
- }
- }
解决方案就是包装请求,缓存请求体。SpringBoot也提供了ContentCachingRequestWrapper来解决这个问题。但是第4点中也详细描述了,由于它的缓存时机,所以它的使用有限制条件。也可以参考网上的方案,自己实现一个请求的包装类来缓存请求体
- import lombok.NonNull;
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
- import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;
- import org.springframework.web.util.ContentCachingRequestWrapper;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.model.SignatureProps;
-
- import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- import java.io.IOException;
-
- @ConditionalOnBean(SignatureProps.class)
- @Component
- public class RequestCachingFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
- /**
- * This {@code doFilter} implementation stores a request attribute for
- * "already filtered", proceeding without filtering again if the
- * attribute is already there.
- *
- * @param request request
- * @param response response
- * @param filterChain filterChain
- * @see #getAlreadyFilteredAttributeName
- * @see #shouldNotFilter
- * @see #doFilterInternal
- */
- @Override
- protected void doFilterInternal(@NonNull HttpServletRequest request, @NonNull HttpServletResponse response, @NonNull FilterChain filterChain)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- boolean isFirstRequest = !isAsyncDispatch(request);
- HttpServletRequest requestWrapper = request;
- if (isFirstRequest && !(request instanceof ContentCachingRequestWrapper)) {
- requestWrapper = new ContentCachingRequestWrapper(request);
- }
- filterChain.doFilter(requestWrapper, response);
- }
- }
注册过滤器
- import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnBean;
- import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import top.ysqorz.signature.model.SignatureProps;
-
- @Configuration
- public class FilterConfig {
- @ConditionalOnBean(SignatureProps.class)
- @Bean
- public FilterRegistrationBean<RequestCachingFilter> requestCachingFilterRegistration(
- RequestCachingFilter requestCachingFilter) {
- FilterRegistrationBean<RequestCachingFilter> bean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>(requestCachingFilter);
- bean.setOrder(1);
- return bean;
- }
- }
- import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
- import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
- import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
-
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
- public class CommonUtils {
- /**
- * 提取所有的请求参数,按照固定规则拼接成一个字符串
- *
- * @param body post请求的请求体
- * @param paramMap 路径参数(QueryString)。形如:name=zhangsan&age=18&label=A&label=B
- * @param uriTemplateVarNap 路径变量(PathVariable)。形如:/{name}/{age}
- * @return 所有的请求参数按照固定规则拼接成的一个字符串
- */
- public static String extractRequestParams(@Nullable String body, @Nullable Map<String, String[]> paramMap,
- @Nullable Map<String, String> uriTemplateVarNap) {
- // body: { userID: "xxx" }
-
- // 路径参数
- // name=zhangsan&age=18&label=A&label=B
- // => ["name=zhangsan", "age=18", "label=A,B"]
- // => name=zhangsan&age=18&label=A,B
- String paramStr = null;
- if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(paramMap)) {
- paramStr = paramMap.entrySet().stream()
- .sorted(Map.Entry.comparingByKey())
- .map(entry -> {
- // 拷贝一份按字典序升序排序
- String[] sortedValue = Arrays.stream(entry.getValue()).sorted().toArray(String[]::new);
- return entry.getKey() + "=" + joinStr(",", sortedValue);
- })
- .collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
- }
-
- // 路径变量
- // /{name}/{age} => /zhangsan/18 => zhangsan,18
- String uriVarStr = null;
- if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(uriTemplateVarNap)) {
- uriVarStr = joinStr(",", uriTemplateVarNap.values().stream().sorted().toArray(String[]::new));
- }
-
- // { userID: "xxx" }#name=zhangsan&age=18&label=A,B#zhangsan,18
- return joinStr("#", body, paramStr, uriVarStr);
- }
-
- /**
- * 使用指定分隔符,拼接字符串
- *
- * @param delimiter 分隔符
- * @param strs 需要拼接的多个字符串,可以为null
- * @return 拼接后的新字符串
- */
- public static String joinStr(String delimiter, @Nullable String... strs) {
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(strs)) {
- return StrUtil.EMPTY;
- }
- StringBuilder sbd = new StringBuilder();
- for (int i = 0; i < strs.length; i++) {
- if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(strs[i])) {
- continue;
- }
- sbd.append(strs[i].trim());
- if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(sbd) && i < strs.length - 1 && !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(strs[i + 1])) {
- sbd.append(delimiter);
- }
- }
- return sbd.toString();
- }
- }
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