【鸿蒙】鸿蒙操作系统应用开发入门级初体验_mainability.java

作者：你好赵伟 | 2024-03-17 19:48:59

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mainability.java

一鸿蒙相关资源

二创建新工程

三程序设计

一鸿蒙相关资源

鸿蒙学堂：https://hmxt.org/

二创建新工程

（1）下载鸿蒙的IDE：DevEco Studio，安装过程一路next即可；

（2）安装好之后，新建工程，我这边使用Java进行开发，所以选择Empty Ability(Java)，选择完成之后，点击Next:

（3）工程配置，主要配置一下设备类型，我这边选择了可穿戴设备：

（4）编译运行需要模拟器，在Tools-Device Manager中可以申请华为的云端资源进行模拟运行，这个过程中需要华为账号，以及一些身份认证等，按照流程完成之后，就会有设备可供选择操作，不过只有一小时的使用时间：

三程序设计

这边程序设计参考了官方提供的入门文档中的例程，主要要是可穿戴设备中的两个界面切换功能：

（1）设计两个界面：在图示路径下新建两个xml文件ability_main、ability_second，这两个文件用于界面布局，效果如下：

ability_main.xml代码如下：


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    ohos:background_element="#000000">
 
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:text="Hello World"
        ohos:text_color="white"
        ohos:text_size="32fp"
        />
 
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button1"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="19fp"
        ohos:text="Next"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:right_padding="80vp"
        ohos:left_padding="80vp"
        ohos:text_color="white"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_main"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

ability_second.xml代码如下：


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical"
    ohos:background_element="#000000">
 
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_second"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:text="Nice to eat you!"
        ohos:text_color="white"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        />
 
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button2"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="19fp"
        ohos:text="Back"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:right_padding="80vp"
        ohos:left_padding="80vp"
        ohos:text_color="white"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_main"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"
        ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

（2）加载布局：在图示路径下新建两个源文件MainAbility、SecondAbility，并通过重写onStart的方法加载布局：

MainAbility.java代码如下：


package com.example.myapplication;
 
import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
 
public class MainAbility extends Ability {
 
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive(){
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent){
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

SecondAbility.java代码如下：


package com.example.myapplication;
 
import com.example.myapplication.slice.SecondAbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
import ohos.agp.colors.RgbColor;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout.LayoutConfig;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.element.ShapeElement;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
 
import static ohos.agp.components.ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT;
import static ohos.agp.components.ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT;
 
public class SecondAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_second);
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive(){
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent){
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

（3）点击交互：通过在MainAbility中点击Next或者在SecondAbility中点击Back实现两个界面的切换，这就需要重写onStart方法添加按钮响应逻辑：

MainAbility.java代码如下：


package com.example.myapplication;
 
import com.example.myapplication.slice.MainAbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
import ohos.agp.components.*;
 
public class MainAbility extends Ability {
 
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        Button button1 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button1);
 
        if(button1 != null){
            //为按钮设置点击回调
            button1.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(Component component) {
                    Intent secondIntent = new Intent();
                    //指定待启动FA的bundleName和abilityName
                    Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                            .withDeviceId("")
                            .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
                            .withAbilityName("com.example.myapplication.SecondAbility")
                            .build();
                    secondIntent.setOperation(operation);
                    //通过AbilitySlice的startAbility接口实现启动另一个界面
                    startAbility(secondIntent);
                }
            });
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive(){
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent){
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

SecondAbility.java代码如下：


package com.example.myapplication;
 
import com.example.myapplication.slice.SecondAbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.Ability;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Operation;
import ohos.agp.colors.RgbColor;
import ohos.agp.components.Button;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout;
import ohos.agp.components.DependentLayout.LayoutConfig;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
import ohos.agp.components.element.ShapeElement;
import ohos.agp.utils.Color;
 
import static ohos.agp.components.ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT;
import static ohos.agp.components.ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT;
 
public class SecondAbility extends Ability {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_second);
 
        Button button2 = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_button2);
 
        if(button2 != null){
            //为按钮设置点击回调
            button2.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(Component component) {
                    Intent mianIntent = new Intent();
                    //指定待启动FA的bundleName和abilityName
                    Operation operation = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                            .withDeviceId("")
                            .withBundleName("com.example.myapplication")
                            .withAbilityName("com.example.myapplication.MainAbility")
                            .build();
                    mianIntent.setOperation(operation);
                    //通过AbilitySlice的startAbility接口实现启动另一个界面
                    startAbility(mianIntent);
                }
            });
        }
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive(){
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent){
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

（4）模拟器测试：在之前申请到的模拟器上测试刚编译完成的程序，可以通过点击Next或者Back按钮实现两个界面的切换：

至此，初体验了一下华为鸿蒙IDE的使用和基于鸿蒙平台的简单程序开发过程，感觉跟Andrio Studio的使用差不多，要是熟悉安卓开发的朋友，应该能够比较轻松地接入基于鸿蒙的开发。

这边只是一个入门体验，后续还需持续学习。

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【鸿蒙】鸿蒙操作系统应用开发入门级初体验_mainability.java

一 鸿蒙相关资源

二 创建新工程

三 程序设计

一鸿蒙相关资源

二创建新工程

三程序设计