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ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
(数组越界异常)通常在尝试访问数组中不存在的索引位置时抛出。以下是可能导致该异常的一些原因以及相应的解决办法:
访问数组时使用了负数索引:
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int[] array = {1, 2, 3}; // Incorrect: using a negative index int value = array[-1]; // This will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
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// Correct: use a non-negative index int index = 0; if (index >= 0 && index < array.length) { int valueCorrect = array[index]; // Continue with operations using valueCorrect } else { // Handle the case when the index is out of bounds }
访问数组时使用了超出数组长度的索引:
[0, 数组长度-1]
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int[] array = {1, 2, 3}; // Incorrect: using an index greater than or equal to array length int value = array[3]; // This will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
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// Correct: use an index within the valid range int index = 2; if (index >= 0 && index < array.length) { int valueCorrect = array[index]; // Continue with operations using valueCorrect } else { // Handle the case when the index is out of bounds }
多维数组中的索引越界:
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int[][] matrix = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}}; // Incorrect: using an out-of-bounds index for the second dimension int value = matrix[0][2]; // This will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
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// Correct: use indices within the valid range for each dimension int rowIndex = 0; int colIndex = 1; if (rowIndex >= 0 && rowIndex < matrix.length && colIndex >= 0 && colIndex < matrix[0].length) { int valueCorrect = matrix[rowIndex][colIndex]; // Continue with operations using valueCorrect } else { // Handle the case when the indices are out of bounds }
循环中的索引控制不当:
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int[] array = {1, 2, 3}; // Incorrect: loop condition allows for an out-of-bounds index for (int i = 0; i <= array.length; i++) { int value = array[i]; // This will throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException // Continue with operations using value }
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// Correct: adjust loop condition to prevent out-of-bounds index for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { int valueCorrect = array[i]; // Continue with operations using valueCorrect }
使用增强型for
循环时的控制不当:
for
循环时,对数组的遍历可能导致越界异常。for
循环时,确保不会越界访问数组。javaCopy code
int[] array = {1, 2, 3}; // Incorrect: using enhanced for loop without bounds checking for (int value : array) { // Continue with operations using value }
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// Correct: use traditional for loop with bounds checking for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { int valueCorrect = array[i]; // Continue with operations using valueCorrect }
确保在访问数组时,索引值在有效范围内,并在需要时进行适当的边界检查,可以有效地避免ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
。
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