【Java后端微信订阅消息推送】_java 如何实现服务端主动推消息至小程序

java 后端对微信小程序的消息订阅与推送，主要是利用小程序传值一个固定的code ，然后通过小程序 appId 和 secret ，获取access_token ，最后按照微信申请的消息发送模板进行推送。

获取access_token

 public static String getAccessToken(String appid, String secret, Object dto) {
        String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";
        String param = "grant_type=client_credential&appid=" + appid + "&secret=" + secret;
        String result = HttpUtils.sendGet(url, param);
        JSONObject object = JSON.parseObject(result);
        String access_token = object.getString("access_token");
        return access_token;
}
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微信推送需要对应的账号所登陆小程序的openId

我这里是将用户登陆微信小程序时，保存openId到redis中

 // 获取微信相关信息
    public SysUser weChatLogin(SysUser sysUser, String wechatcode) {
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(wechatcode)) {//微信登录
            //填写你小程序的appid 和 secret ,  还有前端传给你的code ,最后一个参数是固定的
            String token_url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/jscode2session";// 官网默认请求接口
            String param = "appid=" + thirdAppConfig.getWechat().getClientId()
             + "&secret=" + thirdAppConfig.getWechat().getClientSecret() 
             + "&js_code=" + wechatcode 
             + "&grant_type=authorization_code";
            String json = HttpUtils.sendGet(token_url, param);
            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(json)) {
                JSONObject object = JSON.parseObject(json);
                if (object != null) {
                    //错误码
                    String errcode = object.getString("errcode");
                    //错误信息
                    String errmsg = object.getString("errmsg");
                    if ("-1".equals(errcode)) {
                        System.err.println(errmsg);
                        return null;
                    }
                    if ("4029".equals(errcode)) {
                        System.err.println(errmsg);
                        return null;
                    }
                    if ("45011".equals(errcode)) {
                        System.err.println(errmsg);
                        return null;
                    } else {//证明没问题
                        //保存openid 到你的数据库， 调用你的service 业务
                        String openId = object.getString("openid");
                        sysUser.setOpenid(openId);
                        sysUser.setUnionId(object.getString("unionid"));
                        sysUser.setSessionKey(object.getString("session_key"));//会话密钥 session_key
                        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
                        map.put("openId",openId);
                        redisCache.setCacheMap(sysUser.getUserId().toString(),map);
                    }
                }

            }
        }
        return sysUser;
    }
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通过token进行访问微信小程序，然后根据openId进行精确消息订阅推送

 // 订阅消息推送
public static String getInfo(String appid, String secret, Object dto) {

        String Access_Token = "";// 根据自己存储的方式获取token
		// 微信小程序官方文档上可以看的请求地址
        String requestUrl = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN";
       
        requestUrl = requestUrl.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", Access_Token);
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String json = restTemplate.postForObject(requestUrl, dto, String.class);
        if (json != null) {
            JSONObject jsonResult = JSONObject.parseObject(json);
            System.out.println(jsonResult);
            int errorCode = jsonResult.getInteger("errcode");
            String errorMessage = jsonResult.getString("errmsg");
            if (errorCode == 0) {
                System.out.println("Send Success");
            } else {
                System.out.println("订阅消息发送失败:" + errorCode + "," + errorMessage);
            }
            System.out.println(json);
            return json;
        }
        return null;
    }
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Http请求工具类

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.mskj.common.constant.Constants;
import com.mskj.common.utils.StringUtils;

/**
 * 通用http发送方法
 * 
 * @author mskj
 */
public class HttpUtils
{
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url 发送请求的 URL
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url)
    {
        return sendGet(url, StringUtils.EMPTY);
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url 发送请求的 URL
     * @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param)
    {
        return sendGet(url, param, Constants.UTF8);
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送GET方法的请求
     *
     * @param url 发送请求的 URL
     * @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @param contentType 编码类型
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url, String param, String contentType)
    {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try
        {
            String urlNameString = StringUtils.isNotBlank(param) ? url + "?" + param : url;
            log.info("sendGet - {}", urlNameString);
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            connection.connect();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), contentType));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
            {
                result.append(line);
            }
            log.info("recv - {}", result);
        }
        catch (ConnectException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendGet IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendGet Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                if (in != null)
                {
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 向指定 URL 发送POST方法的请求
     *
     * @param url 发送请求的 URL
     * @param param 请求参数，请求参数应该是 name1=value1&name2=value2 的形式。
     * @return 所代表远程资源的响应结果
     */
    public static String sendPost(String url, String param)
    {
        PrintWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        try
        {
            String urlNameString = url;
            log.info("sendPost - {}", urlNameString);
            URL realUrl = new URL(urlNameString);
            URLConnection conn = realUrl.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            out = new PrintWriter(conn.getOutputStream());
            out.print(param);
            out.flush();
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream(), "utf-8"));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null)
            {
                result.append(line);
            }
            log.info("recv - {}", result);
        }
        catch (ConnectException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                if (out != null)
                {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null)
                {
                    in.close();
                }
            }
            catch (IOException ex)
            {
                log.error("调用in.close Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, ex);
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    public static String sendSSLPost(String url, String param)
    {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        String urlNameString = url + "?" + param;
        try
        {
            log.info("sendSSLPost - {}", urlNameString);
            SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
            sc.init(null, new TrustManager[] { new TrustAnyTrustManager() }, new java.security.SecureRandom());
            URL console = new URL(urlNameString);
            HttpsURLConnection conn = (HttpsURLConnection) console.openConnection();
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
            conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
            conn.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            conn.setRequestProperty("contentType", "utf-8");
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            conn.setDoInput(true);

            conn.setSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
            conn.setHostnameVerifier(new TrustAnyHostnameVerifier());
            conn.connect();
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String ret = "";
            while ((ret = br.readLine()) != null)
            {
                if (ret != null && !"".equals(ret.trim()))
                {
                    result.append(new String(ret.getBytes("ISO-8859-1"), "utf-8"));
                }
            }
            log.info("recv - {}", result);
            conn.disconnect();
            br.close();
        }
        catch (ConnectException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost ConnectException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (SocketTimeoutException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost SocketTimeoutException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpUtils.sendSSLPost IOException, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            log.error("调用HttpsUtil.sendSSLPost Exception, url=" + url + ",param=" + param, e);
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    private static class TrustAnyTrustManager implements X509TrustManager
    {
        @Override
        public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        {
        }

        @Override
        public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        {
        }

        @Override
        public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers()
        {
            return new X509Certificate[] {};
        }
    }

    private static class TrustAnyHostnameVerifier implements HostnameVerifier
    {
        @Override
        public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("resource")
    public static String doPostHttps(String url,String jsonstr,String charset){
        HttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpPost httpPost = null;
        String result = null;
        try{
            httpClient = new SSLClient();
            httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
            StringEntity se = new StringEntity(jsonstr);
            se.setContentType("application/json");
            se.setContentEncoding(charset);
            httpPost.setEntity(se);
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(10000).setConnectTimeout(10000).build();//设置请求和传输超时时间
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            if(response != null){
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                if(resEntity != null){
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
                }
            }
        }catch(Exception ex){
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 发送get请求
     * @param url       链接地址
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGetHttps(String url){
        String charset = "utf-8";
        HttpClient httpClient = null;
        HttpGet httpGet= null;
        String result = null;
        try {
            httpClient = new SSLClient();
            httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(5000).setConnectTimeout(5000).build();//设置请求和传输超时时间
            httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            if(response != null){
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                if(resEntity != null){
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity,charset);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return result;
    }
}
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