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帮助文档的地址:https://docs.docker.com/reference/
[root@localhost ~]# docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
[root@localhost ~]# docker --help # 帮助命令
镜像命令的地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/
[root@localhost ~]# docker images # 查看本地主机上的所有镜像
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB
解释:
REPOSITORY: 镜像的仓库源
TAG: 镜像的标签(版本号)
IMAGE ID: 镜像的id
CREATED: 镜像的创建时间
SIZE: 镜像的大小
可选项:
-a, --all 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像的id
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql # 搜索mysql镜像
可选项:
–filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag] [root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql # 下载mysql镜像 Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag,默认就是latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker image的核心,联合文件系统 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 防伪签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实下载地址
tips:
两种下载方式等价
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker.io/library/mysql:latest
指定版本下载:
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13 # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id # 删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
tips:
拥有镜像才能创建容器,此处使用linux,下载一个CentOS镜像学习
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos # 下载centos容器
docker run [可选参数] image
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 启动CentOS容器,并进入容器,使用bash命令
[root@4a806f4039d0 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 参数说明:
--name="Name" 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用于区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-P 大写P,随机指定端口
①停止容器并退出
[root@4a806f4039d0 /]# exit # 停止容器并退出
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
②不停止容器并退出
操作指令:Ctrl + P + Q
[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 查看运行中的容器
# 参数说明:
列出当前正在运行的容器
-a 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? 显示最近创建的n个容器
-q 只显示容器的编号
[ /]# docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
[root@localhost /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器(包括正在运行的容器)
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
[ /]# docker start 容器id # 启动容器
[ /]# docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
[ /]# docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
[ /]# docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前的容器
命令:docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos
8b0fe80452bcbbea15f39bfd365d039ca56be689718277bad0ec33a86780d5c8
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]#
tips:
docker ps 发现centos停止了。
常见的坑,docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止
命令:docker logs
[ /]# docker logs 容器id # 查看容器全部日志
[ /]# docker logs -tf 容器id # 查看容器全部日志(带时间戳)
[ /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id # 查看容器10条日志(带时间戳),并实时打印日志
tips:
如果没有日志,自己编写一段shell脚本
"while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done" # 循环执行,每秒输出一次neusoftzy
运行带shell脚本的centos容器
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done"
f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b # 输出结果。表示容器开始运行
命令:docker top 容器id
[root@localhost /]# docker top f97b4009803d
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 3731 3721 0 12:37 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done
root 4368 3731 0 12:47 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
命令:docker inspect 容器id
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect f97b4009803d [ { "Id": "f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b", # 容器id,取前12位 "Created": "2022-05-04T04:37:39.420458637Z", # 容器创建时间 "Path": "/bin/sh", # 默认的bash控制台 "Args": [ # 传递的参数 "-c", "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done" # 此处为自定义传递的shell脚本 ], "State": { # 状态 "Status": "running", # 运行中 "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 3731, # 父进程id "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2022-05-04T04:37:39.540798246Z", "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z" }, "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6", # 镜像id "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b-json.log", "Name": "/epic_shannon", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { #主机配置 "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "shareable", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DiskQuota": 0, "KernelMemory": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": 0, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0 }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a7c3d0fc1fbcef82521399f9956ccc498fa2ba8880d786618e0e09b7277e21ff/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], # 挂载 "Config": { # 基本配置 "Hostname": "f97b4009803d", # 默认容器名字 "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ # 基本环境变量 "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ # cmd命令 "/bin/sh", "-c", "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { # 网络配置 "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "b8f0e037b1ae57088291fb2babde50f61ffb559affab99c7074dedd0155fe82e", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b8f0e037b1ae", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "a7f13f496455039f96bbd5b2dba7bc5a7158fda0f395375a86d0f1db98672993", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { # 桥接网卡 "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "a6a9f85b9d7c1a24bac194fc3296afb33de585c7a885ac9943fa239659f5c1e2", "EndpointID": "a7f13f496455039f96bbd5b2dba7bc5a7158fda0f395375a86d0f1db98672993", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ]
通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置。
第一种方式(常用):进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作
命令:docker exec 容器id
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f97b4009803d centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes epic_shannon
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it f97b4009803d /bin/bash # 以交互模式进入正在运行的容器
[root@f97b4009803d /]# exit
exit
第二种方式:进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程。
命令:docker attach 容器id
[root@localhost /]# docker attach f97b4009803d
命令:docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 以交互模式启动centos [root@a30b7cf5a451 /]# [root@localhost /]# ls bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@localhost /]# docker ps # 查看当前运行中的容器 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a30b7cf5a451 centos "/bin/bash" 29 seconds ago Up 28 seconds dreamy_borg [root@localhost /]# docker attach a30b7cf5a451 # 进入容器 [root@a30b7cf5a451 /]# cd /home/ # 进入到/home路径下 [root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# ls [root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# touch test.java # 创建一个test.java文件 [root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# ls test.java # 拷贝test.java文件 [root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# exit # 停止并退出容器,也可以不退出 使用 ctrl+p+q exit [root@localhost /]# docker ps # 当前容器已停止 CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost /]# docker ps -a # 查看历史所有容器(查看运行过的容器id) CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a30b7cf5a451 centos "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 18 seconds ago dreamy_borg 213636aca5c4 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago pedantic_mestorf f97b4009803d centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" About an hour ago Exited (137) 9 minutes ago epic_shannon e5558e1e34ab centos "/bin/sh -C 'while t…" About an hour ago Exited (127) About an hour ago goofy_kalam 8b0fe80452bc centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago quizzical_kilby c35efbe2d12d centos "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) About an hour ago sad_kirch [root@localhost /]# cd /home # 进入到主机home路径下 [root@localhost home]# docker cp a30b7cf5a451:/home/test.java /home # 拷贝操作 [root@localhost home]# ls test.java # 拷贝成功
命令 | 解释 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
attach | Attach to a running container | 当前shell下attach连接指定运行镜像 |
build | Build an image from a Dockerfile | 通过Dockerfile定制镜像 |
commit | Create a new image from a container changes | 提交当前容器为新镜像 |
cp | Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path | 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中 |
create | Create a new container | 创建一个新的容器,同run,但不能启动容器 |
diff | Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem | 查看docker容器变化 |
events | Get real time events from the server | 从Docker服务获取容器实时事件 |
exec | Run a command in an existing container | 在已存在的容器上运行命令 |
export | Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive | 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件 [ 对应import ] |
history | Show the history of an image | 展示一个镜像形成历史 |
images | List images | 列出系统当前镜像 |
import | Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball | 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[ 对应export ] |
info | Display system-wide information | 显示系统相关信息 |
inspect | Return low-level information on a container | 查看容器详细信息 |
kill | Kill a running container | kill一个指定的docker容器 |
load | Load an image from a tar archive | 从一个 tar 包中加载一个镜像 [ 对应 save ] |
login | Register or login in to the docker registry server | 注册或者登录一个 docker 源服务器 |
logout | Log out from a Docker registry server | 从当前 Docker registry 退出 |
logs | Fetch the logs of a container | 输出当前容器日志信息 |
port | Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PROT | 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口 |
pause | Pause all processes within a container | 暂停容器 |
ps | List containers | 列出容器列表 |
pull | Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server | 从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像 |
push | Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server | 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器 |
restart | Restart a running container | 重启运行的容器 |
rm | Remove one or more containers | 移除一个或者多个容器 |
rmi | Remove one or more images | 移除一个或多个镜像 [ 无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除 ] |
run | Run a command in a new container | 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令 |
save | Save an image to a tar archive | 保存一个镜像为一个tar包 [ 对应 load ] |
search | Search for an image on the Docker Hub | 在 Docker Hub 中搜索镜像 |
start | Start a stopped container | 启动容器 |
stop | Stop a running container | 停止容器 |
tag | Tag an image into a repository | 给源中镜像打标签 |
top | Look up the running processes of container | 查看容器中运行的进程信息 |
unpause | Unpause a pauseed container | 取消暂停容器 |
version | Show the docker version information | 查看 docker 版本号 |
wait | Block until a container stops, then print its exit code | 截取容器停止时的退出状态值 |
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