Docker的常用命令（四）_docker stop容器传递参数为0

一、帮助命令

帮助文档的地址：https://docs.docker.com/reference/

[root@localhost ~]# docker version  # 显示docker的版本信息
[root@localhost ~]# docker info     # 显示docker的系统信息，包括镜像和容器的数量
[root@localhost ~]# docker --help   # 帮助命令
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二、镜像命令

镜像命令的地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/images/

1.docker images 查看本地主机上的所有镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images   # 查看本地主机上的所有镜像
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              feb5d9fea6a5        7 months ago        13.3kB
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解释：
REPOSITORY： 镜像的仓库源
TAG： 镜像的标签（版本号）
IMAGE ID： 镜像的id
CREATED： 镜像的创建时间
SIZE： 镜像的大小

可选项：
-a, --all 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet 只显示镜像的id

2.docker search 搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql # 搜索mysql镜像
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可选项：
–filter=STARS=3000 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的

3.docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql # 下载mysql镜像
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写tag，默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete  # 分层下载，docker image的核心，联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 防伪签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest 
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实下载地址
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tips：
两种下载方式等价

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker.io/library/mysql:latest
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指定版本下载：

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
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4.docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id        # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13  # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id     # 删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)          # 删除全部镜像
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三、容器命令

tips：
拥有镜像才能创建容器，此处使用linux，下载一个CentOS镜像学习

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos # 下载centos容器
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1.新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 启动CentOS容器，并进入容器，使用bash命令
[root@4a806f4039d0 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

# 参数说明：
--name="Name"          容器名字  tomcat01 tomcat02，用于区分容器
-d                                  后台方式运行
-it                                  使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p                                  指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
        -p ip:主机端口:容器端口
        -p 主机端口:容器端口（常用）
        -p 容器端口
-P                                  大写P，随机指定端口
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2.从容器中退出到主机

①停止容器并退出

[root@4a806f4039d0 /]# exit # 停止容器并退出
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
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②不停止容器并退出
操作指令：Ctrl + P + Q

3.查看运行中的容器

[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 查看运行中的容器

# 参数说明：
                                    列出当前正在运行的容器
-a                                 列出当前正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=？                           显示最近创建的n个容器
-q                                 只显示容器的编号
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4.删除容器

[               /]# docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器，不能删除正在运行的容器，如果要强制删除 rm -f
[root@localhost /]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器（包括正在运行的容器）
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
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5.启动和停止容器

[               /]# docker start 容器id    # 启动容器 
[               /]# docker restart 容器id  # 重启容器
[               /]# docker stop 容器id     # 停止当前正在运行的容器
[               /]# docker kill 容器id     # 强制停止当前的容器
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四、常用的其他命令

1.后台启动容器

命令：docker run -d 镜像名

[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos
8b0fe80452bcbbea15f39bfd365d039ca56be689718277bad0ec33a86780d5c8
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost /]#
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tips：
docker ps 发现centos停止了。
常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止
nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止

2.查看日志

命令：docker logs

[               /]# docker logs 容器id    # 查看容器全部日志
[               /]# docker logs -tf 容器id    # 查看容器全部日志（带时间戳）
[               /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id    # 查看容器10条日志（带时间戳），并实时打印日志
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tips:
如果没有日志，自己编写一段shell脚本

"while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done" # 循环执行，每秒输出一次neusoftzy
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运行带shell脚本的centos容器

[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done"
f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b # 输出结果。表示容器开始运行
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3.查看容器中进程信息

命令：docker top 容器id

[root@localhost /]# docker top f97b4009803d 
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                3731                3721                0                   12:37               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done
root                4368                3731                0                   12:47               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
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4.查看容器中的元数据

命令：docker inspect 容器id

[root@localhost /]# docker inspect f97b4009803d
[
    {
        "Id": "f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b", # 容器id，取前12位
        "Created": "2022-05-04T04:37:39.420458637Z", # 容器创建时间
        "Path": "/bin/sh", # 默认的bash控制台
        "Args": [ # 传递的参数
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done" # 此处为自定义传递的shell脚本
        ],
        "State": { # 状态
            "Status": "running", # 运行中
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 3731, # 父进程id
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-05-04T04:37:39.540798246Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6", # 镜像id
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b/f97b4009803ddc9e66f491aac354c943372b76929c9e98636a95dca688e1501b-json.log",
        "Name": "/epic_shannon",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": { #主机配置
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "shareable",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DiskQuota": 0,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": 0,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a7c3d0fc1fbcef82521399f9956ccc498fa2ba8880d786618e0e09b7277e21ff/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/32efaec99b5fcb14453799038606b4a07df8af3126b06786c30b8cee8de4a4df/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [], # 挂载
        "Config": { # 基本配置
            "Hostname": "f97b4009803d", # 默认容器名字
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [ # 基本环境变量
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [ # cmd命令
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo neusoftzy;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": { # 网络配置
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "b8f0e037b1ae57088291fb2babde50f61ffb559affab99c7074dedd0155fe82e",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b8f0e037b1ae",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "a7f13f496455039f96bbd5b2dba7bc5a7158fda0f395375a86d0f1db98672993",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": { # 桥接网卡
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "a6a9f85b9d7c1a24bac194fc3296afb33de585c7a885ac9943fa239659f5c1e2",
                    "EndpointID": "a7f13f496455039f96bbd5b2dba7bc5a7158fda0f395375a86d0f1db98672993",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
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5.进入当前正在运行的容器

通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置。

第一种方式（常用）：进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
命令：docker exec 容器id

[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
f97b4009803d        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   29 minutes ago      Up 29 minutes                           epic_shannon
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it f97b4009803d /bin/bash # 以交互模式进入正在运行的容器
[root@f97b4009803d /]# exit
exit
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第二种方式：进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。
命令：docker attach 容器id

[root@localhost /]# docker attach f97b4009803d
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6.文件拷贝：容器 ---->主机

命令：docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径

[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # 以交互模式启动centos
[root@a30b7cf5a451 /]# [root@localhost /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 查看当前运行中的容器
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
a30b7cf5a451        centos              "/bin/bash"         29 seconds ago      Up 28 seconds                           dreamy_borg
[root@localhost /]# docker attach a30b7cf5a451 # 进入容器
[root@a30b7cf5a451 /]# cd  /home/ # 进入到/home路径下
[root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# ls
[root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# touch test.java # 创建一个test.java文件
[root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# ls
test.java # 拷贝test.java文件
[root@a30b7cf5a451 home]# exit # 停止并退出容器，也可以不退出 使用 ctrl+p+q
exit
[root@localhost /]# docker ps # 当前容器已停止
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a # 查看历史所有容器（查看运行过的容器id）
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                           PORTS               NAMES
a30b7cf5a451        centos              "/bin/bash"              7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 18 seconds ago                            dreamy_borg
213636aca5c4        centos              "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                             pedantic_mestorf
f97b4009803d        centos              "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   About an hour ago   Exited (137) 9 minutes ago                           epic_shannon
e5558e1e34ab        centos              "/bin/sh -C 'while t…"   About an hour ago   Exited (127) About an hour ago                       goofy_kalam
8b0fe80452bc        centos              "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                         quizzical_kilby
c35efbe2d12d        centos              "/bin/bash"              About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago                         sad_kirch
[root@localhost /]# cd /home # 进入到主机home路径下
[root@localhost home]# docker cp a30b7cf5a451:/home/test.java /home # 拷贝操作
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java # 拷贝成功
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五、命令总结