赞
踩
首先想到的就是可以通过SpringBoot通常访问静态资源的方式,当访问:项目根路径 + / + 静态文件名时,SpringBoot会依次去类路径下的四个静态资源目录下查找(默认配置)。
在资源文件resources目录下建立如下四个目录:
重启Spring boot,访问
http://localhost:8080/1.jpg
http://localhost:8080/2.jpg
http://localhost:8080/3.jpg
http://localhost:8080/4.jpg
1.文件存储在哪?
前文所说外部用户可通过url访问服务器资源文件resources目录下的静态资源,但若是将上传的文件都保存在resources相关目录下,将会导致后续打包过大,程序和代码不分离,无法查看等问题。
解决方案:文件上传到服务器某个目录,然后SpringBoot配置虚拟路径,映射到此目录。
2.怎么访问?
通过WebMvcConfigurer 的addResourceHandlers将匹配上虚拟路径的url映射到文件上传到服务器的目录,这样就可以通过url来获取服务器上的静态资源了。
示例代码
代码仓库github路径
目标:windows本地测试,将文件上传到 D:\develop\work\project\myblog\myblog-file-upload\fileStorage 目录下,然后通过http://localhost:8080/files/文件名 访问。
配置类
- @Configuration
- public class WebMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
-
- @Autowired
- FileServiceImpl fileService;
-
- @Override
- public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
- //将匹配上/files/**虚拟路径的url映射到文件上传到服务器的目录,获取静态资源
- registry.addResourceHandler("/" + fileService.pathPattern + "/**").addResourceLocations("file:" + fileService.filePath);
- WebMvcConfigurer.super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
- }
- }
controller
- @RestController
- @RequestMapping("/file")
- public class FileController {
-
- @Autowired
- private FileServiceImpl fileService;
-
- @PostMapping("/upload")
- public FileUploadResponse upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) {
- return fileService.upload(file);
- }
- }
上传文件目录创建好后,主要通过 file.transferTo(new File(absolutePath)) 完成。
Service
- @Slf4j
- @Service
- public class FileServiceImpl {
-
- //拦截的url,虚拟路径
- public String pathPattern = "files";
-
- //自己设置的目录
- private static final String fileDir = "fileStorage";
-
- //上传文件存放目录 = 工作目录绝对路径 + 自己设置的目录,也可以直接自己指定服务器目录
- //windows本地测试
- //绝对路径: D:\develop\work\project\myblog\myblog-file-upload\fileStorage\202302021010345680.jpg
- //System.getProperty("user.dir") D:\develop\work\project\myblog\myblog-file-upload
- //fileDir fileStorage
- //fileName 202302021010345680.jpg
- public String filePath = System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + fileDir + File.separator;
-
- private static final AtomicInteger SUFFIX = new AtomicInteger(0);
-
- @Value(value = "${file.upload.suffix:jpg,jpeg,png,bmp,xls,xlsx,pdf}")
- private String fileUploadSuffix;
-
- public FileUploadResponse upload(MultipartFile file) {
- FileUploadResponse result = new FileUploadResponse();
- if (file.isEmpty()) {
- log.error("the file to be uploaded is empty");
- return result;
- }
- List<String> suffixList = Lists.newArrayList(fileUploadSuffix.split(","));
-
- try {
- //校验文件后缀
- String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
- String suffix = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
- if (!suffixList.contains(suffix)) {
- log.error("unsupported file format");
- return result;
- }
-
- //首次需生成目录
- File folder = new File(filePath);
- if (!folder.exists()) {
- folder.mkdirs();
- }
-
- String fileName = timeFormat(System.currentTimeMillis()) + SUFFIX.getAndIncrement() + "." + suffix;
- String absolutePath = filePath + fileName;
- log.info("absolutePath is {}", absolutePath);
- file.transferTo(new File(absolutePath));
-
- String separator = "/";
- String path = separator + pathPattern + separator + fileName;
- result.setPath(path);
- result.setFileName(fileName);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- log.error("the file upload error occurred. e ", e);
- }
- return result;
- }
-
- public static String timeFormat(Long time) {
- if (Objects.isNull(time)) {
- return null;
- }
- DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
- return sdf.format(time);
- }
-
- }
-
第一点是一个小坑,也就是System.getProperty("user.dir"),这个函数是一个 Java 中用于获取当前工作目录的方法。我本地运行出来确实是我项目的根目录,但是上到服务器,打出来的就是/,也就是linux的根目录,因此我决定以"/home/ec2-user/www/wwwroot/online_exam" 这种定值的方式取代System.getProperty("user.dir"),否则我的fileStorage目录就会建立在/这个目录下面,然后根据url访问就失效了。
第二点是我命名新文件的名字采用的是UUID的形式
第三点是我添加了一个附件表,防止重复照片的存入消耗内存,毕竟不是存在三方文件系统上,自己买的系统还是省着点,而且还可以提升一丢丢的效率。
以下是我的代码,由于是在一个github开源项目改的,所有采用的是比较老的mybatis:
pom
- //下面工具类需要导入这两个依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
- <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
- <version>20.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
- <version>1.15</version>
- </dependency>
controller
- @RequestMapping("/api")
- @RestController
- public class CommonDataController {
-
- @Autowired
- private FileServiceImpl fileService;
-
-
- @PostMapping("/upload")
- public ApiResult upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file){
- return ApiResultHandler.success(fileService.upload(file));
- }
- }
Fileservice
- package com.exam.serviceimpl;
-
- import com.exam.entity.MediaHash;
- import com.exam.service.MediaHashService;
- import com.exam.util.Md5Utils;
- import com.exam.util.UUIDUtils;
- import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
- import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
-
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.text.DateFormat;
- import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Objects;
-
- @Slf4j
- @Service
- public class FileServiceImpl {
-
- @Autowired
- private MediaHashService mediaHashService;
-
- //拦截的url,虚拟路径
- public String pathPattern = "files";
-
- //自己设置的目录
- private static final String fileDir = "fileStorage";
-
- public String filePath = "/home/ec2-user/www/wwwroot/online_exam" + File.separator + fileDir + File.separator;
-
- @Value(value = "${file.upload.suffix:jpg,jpeg,png,bmp,xls,xlsx,pdf}")
- private String fileUploadSuffix;
-
- public String upload(MultipartFile multipartFile) {
- try {
- String md5Val = Md5Utils.md5(multipartFile.getInputStream());
- MediaHash mediaHash = mediaHashService.findOne(md5Val);
- if (Objects.nonNull(mediaHash)) {
- return mediaHash.getUrl();
- }
- String url = uploadTo(multipartFile);
- MediaHash pojo = new MediaHash();
- pojo.setUrl(url);
- pojo.setMd5Val(md5Val);
- mediaHashService.save(pojo);
- return url;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- log.error("upload file error : {}", e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- return "";
- }
-
-
- public String uploadTo(MultipartFile file) {
- String url = null;
- if (file.isEmpty()) {
- return "the file to be uploaded is empty";
- }
- List<String> suffixList = Lists.newArrayList(fileUploadSuffix.split(","));
-
- try {
- //校验文件后缀
- String originalFilename = file.getOriginalFilename();
- String suffix = originalFilename.substring(originalFilename.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
- if (!suffixList.contains(suffix)) {
- return "unsupported file format";
- }
-
- //首次需生成目录
- File folder = new File(filePath);
- if (!folder.exists()) {
- folder.mkdirs();
- }
-
- String fileName = timeFormat(System.currentTimeMillis()) + UUIDUtils.lowerCaseNoSeparatorUUID() + "." + suffix;
- String absolutePath = filePath + fileName;
- file.transferTo(new File(absolutePath));
-
- String separator = "/";
- String path = separator + pathPattern + separator + fileName;
- url = "http://52.25.81.116:8080" + path;
-
- } catch (Exception e) {
- log.error("upload file error : {}", e.getMessage(), e);
- }
- return url;
- }
-
- public static String timeFormat(Long time) {
- if (Objects.isNull(time)) {
- return null;
- }
- DateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
- return sdf.format(time);
- }
-
-
- }
MediaHashService
- package com.exam.serviceimpl;
-
- import com.exam.entity.MediaHash;
- import com.exam.mapper.MediaHashMapper;
- import com.exam.service.MediaHashService;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
-
- @Service
- public class MediaHashImpl implements MediaHashService {
-
- @Autowired
- private MediaHashMapper mapper;
-
- @Override
- public MediaHash findOne(String md5Val) {
- return mapper.findOne(md5Val);
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean save(MediaHash pojo) {
- return mapper.save(pojo);
- }
- }
-
-
- //就两个很简单的方法,一个根据md5Val查询MediaHash 对象,一个就是insert,就不贴mapper了
Md5Utils
- package com.exam.util;
-
-
-
- import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
-
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
- import java.security.MessageDigest;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
-
-
- public class Md5Utils {
-
- private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS = {'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'};
-
- static MessageDigest MD5 = null;
-
- static {
- try {
- MD5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- public static String md5(String plainText, String salt) {
- MD5.reset();
- MD5.update(plainText.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
- MD5.update(salt.getBytes());
- byte[] bytes = MD5.digest();
-
- int j = bytes.length;
- char[] str = new char[j * 2];
- int k = 0;
- for (byte b : bytes) {
- str[k++] = HEX_DIGITS[b >>> 4 & 0xf];
- str[k++] = HEX_DIGITS[b & 0xf];
- }
- return new String(str);
- }
-
- public static String md5(InputStream fileInputStream) {
- try {
- byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
- int length;
- while ((length = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
- MD5.reset();
- MD5.update(buffer, 0, length);
- }
- return new String(Hex.encodeHex(MD5.digest()));
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- return null;
- } finally {
- try {
- if (fileInputStream != null) {
- fileInputStream.close();
- }
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
-
- }
UUIDUtils
- package com.exam.util;
-
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.UUID;
-
-
- public final class UUIDUtils {
-
- public static String[] chars = new String[]{"a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n",
- "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8",
- "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T",
- "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z"};
-
- private UUIDUtils() {
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成小写的uuid
- */
- public static String lowerCaseUUID() {
- return UUID.randomUUID().toString().toLowerCase();
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成大写的uuid
- */
- public static String upperCaseUUID() {
- return lowerCaseUUID().toUpperCase();
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成小写没有分隔符的uuid
- */
- public static String lowerCaseNoSeparatorUUID() {
- return lowerCaseUUID().replace("-", "");
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成大写没有分隔符的uuid
- */
- public static String upperCaseNoSeparatorUUID() {
- return lowerCaseNoSeparatorUUID().toUpperCase();
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成短uuid
- */
- public static String shortUUID() {
- StringBuffer shortBuffer = new StringBuffer();
- String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
- for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
- String str = uuid.substring(i * 4, i * 4 + 4);
- int x = Integer.parseInt(str, 16);
- shortBuffer.append(chars[x % 0x3E]);
- }
- return shortBuffer.toString();
- }
-
- /**
- * 生成纯数字uuid
- */
- public static String numUUID(int length) {
- Random random = new Random();
- StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
- for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
- s.append(random.nextInt(9));
- }
- return s.toString();
- }
-
- }
表结构
然后一个简单的上传接口就完成了。后续有需要可能会再次接入AWS的存储桶来进行文件存储,到时候在来继续写一篇博客
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。