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python虚拟环境和主环境,conda创建python虚拟环境

作者：凡人多烦事01 | 2024-03-06 16:00:05

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python虚拟环境和主环境

本篇文章给大家谈谈python虚拟环境和主环境，以及conda创建python虚拟环境，希望对各位有所帮助，不要忘了收藏本站喔。

文章目录

一、简介

1. conda

20230129164720

Conda可以用于任何语言的包、依赖和环境管理——Python、 R、 Ruby、 Lua、 Scala、 Java、 JavaScript、 C/C++ 、 FORTRAN

Conda 是一个运行在 Windows、 macOS 和 Linux 上的开源软件包管理系统和环境管理系统。Conda 可以快速安装、运行和更新包及其依赖项用python实现流星雨效果的方法详解。Conda 可以轻松地在本地计算机上的环境之间进行创建、保存、加载和切换。它虽然是为 Python 程序创建的，但是可以为任何语言打包和分发软件。

Conda 作为软件包管理器可以帮助您查找和安装软件包。如果您需要一个需要不同版本 Python 的包，则不需要切换到不同的环境管理器，因为 conda 也是一个环境管理器。只需几个命令，您就可以设置一个完全独立的环境来运行不同版本的 Python，与此同时在正常环境中继续运行常用版本的 Python。

在Conda默认配置中，conda 可以安装和管理超过7,500个在repo.Anaconda.com上由 Anaconda 构建、评审和维护的包。

Conda[https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/stable/] 包和环境管理器包含在所有版本的 Anaconda[https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/stable/glossary.html#anaconda-glossary]、 Miniconda[https://docs.conda.io/projects/conda/en/stable/glossary.html#miniconda-glossary] 和 Anaconda Repository[https://docs.continuum.io/anaconda-repository/] 中。Conda 也包含在 Anaconda Enterprise[https://www.anaconda.com/enterprise/] 中，它为 Python、 R、 Node.js、 Java 和其他应用程序栈提供现场企业包和环境管理。Conda也可以从社区conda-forge[https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/conda] 获取。您也可以在 PyPI 上获取 conda，但是这种途径获取到的版本可能不是最新的。

2. Anaconda

20230129171848

世界上最流行的开源 Python 发行平台

特点：

开源
易于使用
值得信赖

缺点：安装文件大，很多包可能用不到，安装后占用磁盘空间

20230129172512

3. Miniconda

Miniconda 是一个免费的 Conda 最小安装程序。它是 Anaconda 的一个小型的引导版本，只包含 conda、 Python、它们所依赖的包以及少量其他有用的包，包括 pip、 zlib 和其他一些包。使用 conda install命令从 Anaconda 存储库安装720多个附加 conda 包。

特点：相比Anaconda安装文件体积小，可以按照实际需求安装相关依赖和包。

20230129173118

20230129173204

二、下载

1. 打开官网

在浏览器地址栏中输入 https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html 打开Miniconda官网

20230129173407

2. 下载安装包

根据操作系统选择相应的安装文件，我这里使用的是64位Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS(Linux的一个发行版，如下图所示)，因而选择上图中的Miniconda3 Linux 64-bit链接进行下载，下载完成后文件名为Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh，这里下载的文件可以通过SHA256 hash来校验文件的完整性（具体方法可以自行百度）

为什么要用校验安装文件完整性？简单来说，如果安装文件不完整，可能会导致安装失败。

20230201190219

三、安装Miniconda

打开终端，进入安装文件所在目录，输入bash Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh

20230201191627

如上图所示，提示按回车键Enter键继续

20230201191753

如上图所示，按PageDown键到底部,会看到提示:
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]

20230201192328

输入yes按回车，会看到提示：


Miniconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/mjl/miniconda3
 
  - Press ENTER to confirm the location
  - Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
  - Or specify a different location below

20230201192525

按回车，会看到提示：

20230201192629


Do you wish the installer to initialize Miniconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]

输入yes按回车

20230201192725


no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/condabin/conda
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/bin/conda
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/bin/conda-env
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/bin/activate
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/bin/deactivate
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/etc/fish/conf.d/conda.fish
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/shell/condabin/Conda.psm1
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/shell/condabin/conda-hook.ps1
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/lib/python3.10/site-packages/xontrib/conda.xsh
no change     /home/mjl/miniconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.csh
modified      /home/mjl/.bashrc
 
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
 
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 
 
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
 
Thank you for installing Miniconda3!

至此，安装完成！

安装完成后，第一次使用conda命令可能会无效，只需要关闭终端窗口，重新打开即可在终端窗口中使用conda命令。

在终端窗口中，运行命令conda list，可以测试测试安装是否成功。

如果已安装软件包已正确安装，则会显示conda内已安装软件包的列表。

20230201193229

关注公众号【十年磨一剑2020】，回复关键字【conda】获取conda各发行版下载链接。

四、配置镜像源

linux下修改 ~/.condarc 文件，添加清华镜像源


show_channel_urls: true
default_channels:
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2
custom_channels:
  conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
  simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
channels:
  - defaults
  - conda-forge

附：国内常用镜像源

可以参考以下链接按需进行配置：

清华镜像源：

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/
中科大镜像源：

https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/help/anaconda.html
阿里云镜像源：

https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/anaconda

五、使用conda

1. 列出conda管理的所有环境

命令：

conda env list

操作如下：


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/mjl/miniconda3
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai

从上面的输出可以看到，默认的 base 环境和自己安装的环境名称为 novelai。

2. 切换到 novelai 环境

命令：


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate novelai
(novelai) mjl@ubuntu:~$

从上面的输出可以看到，第一行为默认的 base 环境，命令行前缀前面有 (base) ，输入 conda activate novelai 第二行已经切换为 novelai 环境，命令行前缀前面变成 (novelai)。

3. 切换到 base 环境

切换到base环境(默认环境为base)

conda activate base

或者

conda activate

4. 创建新环境

创建一个名为 crawl 的环境并指定python版本为3.8

conda create -n crawl python=3.8

操作如下：


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda create -n crawl python=3.8
Retrieving notices: ...working... done
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
 
 
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 23.7.0
  latest version: 23.7.2
 
Please update conda by running
 
    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
 
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
 
     conda install conda=23.7.2
 
 
 
## Package Plan ##
 
  environment location: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
 
  added / updated specs:
    - python=3.8
 
 
The following packages will be downloaded:
 
    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    libffi-3.4.4               |       h6a678d5_0         142 KB  defaults
    openssl-3.0.10             |       h7f8727e_0         5.2 MB  defaults
    pip-23.2.1                 |   py38h06a4308_0         2.6 MB  defaults
    python-3.8.17              |       h955ad1f_0        25.3 MB  defaults
    setuptools-68.0.0          |   py38h06a4308_0         927 KB  defaults
    sqlite-3.41.2              |       h5eee18b_0         1.2 MB  defaults
    wheel-0.38.4               |   py38h06a4308_0          63 KB  defaults
    xz-5.4.2                   |       h5eee18b_0         642 KB  defaults
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        36.0 MB
 
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
 
  _libgcc_mutex      anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::_libgcc_mutex-0.1-main 
  _openmp_mutex      anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::_openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu 
  ca-certificates    anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::ca-certificates-2023.05.30-h06a4308_0 
  ld_impl_linux-64   anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::ld_impl_linux-64-2.38-h1181459_1 
  libffi             anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_0 
  libgcc-ng          anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1 
  libgomp            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1 
  libstdcxx-ng       anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1 
  ncurses            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0 
  openssl            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::openssl-3.0.10-h7f8727e_0 
  pip                anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::pip-23.2.1-py38h06a4308_0 
  python             anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::python-3.8.17-h955ad1f_0 
  readline           anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0 
  setuptools         anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::setuptools-68.0.0-py38h06a4308_0 
  sqlite             anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::sqlite-3.41.2-h5eee18b_0 
  tk                 anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0 
  wheel              anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::wheel-0.38.4-py38h06a4308_0 
  xz                 anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::xz-5.4.2-h5eee18b_0 
  zlib               anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_0 
 
 
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
 
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
                                                                                                                                                     
Preparing transaction: done                                                                                                                          
Verifying transaction: done                                                                                                                          
Executing transaction: done                                                                                                                          
#                                                                                                                                                    
# To activate this environment, use                                                                                                                  
#                                                                                                                                                    
#     $ conda activate crawl                                                                                                                         
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate
 
 
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                     /home/mjl/miniconda3
crawl                 *  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai
 
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate crawl
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ python --version
Python 3.8.17
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ python --version
Python 3.10.8

从上面输出可以看到，新增的 crawl 环境 Python 版本为 3.8.17，默认的 base 环境 Python 版本为 3.10.8

5. 列出当前环境的所有包

命令：

conda list

操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main    defaults
_openmp_mutex             5.1                       1_gnu    defaults
ca-certificates           2023.05.30           h06a4308_0    defaults
ld_impl_linux-64          2.38                 h1181459_1    defaults
libffi                    3.4.4                h6a678d5_0    defaults
libgcc-ng                 11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libgomp                   11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libstdcxx-ng              11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
ncurses                   6.4                  h6a678d5_0    defaults
openssl                   3.0.10               h7f8727e_0    defaults
pip                       23.2.1           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
python                    3.8.17               h955ad1f_0    defaults
readline                  8.2                  h5eee18b_0    defaults
setuptools                68.0.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
sqlite                    3.41.2               h5eee18b_0    defaults
tk                        8.6.12               h1ccaba5_0    defaults
wheel                     0.38.4           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
xz                        5.4.2                h5eee18b_0    defaults
zlib                      1.2.13               h5eee18b_0    defaults

6. 安装第三方包

安装requests包

conda install requests

操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda install requests
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
 
 
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 23.7.0
  latest version: 23.7.2
 
Please update conda by running
 
    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
 
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
 
     conda install conda=23.7.2
 
 
 
## Package Plan ##
 
  environment location: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
 
  added / updated specs:
    - requests
 
 
The following packages will be downloaded:
 
    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    brotlipy-0.7.0             |py38h27cfd23_1003         323 KB  defaults
    certifi-2023.7.22          |   py38h06a4308_0         153 KB  defaults
    cffi-1.15.1                |   py38h5eee18b_3         241 KB  defaults
    cryptography-41.0.2        |   py38h22a60cf_0         1.9 MB  defaults
    idna-3.4                   |   py38h06a4308_0          93 KB  defaults
    pyopenssl-23.2.0           |   py38h06a4308_0          96 KB  defaults
    pysocks-1.7.1              |   py38h06a4308_0          31 KB  defaults
    requests-2.31.0            |   py38h06a4308_0          96 KB  defaults
    urllib3-1.26.16            |   py38h06a4308_0         200 KB  defaults
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:         3.1 MB
 
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
 
  brotlipy           anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::brotlipy-0.7.0-py38h27cfd23_1003 
  certifi            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::certifi-2023.7.22-py38h06a4308_0 
  cffi               anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::cffi-1.15.1-py38h5eee18b_3 
  charset-normalizer anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch::charset-normalizer-2.0.4-pyhd3eb1b0_0 
  cryptography       anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::cryptography-41.0.2-py38h22a60cf_0 
  idna               anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::idna-3.4-py38h06a4308_0 
  pycparser          anaconda/pkgs/main/noarch::pycparser-2.21-pyhd3eb1b0_0 
  pyopenssl          anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::pyopenssl-23.2.0-py38h06a4308_0 
  pysocks            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::pysocks-1.7.1-py38h06a4308_0 
  requests           anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::requests-2.31.0-py38h06a4308_0 
  urllib3            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::urllib3-1.26.16-py38h06a4308_0 
 
 
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
 
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
                                                                                                                                                     
Preparing transaction: done                                                                                                                          
Verifying transaction: done                                                                                                                          
Executing transaction: done  
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ 
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main    defaults
_openmp_mutex             5.1                       1_gnu    defaults
brotlipy                  0.7.0           py38h27cfd23_1003    defaults
ca-certificates           2023.05.30           h06a4308_0    defaults
certifi                   2023.7.22        py38h06a4308_0    defaults
cffi                      1.15.1           py38h5eee18b_3    defaults
charset-normalizer        2.0.4              pyhd3eb1b0_0    defaults
cryptography              41.0.2           py38h22a60cf_0    defaults
idna                      3.4              py38h06a4308_0    defaults
ld_impl_linux-64          2.38                 h1181459_1    defaults
libffi                    3.4.4                h6a678d5_0    defaults
libgcc-ng                 11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libgomp                   11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libstdcxx-ng              11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
ncurses                   6.4                  h6a678d5_0    defaults
openssl                   3.0.10               h7f8727e_0    defaults
pip                       23.2.1           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
pycparser                 2.21               pyhd3eb1b0_0    defaults
pyopenssl                 23.2.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
pysocks                   1.7.1            py38h06a4308_0    defaults
python                    3.8.17               h955ad1f_0    defaults
readline                  8.2                  h5eee18b_0    defaults
requests                  2.31.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
setuptools                68.0.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
sqlite                    3.41.2               h5eee18b_0    defaults
tk                        8.6.12               h1ccaba5_0    defaults
urllib3                   1.26.16          py38h06a4308_0    defaults
wheel                     0.38.4           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
xz                        5.4.2                h5eee18b_0    defaults
zlib                      1.2.13               h5eee18b_0    defaults

7. 卸载第三方包

卸载requets包

conda remove requests

操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda remove requests
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
 
 
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 23.7.0
  latest version: 23.7.2
 
Please update conda by running
 
    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
 
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
 
     conda install conda=23.7.2
 
 
 
## Package Plan ##
 
  environment location: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
 
  removed specs:
    - requests
 
 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 
  brotlipy-0.7.0-py38h27cfd23_1003
  cffi-1.15.1-py38h5eee18b_3
  charset-normalizer-2.0.4-pyhd3eb1b0_0
  cryptography-41.0.2-py38h22a60cf_0
  idna-3.4-py38h06a4308_0
  pycparser-2.21-pyhd3eb1b0_0
  pyopenssl-23.2.0-py38h06a4308_0
  pysocks-1.7.1-py38h06a4308_0
  requests-2.31.0-py38h06a4308_0
  urllib3-1.26.16-py38h06a4308_0
 
 
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main    defaults
_openmp_mutex             5.1                       1_gnu    defaults
ca-certificates           2023.05.30           h06a4308_0    defaults
certifi                   2023.7.22        py38h06a4308_0    defaults
ld_impl_linux-64          2.38                 h1181459_1    defaults
libffi                    3.4.4                h6a678d5_0    defaults
libgcc-ng                 11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libgomp                   11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libstdcxx-ng              11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
ncurses                   6.4                  h6a678d5_0    defaults
openssl                   3.0.10               h7f8727e_0    defaults
pip                       23.2.1           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
python                    3.8.17               h955ad1f_0    defaults
readline                  8.2                  h5eee18b_0    defaults
setuptools                68.0.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
sqlite                    3.41.2               h5eee18b_0    defaults
tk                        8.6.12               h1ccaba5_0    defaults
wheel                     0.38.4           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
xz                        5.4.2                h5eee18b_0    defaults
zlib                      1.2.13               h5eee18b_0    defaults

8. 导出当前环境的包信息

导出当前环境的包信息

conda env export > environment.yaml

操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env export > env_crawl.yaml 
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ cat env_crawl.yaml 
name: crawl
channels:
  - defaults
  - conda-forge
dependencies:
  - _libgcc_mutex=0.1=main
  - _openmp_mutex=5.1=1_gnu
  - ca-certificates=2023.05.30=h06a4308_0
  - certifi=2023.7.22=py38h06a4308_0
  - ld_impl_linux-64=2.38=h1181459_1
  - libffi=3.4.4=h6a678d5_0
  - libgcc-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libgomp=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - libstdcxx-ng=11.2.0=h1234567_1
  - ncurses=6.4=h6a678d5_0
  - openssl=3.0.10=h7f8727e_0
  - pip=23.2.1=py38h06a4308_0
  - python=3.8.17=h955ad1f_0
  - readline=8.2=h5eee18b_0
  - setuptools=68.0.0=py38h06a4308_0
  - sqlite=3.41.2=h5eee18b_0
  - tk=8.6.12=h1ccaba5_0
  - wheel=0.38.4=py38h06a4308_0
  - xz=5.4.2=h5eee18b_0
  - zlib=1.2.13=h5eee18b_0
prefix: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl

9. 删除添加的环境(谨慎操作)

删除 crawl 环境及下属所有包

conda remove -n crawl --all

在 crawl 环境中直接执行 conda remove -n crawl --all 会报错，需要先执行conda deactivate, 然后在 base 环境中执行删除命令，具体操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda remove -n crawl --all
 
CondaEnvironmentError: cannot remove current environment. deactivate and run conda remove again
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda deactivate
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ 
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda remove -n crawl --all
 
Remove all packages in environment /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl:
 
 
## Package Plan ##
 
  environment location: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
 
 
The following packages will be REMOVED:
 
  _libgcc_mutex-0.1-main
  _openmp_mutex-5.1-1_gnu
  ca-certificates-2023.05.30-h06a4308_0
  certifi-2023.7.22-py38h06a4308_0
  ld_impl_linux-64-2.38-h1181459_1
  libffi-3.4.4-h6a678d5_0
  libgcc-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  libgomp-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  libstdcxx-ng-11.2.0-h1234567_1
  ncurses-6.4-h6a678d5_0
  openssl-3.0.10-h7f8727e_0
  pip-23.2.1-py38h06a4308_0
  python-3.8.17-h955ad1f_0
  readline-8.2-h5eee18b_0
  setuptools-68.0.0-py38h06a4308_0
  sqlite-3.41.2-h5eee18b_0
  tk-8.6.12-h1ccaba5_0
  wheel-0.38.4-py38h06a4308_0
  xz-5.4.2-h5eee18b_0
  zlib-1.2.13-h5eee18b_0
 
 
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/mjl/miniconda3
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai

10. 用配置文件创建新的虚拟环境

用配置文件创建新的虚拟环境

conda env create -f environment.yaml

如果没有执行上一步的 conda remove -n crawl --all 删除 crawl 环境，直接执行 conda env create -f env_crawl.yaml，则会出现以下错误提示：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env create -f env_crawl.yaml 
 
CondaValueError: prefix already exists: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl

在已经删除 crawl 环境的情况下，具体操作如下：


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env create -f env_crawl.yaml 
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
 
 
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 23.7.0
  latest version: 23.7.2
 
Please update conda by running
 
    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
 
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
 
     conda install conda=23.7.2
 
 
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate crawl
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate
 
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/mjl/miniconda3
crawl                    /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai
 
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate crawl 
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda list
# packages in environment at /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                        main    defaults
_openmp_mutex             5.1                       1_gnu    defaults
ca-certificates           2023.05.30           h06a4308_0    defaults
certifi                   2023.7.22        py38h06a4308_0    defaults
ld_impl_linux-64          2.38                 h1181459_1    defaults
libffi                    3.4.4                h6a678d5_0    defaults
libgcc-ng                 11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libgomp                   11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
libstdcxx-ng              11.2.0               h1234567_1    defaults
ncurses                   6.4                  h6a678d5_0    defaults
openssl                   3.0.10               h7f8727e_0    defaults
pip                       23.2.1           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
python                    3.8.17               h955ad1f_0    defaults
readline                  8.2                  h5eee18b_0    defaults
setuptools                68.0.0           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
sqlite                    3.41.2               h5eee18b_0    defaults
tk                        8.6.12               h1ccaba5_0    defaults
wheel                     0.38.4           py38h06a4308_0    defaults
xz                        5.4.2                h5eee18b_0    defaults
zlib                      1.2.13               h5eee18b_0    defaults

最终我们可以看到 crawl 环境已经创建成功。

11. 克隆旧环境到新的虚拟环境

命令：

conda create -n 新环境的名称 --clone 原环境名称

具体操作如下：


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda create -n crawl-clone --clone crawl
Source:      /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
Destination: /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone
Packages: 20
Files: 0
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
 
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate crawl-clone
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate
 
(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
ba                     /home/mjl/miniconda3
crawl                 *  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
crawl-clone              /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai

12. 导出虚拟环境压缩包

安装conda-forge和conda-pack工具

在 base 环境下执行 conda install -c conda-forge conda-pack


(crawl) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda install -c conda-forge conda-pack
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done
 
 
==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 23.7.0
  latest version: 23.7.2
 
Please update conda by running
 
    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda
 
Or to minimize the number of packages updated during conda update use
 
     conda install conda=23.7.2
 
 
 
## Package Plan ##
 
  environment location: /home/mjl/miniconda3
 
  added / updated specs:
    - conda-pack
 
 
The following packages will be downloaded:
 
    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    conda-23.7.2               |  py310hff52083_0        1006 KB  conda-forge
    openssl-1.1.1v             |       h7f8727e_0         3.7 MB  defaults
    python_abi-3.10            |          2_cp310           4 KB  conda-forge
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:         4.7 MB
 
The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
 
  conda-pack         conda-forge/noarch::conda-pack-0.7.0-pyh6c4a22f_0 
  python_abi         conda-forge/linux-64::python_abi-3.10-2_cp310 
 
The following packages will be UPDATED:
 
  ca-certificates    anaconda/pkgs/main::ca-certificates-2~ --> conda-forge::ca-certificates-2023.7.22-hbcca054_0 
  conda              anaconda/pkgs/main::conda-23.7.0-py31~ --> conda-forge::conda-23.7.2-py310hff52083_0 
  openssl                                 1.1.1u-h7f8727e_0 --> 1.1.1v-h7f8727e_0 
 
The following packages will be SUPERSEDED by a higher-priority channel:
 
  certifi            anaconda/pkgs/main/linux-64::certifi-~ --> conda-forge/noarch::certifi-2023.7.22-pyhd8ed1ab_0 
 
 
Proceed ([y]/n)? y
 
 
Downloading and Extracting Packages
                                                                                                                                                                                              
Preparing transaction: done                                                                                                                                                                   
Verifying transaction: done                                                                                                                                                                   
Executing transaction: done

环境打包

命令：

conda pack -n 新环境名称 -o 新环境名称.tar.gz

具体操作如下：


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda pack -n crawl-clone -o crawl-clone.tar.gz
Collecting packages...
Packing environment at '/home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone' to 'crawl-clone.tar.gz'
[########################################] | 100% Completed |  6.3s

13. 加载导出的虚拟环境压缩包


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ mkdir /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone2
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ tar -zxvf crawl-clone.tar.gz -C /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone2

激活环境


(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base                  *  /home/mjl/miniconda3
crawl                    /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl
crawl-clone              /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone
crawl-clone2             /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/crawl-clone2
novelai                  /home/mjl/miniconda3/envs/novelai
 
(base) mjl@ubuntu:~$ conda activate crawl-clone2
(crawl-clone2) mjl@ubuntu:~$

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