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使用nvm工具安装nodejs版本的流程是:
1、安装nvm(建议setup版,noinstall没用明白)
2、通过nvm install 14.14.0安装nodejs
3、执行nvm use 14.14.0 使nodejs生效
ps:
nvm list 查询已安装的版本
nvm list available 查询全网可用的版本
在nvm安装的nodejs中,安装yarn,并切换国内镜像
1、安装yarn: npm install -g yarn
2、一次性解除windows命令行对脚本执行的限制: Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
3、设置yarn源为国内淘宝源: yarn config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
ps:
yarn -v // 查看yarn 版本
yarn config list // 查看yarn配置
yarn config get registry // 查看当前yarn源
注意:这里不使用npm,似乎不用切换npm源为国内淘宝源,但是建议也切换到淘宝源,以免两个源不统一,切换命令与yarn类似:
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
操作全过程:
- Windows PowerShell
- 版权所有 (C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
-
- 尝试新的跨平台 PowerShell https://aka.ms/pscore6
-
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm -v
- 1.1.12
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm list
-
- No installations recognized.
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm list available
-
- | CURRENT | LTS | OLD STABLE | OLD UNSTABLE |
- |--------------|--------------|--------------|--------------|
- | 21.5.0 | 20.11.0 | 0.12.18 | 0.11.16 |
- | 21.4.0 | 20.10.0 | 0.12.17 | 0.11.15 |
- | 21.3.0 | 20.9.0 | 0.12.16 | 0.11.14 |
- | 21.2.0 | 18.19.0 | 0.12.15 | 0.11.13 |
- | 21.1.0 | 18.18.2 | 0.12.14 | 0.11.12 |
- | 21.0.0 | 18.18.1 | 0.12.13 | 0.11.11 |
- | 20.8.1 | 18.18.0 | 0.12.12 | 0.11.10 |
- | 20.8.0 | 18.17.1 | 0.12.11 | 0.11.9 |
- | 20.7.0 | 18.17.0 | 0.12.10 | 0.11.8 |
- | 20.6.1 | 18.16.1 | 0.12.9 | 0.11.7 |
- | 20.6.0 | 18.16.0 | 0.12.8 | 0.11.6 |
- | 20.5.1 | 18.15.0 | 0.12.7 | 0.11.5 |
- | 20.5.0 | 18.14.2 | 0.12.6 | 0.11.4 |
- | 20.4.0 | 18.14.1 | 0.12.5 | 0.11.3 |
- | 20.3.1 | 18.14.0 | 0.12.4 | 0.11.2 |
- | 20.3.0 | 18.13.0 | 0.12.3 | 0.11.1 |
- | 20.2.0 | 18.12.1 | 0.12.2 | 0.11.0 |
- | 20.1.0 | 18.12.0 | 0.12.1 | 0.9.12 |
- | 20.0.0 | 16.20.2 | 0.12.0 | 0.9.11 |
- | 19.9.0 | 16.20.1 | 0.10.48 | 0.9.10 |
-
- This is a partial list. For a complete list, visit https://nodejs.org/en/download/releases
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm install 14.17
- Downloading node.js version 14.17.6 (64-bit)...
- Complete
- Creating C:\env\nvm\temp
-
- Downloading npm version 6.14.15... Complete
- Installing npm v6.14.15...
-
- Installation complete. If you want to use this version, type
-
- nvm use 14.17.6
- PS C:\Windows\system32>
- PS C:\Windows\system32>
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm list
-
- 14.17.6
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm use 14
- Now using node v14.17.6 (64-bit)
- PS C:\Windows\system32> nvm list
-
- * 14.17.6 (Currently using 64-bit executable)
- PS C:\Windows\system32> node -v
- v14.17.6
- PS C:\Windows\system32> npm -v
- 6.14.15
- PS C:\Windows\system32> npm install -g yarn
-
- > yarn@1.22.21 preinstall C:\env\nodejs\node_modules\yarn
- > :; (node ./preinstall.js > /dev/null 2>&1 || true)
-
- C:\env\nodejs\yarn -> C:\env\nodejs\node_modules\yarn\bin\yarn.js
- C:\env\nodejs\yarnpkg -> C:\env\nodejs\node_modules\yarn\bin\yarn.js
- + yarn@1.22.21
- added 1 package in 2.784s
- PS C:\Windows\system32> npm config ls
- ; cli configs
- metrics-registry = "https://registry.npmjs.org/"
- scope = ""
- user-agent = "npm/6.14.15 node/v14.17.6 win32 x64"
-
- ; node bin location = C:\env\nodejs\node.exe
- ; cwd = C:\Windows\system32
- ; HOME = C:\Users\admin
- ; "npm config ls -l" to show all defaults.
-
- PS C:\Windows\system32> yarn config list
- yarn : 无法加载文件 C:\env\nodejs\yarn.ps1,因为在此系统上禁止运行脚本。有关详细信息,请参阅 https:/go.microsoft.com/fw
- link/?LinkID=135170 中的 about_Execution_Policies。
- 所在位置 行:1 字符: 1
- + yarn config list
- + ~~~~
- + CategoryInfo : SecurityError: (:) [],PSSecurityException
- + FullyQualifiedErrorId : UnauthorizedAccess
- PS C:\Windows\system32> Set-ExecutionPolicy Unrestricted
-
- 执行策略更改
- 执行策略可帮助你防止执行不信任的脚本。更改执行策略可能会产生安全风险,如 https:/go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=135170
- 中的 about_Execution_Policies 帮助主题所述。是否要更改执行策略?
- [Y] 是(Y) [A] 全是(A) [N] 否(N) [L] 全否(L) [S] 暂停(S) [?] 帮助 (默认值为“N”): y
- PS C:\Windows\system32> yarn config list
- yarn config v1.22.21
- info yarn config
- {
- 'version-tag-prefix': 'v',
- 'version-git-tag': true,
- 'version-commit-hooks': true,
- 'version-git-sign': false,
- 'version-git-message': 'v%s',
- 'init-version': '1.0.0',
- 'init-license': 'MIT',
- 'save-prefix': '^',
- 'bin-links': true,
- 'ignore-scripts': false,
- 'ignore-optional': false,
- registry: 'https://registry.yarnpkg.com',
- 'strict-ssl': true,
- 'user-agent': 'yarn/1.22.21 npm/? node/v14.17.6 win32 x64'
- }
- info npm config
- {}
- Done in 0.10s.
- PS C:\Windows\system32> yarn config get registry
- https://registry.yarnpkg.com
- PS C:\Windows\system32> yarn config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
- yarn config v1.22.21
- success Set "registry" to "https://registry.npmmirror.com".
- Done in 0.09s.
- PS C:\Windows\system32> yarn config get registry
- https://registry.npmmirror.com
- PS C:\Windows\system32>
淘宝 NPM 镜像站(http://npm.taobao.org)已更换域名,新域名:
Web 站点:https://npmmirror.com
Registry Endpoint:https://registry.npmmirror.com
详见:
为了方便切换nodejs版本,可以使用nvm工具,安装方法参考:
window下安装并使用nvm(含卸载node、卸载nvm、全局安装npm)_window安装nvm-CSDN博客
nvm新淘宝镜像配置settings.txt:
- root: D:\env\nvm
- path: D:\env\nodejs
-
- node_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node/
- npm_mirror: https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/npm/
注意下载nvm是不要下载nvm-update.zip,nvm-update.exe运行时没有安装界面。
nvm安装包下载地址:
https://github.com/coreybutler/nvm-windows/releases
后面在尝试统一npm,但不实用,有兴趣看看,不建议也不需要这样配。
为不同版本的nodejs安装配置统一的npm:(但是nodejs版本需要支持npm版本,当nodejs是v14.17.6时,就不支持npm版本v10.2.2,所以有时候统一的npm不好用)
- PS C:\Users\admin> npm config set prefix "D:\env\nvm\npm"
- PS C:\Users\admin> npm install npm -g --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com
- D:\env\nvm\npm\npm -> D:\env\nvm\npm\node_modules\npm\bin\npm-cli.js
- D:\env\nvm\npm\npx -> D:\env\nvm\npm\node_modules\npm\bin\npx-cli.js
- npm WARN notsup Unsupported engine for npm@10.2.2: wanted: {"node":"^18.17.0 || >=20.5.0"} (current: {"node":"14.17.6","npm":"6.14.15"})
- npm WARN notsup Not compatible with your version of node/npm: npm@10.2.2
-
- + npm@10.2.2
- added 227 packages from 112 contributors in 22.403s
注意:还需要在用户变量中添加 NPM_HOME
= D:\env\nvm\npm
,path中添加%NPM_HOME%
。这里需要注意的是,%NPM_HOME%
要添加在%NVM_SYMLINK%
之前,避免npm访问到的是nodejs中自带的npm包管理工具。
重新指定npm路径(prefix):
npm config set prefix "D:\env\nvm\npm6_14_15"
指定prefix后安装yarn
npm install -g yarn
安装yarn后查询npm list 仅看到yarn等很少的库,表明这时npm全局环境是比较干净的。
- PS C:\Users\admin> npm config ls
- ; cli configs
- metrics-registry = "https://registry.npmmirror.com/"
- scope = ""
- user-agent = "npm/6.14.15 node/v14.17.6 win32 x64"
-
- ; userconfig C:\Users\admin\.npmrc
- prefix = "D:\\env\\nvm\\npm6_14_15"
- registry = "https://registry.npmmirror.com/"
-
- ; node bin location = D:\env\nodejs\node.exe
- ; cwd = C:\Users\admin
- ; HOME = C:\Users\admin
- ; "npm config ls -l" to show all defaults.
-
- PS C:\Users\admin> npm list
- npm WARN read-shrinkwrap This version of npm is compatible with lockfileVersion@1, but package-lock.json was generated for lockfileVersion@3. I'll try to do my best with it!
- C:\Users\admin
- +-- nrm@1.2.6
- | +-- chalk@4.1.2
- | | +-- ansi-styles@4.3.0
- | | | `-- color-convert@2.0.1
- | | | `-- color-name@1.1.4
- | | `-- supports-color@7.2.0
- | | `-- has-flag@4.0.0
- | +-- commander@8.3.0
- | +-- ini@2.0.0
- | +-- node-fetch@2.6.6
- | | `-- whatwg-url@5.0.0
- | | +-- tr46@0.0.3
- | | `-- webidl-conversions@3.0.1
- | `-- open@8.4.2
- | +-- define-lazy-prop@2.0.0
- | +-- is-docker@2.2.1
- | `-- is-wsl@2.2.0
- | `-- is-docker@2.2.1 deduped
- `-- yarn@1.22.19
接下来设置yarn命令到系统环境变量path中,使yarn命令可以在命令行的任意路径下执行。
D:\nodejs\node_global\node_modules\yarn\bin
D:\nodejs\node_global\node_modules\yarn\bin
到系统变量-path
中,是为了 在windows-cmd中能启动 npm.cmd 文件!!ps :我的D:\env\nvm\npm6_14_15\node_modules\yarn\bin里为啥没有npm.cmd呢?
重启命令行窗口后,设置yarn国内源镜像
- yarn -v // 查看yarn 版本
- yarn config list // 查看yarn配置
- yarn config get registry // 查看当前yarn源
-
- // 修改yarn源(此处为淘宝的源)
- yarn config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
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