鸿蒙OS应用开发之——页面布局DependentLayout_在鸿蒙,获取一个布局页面控件的实用,用哪个函数?

一 概述

• DependentLayout相当于Android中的相对布局RelativeLayout
• DependentLayout与DirectionalLayout相比有更多的排列方式
• 每个组件可以指定相对于其他同级元素的位置，或者指定相对于父组件的位置

二 排列方式

2.1 相对于同级组件的位置布局

2.2 相对于父组件的位置布局

三 示例

3.1 同级组件布局示例-左右

效果图

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_content"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:text="text1"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:text="end_of text1"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:end_of="$id:text1"/>
</DependentLayout>
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color_light_gray_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
</shape>
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color_cyan_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
</shape>
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3.2 同级组件布局示例-上下

效果图

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_content"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="40vp"
        ohos:text="text1"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text3"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="40vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:text="below text1"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:below="$id:text1"/>
</DependentLayout>
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color_light_gray_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
</shape>
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color_cyan_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
</shape>
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3.3 相对父控件布局

效果图

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:height="100vp"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_background_gray_element">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text6"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="align_parent_right"
        ohos:text_size="12fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:align_parent_right="true"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text7"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="align_parent_bottom"
        ohos:text_size="12fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text8"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="center_in_parent"
        ohos:text_size="12fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text9"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text="align_parent_left_top"
        ohos:text_size="12fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
        ohos:align_parent_left="true"
        ohos:align_parent_top="true"/>
</DependentLayout>
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color_background_gray_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#ffbbbbbb"/>
</shape>
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color_cyan_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
</shape>
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3.4 复杂界面布局

效果图

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DependentLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_background_gray_element">
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="25fp"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
        ohos:text="Title"
        ohos:text_weight="1000"
        ohos:text_alignment="horizontal_center"
    />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:height="120vp"
        ohos:text_size="10vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
        ohos:text="Catalog"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:align_parent_left="true"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
        ohos:below="$id:text1"
        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text3"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:height="120vp"
        ohos:text_size="25fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
        ohos:text="Content"
        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:below="$id:text1"
        ohos:end_of="$id:text2"
        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button1"
        ohos:width="70vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="15fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
        ohos:text="Previous"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:below="$id:text3"
        ohos:left_of="$id:button2"
        ohos:italic="false"
        ohos:text_weight="5"
        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:button2"
        ohos:width="70vp"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:text_size="15fp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
        ohos:text="Next"
        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
        ohos:align_parent_end="true"
        ohos:below="$id:text3"
        ohos:italic="false"
        ohos:text_weight="5"
        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
</DependentLayout>
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color_background_gray_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#ffbbbbbb"/>
</shape>
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color_gray_element.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid
        ohos:color="#878787"/>
</shape>
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