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Kotlin serialization是由kotlin官方提供,可将kotlin对象序列化和反序列化的插件,支持序列化格式包括:JSON, Protobuf, CBOR, Hocon 和Properties
serialization使用非常简单:
- //序列化
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization", "Kotlin")
- val json = Json.encodeToString(data)
-
- //反序列化
- val obj = Json.decodeFromString<Project>(json)
在module build.gradle里添加
- plugins {
- id 'kotlin-android'
- id 'kotlinx-serialization'
- id 'kotlin-kapt'
- }
- dependencies {
- implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-serialization-json:1.3.0"
- }
在project build.gradle里添加
- buildscript {
- ext.kotlin_version = '1.5.31'
- repositories { mavenCentral() }
-
- dependencies {
- classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-serialization:$kotlin_version"
- }
- }
- @Serializable
- class Project(val name: String, val language: String)
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization", "Kotlin")
- println(Json.encodeToString(data))
- }
只有具有支持字段的类的属性会被序列化,因此具有 getter/setter 且没有支持字段和委托属性的属性不会被序列化,如下例所示。
- @Serializable
- class Project(
- // name带有支持字段属性,可以被序列化
- var name: String
- ) {
- var stars: Int = 0 // 带有支持字段属性,可以被序列化
- val path: String //未带字段,不会被序列化
- get() = "kotlin/$name"
-
- var id by ::name //代理属性,不会被序列化
- }
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization").apply { stars = 9000 }
- println(Json.encodeToString(data))
- }
-
- //print:{"name":"kotlinx.serialization","stars":9000}
默认情况下,默认值不会参与编码:
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, val language: String = "Kotlin")
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization")
- println(Json.encodeToString(data))
- }
-
- //print:{"name":"kotlinx.serialization"}
如果需要默认值参与序列化,可设置encodeDefaults属性:
- @Serializable
- class Project(
- val name: String, val language: String = "Kotlin", val website: String? = null)
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization")
- println(Json { encodeDefaults = true }.encodeToString(data))
- }
- //print:{"name":"kotlinx.serialization","language":"Kotlin","website":null}
如果不希望null参与序列化,explicitNulls可设置为false
serialization执行Kotlin语言的类型安全,如果json里面有null,而对应属性没有标记为可空,则会报异常
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, val language: String = "Kotlin")
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Json.decodeFromString<Project>("""
- {"name":"kotlinx.serialization","language":null}""")
- println(data)
- }
报错:Unexpected JSON token at offset 52: Expected string literal but 'null' literal was found.
Use 'coerceInputValues = true' in 'Json {}` builder to coerce nulls to default values.
如果希望json为null时,使用默认值,则设置coerceInputValues = true
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, val language: String = "Kotlin")
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Json { coerceInputValues = true }.decodeFromString<Project>("""
- {"name":"kotlinx.serialization","language":null}
- """)
- println(data)
- }
-
- //print:Project(name=kotlinx.serialization, language=Kotlin)
默认情况下,编码表示中使用的属性名称(在我们的示例中为 JSON)与它们在源代码中的名称相同。用于序列化的名称称为序列名称,可以使用@SerialName注释进行更改
- @Serializable
- class Project(val name: String, @SerialName("lang") val language: String)
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization", "Kotlin")
- println(Json.encodeToString(data))
- }
- //print:{"name":"kotlinx.serialization","lang":"Kotlin"}
- @Serializable
- class Project(val name: String, val language: String)
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Project("kotlinx.serialization", "Kotlin")
- println(Json.encodeToString(data))
- }
只有在序列中存在对象的所有属性时,才能反序列化对象。例如:
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, val language: String)
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Json.decodeFromString<Project>("""{"name":"kotlinx.serialization"}""")
- println(data)
- }
由于json中没有language属性,会报异常:Exception in thread "main" kotlinx.serialization.MissingFieldException: Field 'language' is required for type with serial name 'example.exampleClasses04.Project', but it was missing
可以通过向属性添加默认值来修复此问题,如:
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, val language: String = "Kotlin")
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Json.decodeFromString<Project>("""{"name":"kotlinx.serialization"}""")
- println(data)
- }
-
- //print:Project(name=kotlinx.serialization, language=Kotlin)
在反序列化,如果你希望json必需包含指定的属性名,可以使用@Required注解
- @Serializable
- data class Project(val name: String, @Required val language: String = "Kotlin")
-
- fun main() {
- val data = Json.decodeFromString<Project>("""
- {"name":"kotlinx.serialization"}
- """)
- println(data)
- }
例子中,由于json未包含被标记为@Required的language属性,会报异常Field 'language' is required for type with serial name 'example.exampleClasses07.Project', but it was missing
- Json {
- prettyPrint = true //json格式化
- isLenient = true //宽松解析,json格式异常也可解析,如:{name:"小红",age:"18"} + Person(val name:String,val age:Int) ->Person("小红",18)
- ignoreUnknownKeys = true //忽略未知键,如{"name":"小红","age":"18"} ->Person(val name:String)
- coerceInputValues = true //强制输入值,如果json属性与对象格式不符,则使用对象默认值,如:{"name":"小红","age":null} + Person(val name:String = "小绿",val age:Int = 18) ->Person("小红",18)
- encodeDefaults = true //编码默认值,默认情况下,默认值的属性不会参与序列化,通过设置encodeDefaults = true,可让默认属性参与序列化(可参考上述例子)
- explicitNulls = true //序列化时是否忽略null
- allowStructuredMapKeys = true //允许结构化映射(map的key可以使用对象)
- allowSpecialFloatingPointValues = true //特殊浮点值:允许Double为NaN或无穷大
- }
- @Serializable
- data class Person(val name:String,val age:Int)
-
- val json = Json {
- prettyPrint = true //是否格式化,默认false
- prettyPrintIndent = " " //除首行外各行缩进,默认四个空格
- }
- println(json.encodeToString(Person("小明",18)))
-
- //print:
- {
- "name": "小明",
- "age": 18
- }
- val json = "{name:小明,age:\"18\"}" //这是一条格式有问题的json
- val person = Json {
- isLenient = true //json格式有问题,也有可能解析成功,默认false
- }.decodeFromString<Person>(json)
- println(person)
-
- //print:Person(name=小明, age=18)
默认情况下,json和实例化对像键值需要一一对应,但实际案例中,json和对象参数名可能无法一一对应,这种情况可以忽略未使用的键
- @Serializable
- data class Person(val name:String)
-
- val json = """{"name":"小明","age":18}"""
- println(Json{
- ignoreUnknownKeys = true
- }.decodeFromString<Person>(json))
-
- //print:Person(name=小明)
json的值类型和实例化对象类型不一致时,使用对象的默认值
- @Serializable
- data class Person(val name:String = "小明",val age:Int = 18)
-
- val json = """{"name":"小红","age":null}"""
- println(Json{
- coerceInputValues = true //默认false
- }.decodeFromString<Person>(json))
-
- //print:Person(name=小红, age=18)
序列化时,对象默认值参与序列化
- @Serializable
- data class Person(val name:String = "小明",val age:Int = 18)
-
- println(Json{
- encodeDefaults = false
- }.encodeToString(Person(name = "小红")))
-
- //plint:{"name":"小红"}
-
-
- println(Json{
- encodeDefaults = true
- }.encodeToString(Person(name = "小红")))
-
- //plint:{"name":"小红","age":18}
- @Serializable
- data class Person(val name:String = "小明",val age:Int? = null)
-
- println(Json{
- encodeDefaults = true
- explicitNulls = false
- }.encodeToString(Person(name = "小红",age = null)))
-
- //print:{"name":"小红"}
-
-
- //explicitNulls = true时,值为null也会参与序列化
- println(Json{
- encodeDefaults = true
- explicitNulls = true
- }.encodeToString(Person(name = "小红",age = null)))
- //print:{"name":"小红","age":null}
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