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Java使用POI读取Excel文件中的所有图片(包含Wps嵌入式图片)_java excel 读取单元格内悬浮图片

java excel 读取单元格内悬浮图片

需求

使用POI读取Excel文件中的图片数据。我的需求是导入一份Excel,读取Excel中的图片信息并将其上传至服务器,把图片上传的路径存入数据库,关键是WPS的嵌入式格式图片真的难读,用WPS打开可以看到图片,使用office的Excel打开就是一段代码无法预览图片。参考了很多大佬的博客,我自己也是慢慢摸索后完美实现需求!

实现

读取普通图片信息

直接上代码

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import org.apache.poi.EncryptedDocumentException;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ooxml.POIXMLDocumentPart;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*;
import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.spreadsheetDrawing.CTMarker;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;

public class ExcelImportDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String path = "D:\\模板测试2.xlsx";// 替换为你自己的文件
        String imageTargetPath = "D:\\download\\test\\";// 替换为你自己的输出路径

        File file = new File(path);
        // 获取图片数据
        Map<String, PictureData> map = getPictureFromExcel(file, 1);
        // 图片保存结果list
        LinkedList<String> pictureList = new LinkedList<>();
        // 遍历图片数据,将图片写入磁盘
        for (Map.Entry<String, PictureData> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            PictureData pictureData = entry.getValue();
            String extension = pictureData.suggestFileExtension();
            // 构建图片文件名,使用行列作为文件名
            String[] coordinates = key.split("-");
            // 文件名规则    行号-列号.后缀名 列号不变
            String imageFileName = coordinates[0] + "-" + coordinates[1] + "." + extension;
            pictureList.add(imageFileName);
        }
        System.out.println(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(pictureList));
        // 根据键的第一个数字进行分组
        Map<Character, List<PictureData>> groupedImages = new HashMap<>();
        for (Map.Entry<String, PictureData> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            char firstDigit = entry.getKey().charAt(0);
            groupedImages.computeIfAbsent(firstDigit, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(entry.getValue());
        }
        // 打印分组结果
        for (Map.Entry<Character, List<PictureData>> entry : groupedImages.entrySet()) {
            char key = entry.getKey();
            List<PictureData> images = entry.getValue();
            for (PictureData image : images) {
                byte[] data = image.getData();
                System.out.println(data);
            }
        }

        // 遍历图片数据,将图片写入磁盘
        for (Map.Entry<String, PictureData> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            String key = entry.getKey();
            PictureData pictureData = entry.getValue();
            String extension = pictureData.suggestFileExtension();

            // 构建图片文件名,使用行列作为文件名
            String[] coordinates = key.split("-");
            String imageFileName = coordinates[0] + "-" + coordinates[1] + "." + extension;

            // 将图片数据写入文件
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(imageTargetPath + File.separator + imageFileName);
            out.write(pictureData.getData());
            out.close();
        }
    }

    private static String getCellValueAsString(Cell cell) {
        String cellValue = "";
        if (cell != null) {
            switch (cell.getCellType()) {
                case STRING:
                    cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                    break;
                case NUMERIC:
                    cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                    break;
                case BOOLEAN:
                    cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
                    break;
                // 根据需要处理其他单元格类型
            }
        }
        return cellValue;
    }

    /**
     * 获取excel表中的图片
     *
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws InvalidFormatException
     * @throws EncryptedDocumentException
     * @Param fis 文件输入流
     * @Param sheetNum Excel表中的sheet编号
     */
    public static Map<String, PictureData> getPictureFromExcel(File file, int sheetNum) throws EncryptedDocumentException, IOException {

        // 获取图片PictureData集合
        String fileName = file.getName();
        Workbook workbook = null;
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
            return null;
        }
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        if (fileName.endsWith("xls")) {
            // 2003
            workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
            HSSFSheet sheet = (HSSFSheet) workbook.getSheetAt(sheetNum - 1);
            Map<String, PictureData> pictures = getPictures(sheet);
            return pictures;
        } else if (fileName.endsWith("xlsx")) {
            // 2007
            workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
            XSSFSheet sheet = (XSSFSheet) workbook.getSheetAt(sheetNum - 1);
            Map<String, PictureData> pictures = getPictures(sheet);
            return pictures;
        }
        return new HashMap();
    }

    /**
     * 获取图片和位置 (xls版)
     *
     * @param sheet
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static Map<String, PictureData> getPictures(HSSFSheet sheet) throws IOException {
        Map<String, PictureData> map = new HashMap<String, PictureData>();
        List<HSSFShape> list = sheet.getDrawingPatriarch().getChildren();
        for (HSSFShape shape : list) {
            if (shape instanceof HSSFPicture) {
                HSSFPicture picture = (HSSFPicture) shape;
                HSSFClientAnchor cAnchor = picture.getClientAnchor();
                PictureData pdata = picture.getPictureData();
                // 行号-列号
                String key = cAnchor.getRow1() + "-" + cAnchor.getCol1();
                map.put(key, pdata);
            }
        }
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 获取图片和位置 (xlsx版)
     *
     * @param sheet
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static Map<String, PictureData> getPictures(XSSFSheet sheet) throws IOException {
        Map<String, PictureData> map = new HashMap<String, PictureData>();
        List<POIXMLDocumentPart> list = sheet.getRelations();
        for (POIXMLDocumentPart part : list) {
            if (part instanceof XSSFDrawing) {
                XSSFDrawing drawing = (XSSFDrawing) part;
                List<XSSFShape> shapes = drawing.getShapes();
                for (XSSFShape shape : shapes) {
                    XSSFPicture picture = (XSSFPicture) shape;
                    XSSFClientAnchor anchor = picture.getPreferredSize();
                    CTMarker marker = anchor.getFrom();
                    // 行号-列号
                    String key = marker.getRow() + "-" + marker.getCol();
                    map.put(key, picture.getPictureData());
                }
            }
        }
        return map;
    }
}
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读取嵌入式图片信息

新建一个读取数据实体类:ExcelDataEntry

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;

public class ExcelDataEntry {

    private Integer row;
    private Integer col;
    private Object data;
    private String dataType;

    public Integer getRow() {
        return row;
    }

    public void setRow(Integer row) {
        this.row = row;
    }

    public Integer getCol() {
        return col;
    }

    public void setCol(Integer col) {
        this.col = col;
    }

    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }

    public void setData(Object data) {
        this.data = data;
        if (data instanceof String) {
            setDataType("String");
        } else if (data instanceof Double) {
            setDataType("Double");
        } else if (data instanceof Integer) {
            setDataType("Integer");
        } else if (data instanceof File) {
            setDataType("File");
        } else if (data instanceof Date) {
            setDataType("Date");
        } else if (data instanceof Boolean) {
            setDataType("Boolean");
        } else {
            setDataType("String");
        }
    }

    public String getDataType() {
        return dataType;
    }

    public void setDataType(String dataType) {
        this.dataType = dataType;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ExcelDataEntry{" +
                "row=" + row +
                ", col=" + col +
                ", data=" + data +
                ", dataType='" + dataType + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}
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接下来直接上demo

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
import java.util.zip.ZipInputStream;

public class ExcelReadImagesDemo {

    private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ExcelReadImagesDemo.class);

    /**
     * key :Rid value ImagePath
     */
    private static Map<String, String> imageMap = new HashMap<>();
    /**
     * key imageId value Rid
     */
    private static Map<String, String> imageIdMappingMap = new HashMap<>();

    /**
     * 文件根目录
     */
    private static String rootPath = "";

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        String imageTargetPath = "D:\\download\\image";// 替换自己输出图片的路径
        String fileRootPath = "D:\\test11.xlsx";// 替换读取的文件路径
        XSSFWorkbook workbook = null;
        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileRootPath);
            workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis);
            fis.close();
            rootPath = fileRootPath;
            ridWithIDRelationShip(rootPath);
            ridWithImagePathRelationShip(rootPath);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
        // 0是表头 1开始读取数据行
        int rowIndex = 1;
        // 数据结果集
        List<Map<Integer, ExcelDataEntry>> rowDataList = new ArrayList<>();
        // 循环读取每一行
        for (; ; ) {
            HashMap<Integer, ExcelDataEntry> resuletMap = new HashMap<>();
            if (rowIndex >= sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows()) {
                break;
            }
            Row row = sheet.getRow(rowIndex);
            int colIndex = 0;
            int rowPhysicalNumberOfCells = 0;
            if (row != null) {
                rowPhysicalNumberOfCells = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
            }
            // 循环读取每一列
            for (; ; ) {
                if (colIndex > rowPhysicalNumberOfCells) {
                    break;
                }
                ExcelDataEntry colDataItem = new ExcelDataEntry();
                colDataItem.setRow(rowIndex);
                colDataItem.setCol(colIndex);
                String RCindex = rowIndex + "-" + colIndex;

                if (rowPhysicalNumberOfCells != 0) {
                    // 获取数据,但是我们获取的cell类型
                    Cell cell = row.getCell(colIndex, Row.MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK);
                    if (cell == null) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    // 获取数据类型
                    String dataType = getCellDataType(cell);
                    // 转换为字符串类型
                    Object currentData = getCellValueByCell(cell);
                    // 获取得到字符串
                    // String currentData = cell.getStringCellValue();
                    // 时间格式化定义
                    DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd");
                    if ("FORMULA".equals(dataType)) {
                        if (currentData.toString().contains("DISPIMG")) {
                            try {
                                String imageId = subImageId(currentData.toString());
                                String picPath = getImplantPicById(imageId);
                                InputStream picInputStream = openFile("xl/" + picPath);
                                String fileName = imageTargetPath + "/" + getFileRealName(picPath);
                                File pic = saveFile(picInputStream, fileName);
                                map.put(RCindex, pic);
                                colDataItem.setData(pic);
                            } catch (IOException e) {
                                throw new RuntimeException(e);
                            }
                        }
                    } else if (currentData != null) {
                        colDataItem.setData(currentData);
                    }
                }

                if (colDataItem.getData() != null) {
                    resuletMap.put(colIndex, colDataItem);
                }
                colIndex++;
            }
            rowDataList.add(resuletMap);
            rowIndex++;
        }
        logger.info("图片信息:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonStr(map));
        logger.info("读取全部数据:{}", JSONUtil.toJsonStr(rowDataList));
    }

    private static String getCellDataType(Cell cell) {

        CellType cellType = cell.getCellType();
        String type = null;
        switch (cellType) {
            case STRING:
                type = "STRING";
                break;
            case NUMERIC:
                type = "NUMERIC";
                break;
            case BOOLEAN:
                type = "BOOLEAN";
                break;
            case FORMULA:
                type = "FORMULA";
                break;
            default:
                type = "STRING";
        }
        return type;
    }

    /**
     * 获取单元格各类型值,返回字符串类型
     *
     * @param cell
     * @return
     */
    public static String getCellValueByCell(Cell cell) {
        // 判断是否为null或空串
        if (cell == null || cell.toString().trim().equals("")) {
            return "";
        }
        String cellValue = "";
        switch (cell.getCellType()) {
            case NUMERIC: // 数字
                short format = cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormat();
                if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                    SimpleDateFormat sdf = null;
                    if (format == 20 || format == 32) {
                        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm");
                    } else if (format == 14 || format == 31 || format == 57 || format == 58) {
                        // 处理自定义日期格式:m月d日(通过判断单元格的格式id解决,id的值是58)
                        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
                        double value = cell.getNumericCellValue();
                        Date date = org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil
                                .getJavaDate(value);
                        cellValue = sdf.format(date);
                    } else {// 日期
                        sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
                    }
                    try {
                        cellValue = sdf.format(cell.getDateCellValue());// 日期
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        try {
                            throw new Exception("exception on get date data !".concat(e.toString()));
                        } catch (Exception e1) {
                            e1.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    } finally {
                        sdf = null;
                    }
                } else {
                    BigDecimal bd = new BigDecimal(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                    cellValue = bd.toPlainString();// 数值 这种用BigDecimal包装再获取plainString,可以防止获取到科学计数值
                }
                break;
            case STRING: // 字符串
                cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
                break;
            case BOOLEAN: // Boolean
                cellValue = cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "";
                ;
                break;
            case FORMULA: // 公式
                cellValue = cell.getCellFormula();
                break;
            case BLANK: // 空值
                cellValue = "";
                break;
            case ERROR: // 故障
                cellValue = "ERROR VALUE";
                break;
            default:
                cellValue = "UNKNOW VALUE";
                break;
        }
        return cellValue;
    }

    /**
     * 截取函数中图片的ID
     *
     * @param imageId
     * @return
     */
    private static String subImageId(String imageId) {
        return imageId.substring(imageId.indexOf("ID_") + 3, imageId.lastIndexOf("\""));
    }

    /**
     * 使用嵌入式图片ID获取嵌入式图片地址
     *
     * @param imageId
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static String getImplantPicById(String imageId) throws IOException {
        String imageRid = imageIdMappingMap.get(imageId);
        String imagePath = imageMap.get(imageRid);
        return imagePath;
    }

    /**
     * 打开文件根目录
     *
     * @param filePath
     * @return
     */
    private static InputStream openFile(String filePath) {
        try {
            // 文件根目录
            File file = new File(rootPath);
            ZipFile zipFile = new ZipFile(file);
            ZipInputStream zipInputStream = new ZipInputStream(new FileInputStream(file));

            ZipEntry nextEntry = null;
            while ((nextEntry = zipInputStream.getNextEntry()) != null) {
                String name = nextEntry.getName();
                if (name.equalsIgnoreCase(filePath)) {
                    return zipFile.getInputStream(nextEntry);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static File saveFile(InputStream inputStream, String fileName) throws IOException {
        OutputStream outputStream = null;
        try {
            File outputFile = new File(fileName);
            if (!outputFile.getParentFile().exists()) {
                outputFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
            }
            outputStream = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int length;

            while ((length = inputStream.read(buffer)) > 0) {
                outputStream.write(buffer, 0, length);
            }
            return outputFile;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (outputStream != null) {
                outputStream.close();
            }
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    private static String getFileRealName(String fileName) {
        try {
            fileName.replace("\\", "/");
            fileName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return fileName;
        }
        return fileName;
    }

    /**
     * 整理图片函数中的ID和Rid的关系
     *
     * @param path
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void ridWithIDRelationShip(String path) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {

            // 读取关系xml文件
            inputStream = openFile("xl/cellimages.xml");
            // 创建SAXReader对象
            SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
            // 加载xml文件
            Document dc = reader.read(inputStream);
            // 获取根节点
            Element rootElement = dc.getRootElement();
            // 获取子节点 每一个图片节点
            List<Element> cellImageList = rootElement.elements();

            // 循环处理每一个图片
            for (Element cellImage : cellImageList) {
                Element pic = cellImage.element("pic");
                Element nvPicPr = pic.element("nvPicPr");
                Element cNvPr = nvPicPr.element("cNvPr");
                // 图片id
                String imageId = cNvPr.attribute("name").getValue().replace("ID_", "");
                // imageId = subImageId(imageId);
                Element blipFill = pic.element("blipFill");
                Element blip = blipFill.element("blip");
                // 图片Rid
                String imageRid = blip.attribute("embed").getValue();
                // 存入map中
                imageIdMappingMap.put(imageId, imageRid);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 整理Rid和图片地址的关系
     *
     * @param path
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private static void ridWithImagePathRelationShip(String path) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = null;
        try {
            // 读取关系文件
            inputStream = openFile("xl/_rels/cellimages.xml.rels");
            // 创建SAXReader对象
            SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
            // 加载xml文件
            Document dc = reader.read(inputStream);
            // 获取根节点
            Element rootElement = dc.getRootElement();

            List<Element> imageRelationshipList = rootElement.elements();

            // 处理每个关系
            for (Element imageRelationship : imageRelationshipList) {
                String imageRid = imageRelationship.attribute("Id").getValue();
                String imagePath = imageRelationship.attribute("Target").getValue();
                imageMap.put(imageRid, imagePath);
            }

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (inputStream != null) {
                inputStream.close();
            }
        }
    }
}
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总结

至此,完成。
第一段读取普通图片信息代码直接参照原文链接1实现,其他博客也有很多,几乎实现方法都一样。
第二段读取嵌入式图片信息代码是基于参考原文链接2实现,我嫌源代码太复杂,于是乎自己精简了一下代码实现读取Excel数据和图片信息。
经过我自己修改可以直接拿来使用读取Excel文件内容和嵌入式图片信息。有什么问题欢迎大家评论区讨论,如果对你有帮助麻烦动动发财小手点个赞。

参考原文链接1:java 读取excel图片导入(亲测有效)
参考原文链接2:java读取Excel,(支持WPS嵌入式图片)

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