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用Python自动化操作PPT,(非常详细)从零基础入门到精通,看完这一篇就够了_python pptx(2)_python-pptx

python-pptx

接下来,我们就在此模板上进行我们的操作演示

4.1 python-pptx 添加文字并设置样式
4.1.1 添加单行文字与多行文字

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm      # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('4. python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 设置添加到当前ppt哪一页   n_page = 0   singleLineContent = "我是单行内容"   multiLineContent = \   """我是多行内容1   我是多行内容2   我是多行内容3   """      # 获取需要添加文字的页面对象   slide = ppt.slides[n_page]      # 添加单行内容      # 设置添加文字框的位置以及大小   left, top, width, height = Cm(16.9), Cm(1), Cm(12), Cm(1.2)   # 添加文字段落   new_paragraph1 = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left, top=top, width=width, height=height).text_frame   # 设置段落内容   new_paragraph1.paragraphs[0].text = singleLineContent   # 设置文字大小   new_paragraph1.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(15)         # 添加多行      # 设置添加文字框的位置以及大小   left, top, width, height = Cm(16.9), Cm(3), Cm(12), Cm(3.6)   # 添加文字段落   new_paragraph2 = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left, top=top, width=width, height=height).text_frame   # 设置段落内容   new_paragraph2.paragraphs[0].text = multiLineContent   # 设置文字大小   new_paragraph2.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(15)         # 保存ppt   ppt.save('4.1 添加文字.pptx')   

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效果如下:

4.1.2 设置文字框样式与文字样式

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm   from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor   from pptx.enum.text import MSO_VERTICAL_ANCHOR, PP_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT   from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN         # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('4. python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 获取需要添加文字的页面对象   slide = ppt.slides[0]      # 设置添加文字框的位置以及大小   left, top, width, height = Cm(16.9), Cm(1), Cm(12), Cm(1.2)   # 添加文字框 slide.shapes.add_textbox(距离左边,距离顶端,宽度,高度)   textBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left, top=top, width=width, height=height)      # 调整文本框背景颜色   textBoxFill = textBox.fill   textBoxFill.solid()  # 纯色填充   textBoxFill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(187, 255, 255)      # 文本框边框样式调整   line = textBox.line   line.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 255, 0)   line.width = Cm(0.1)      # 获取文本框对象   tf = textBox.text_frame      # 文本框样式调整   tf.margin_bottom = Cm(0.1)  # 下边距   tf.margin_left = 0  # 左边距   tf.vertical_anchor = MSO_VERTICAL_ANCHOR.BOTTOM  # 对齐文本方式:底端对齐   tf.word_wrap = True  # 文本框的文字自动对齐      # 设置内容   tf.paragraphs[0].text = '这是一段文本框里的文字'      # 字体样式调整   tf.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER  # 对齐方式   tf.paragraphs[0].font.name = '微软雅黑'  # 字体名称   tf.paragraphs[0].font.bold = True  # 是否加粗   tf.paragraphs[0].font.italic = True  # 是否斜体   tf.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)  # 字体颜色   tf.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(20)  # 字体大小      # 保存ppt   ppt.save('4.1.2 设置文字框与字体样式.pptx')   

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效果如下:

代码详解

  • 添加文本框
# 添加文字框 slide.shapes.add_textbox(距离左边,距离顶端,宽度,高度)   textBox = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left, top=top, width=width, height=height)   

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  • 设置文本框背景
# 调整文本框背景颜色   textBoxFill = textBox.fill   textBoxFill.solid()  # 纯色填充   textBoxFill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(187, 255, 255)   

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RGB颜色参考:http://www.wahart.com.hk/rgb.htm

  • 设置文本框边框样式
# 文本框边框样式调整   line = textBox.line   line.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 255, 0)   line.width = Cm(0.1)   

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  • 设置文本框文字样式
# 获取文本框文字对象   tf = textBox.text_frame      # 文本框样式调整   tf.margin_bottom = Cm(0.1)  # 下边距   tf.margin_left = 0  # 左边距   tf.vertical_anchor = MSO_VERTICAL_ANCHOR.BOTTOM  # 垂直方式:底端对齐   tf.word_wrap = True  # 文本框的文字自动对齐   

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指定文本在文本框架中的垂直对齐方式。与TextFrame对象的.vertical_anchor属性一起使用。请注意,vertical_anchor属性也可以具有值None,表示没有直接指定的垂直锚设置,并且其有效值是从占位符继承的(如果有一个或从主题继承)。也可以不指定任何内容来删除明确指定的垂直锚设置。

from pptx.enum.text import MSO_ANCHOR      cell = table.cell(row_idx=2, col_idx=3)   cell.vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.BOTTOM   

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TOP   	Aligns text to top of text frame and inherits its value from its layout placeholder or theme.   MIDDLE   	Centers text vertically   BOTTOM   	Aligns text to bottom of text frame   MIXED   	Return value only; indicates a combination of the other states.   

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  • 垂直对齐
  • 设置文本框内容
# 设置内容   tf.paragraphs[0].text = '这是一段文本框里的文字'   

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  • 字体样式调整
# 字体样式调整   tf.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER  # 对齐方式   tf.paragraphs[0].font.name = '微软雅黑'  # 字体名称   tf.paragraphs[0].font.bold = True  # 是否加粗   tf.paragraphs[0].font.italic = True  # 是否斜体   tf.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)  # 字体颜色   tf.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(20)  # 字体大小   

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from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN      shape.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER   

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  • 文字对齐
  `CENTER     	Center align     DISTRIBUTE     	Evenly distributes e.g. Japanese characters from left to right within a line     JUSTIFY     	Justified, i.e. each line both begins and ends at the margin with spacing between words adjusted such that the line exactly fills the width of the paragraph.     JUSTIFY_LOW     	Justify using a small amount of space between words.     LEFT     	Left aligned     RIGHT     	Right aligned     THAI_DISTRIBUTE     	Thai distributed     MIXED     	Return value only; indicates multiple paragraph alignments are present in a set of paragraphs.`

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  • 保存ppt
  `# 保存ppt     ppt.save('4.1.2 设置文字框与字体样式.pptx')`

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4.2 python-pptx 添加表格并设置样式

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm   from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor   from pptx.enum.text import MSO_ANCHOR   from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN         # 设置需要添加到哪一页   n_page = 0      # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('4. python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 获取slide对象   slide = ppt.slides[n_page]      # 设置表格位置和大小   left, top, width, height = Cm(6), Cm(12), Cm(13.6), Cm(5)   # 表格行列数,和大小   shape = slide.shapes.add_table(6, 7, left, top, width, height)   # 获取table对象   table = shape.table      # 设置列宽   table.columns[0].width = Cm(3)   table.columns[1].width = Cm(2.3)   table.columns[2].width = Cm(2.3)   table.columns[3].width = Cm(1.3)   table.columns[4].width = Cm(1.3)   table.columns[5].width = Cm(1.3)   table.columns[6].width = Cm(2.1)      # 设置行高   table.rows[0].height = Cm(1)      # 合并首行   table.cell(0, 0).merge(table.cell(0, 6))      # 填写标题   table.cell(1, 0).text = "时间"   table.cell(1, 1).text = "阶段"   table.cell(1, 2).text = "执行用例"   table.cell(1, 3).text = "新增问题"   table.cell(1, 4).text = "问题总数"   table.cell(1, 5).text = "遗留问题"   table.cell(1, 6).text = "遗留致命/" \                           "严重问题"      # 填写变量内容   table.cell(0, 0).text = "产品1"   content_arr = [["4/30-5/14", "DVT1", "20", "12", "22", "25", "5"],                  ["5/15-5/21", "DVT1", "25", "32", "42", "30", "8"],                  ["5/22-6/28", "DVT1", "1", "27", "37", "56", "12"],                  ["5/22-6/28", "DVT1", "1", "27", "37", "56", "12"]]      # 修改表格样式   for rows in range(6):       for cols in range(7):           # Write column titles           if rows == 0:               # 设置文字大小               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(15)               # 设置字体               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.name = '微软雅黑'               # 设置文字颜色               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 255, 255)               # 设置文字左右对齐               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER               # 设置文字上下对齐               table.cell(rows, cols).vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE               # 设置背景为填充               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.solid()               # 设置背景颜色               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(34, 134, 165)           elif rows == 1:               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(10)               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.name = '微软雅黑'  # 字体名称               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER               table.cell(rows, cols).vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.solid()               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(204, 217, 225)           else:               table.cell(rows, cols).text = content_arr[rows - 2][cols]               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(10)               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.name = '微软雅黑'  # 字体名称               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 0)               table.cell(rows, cols).text_frame.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER               table.cell(rows, cols).vertical_anchor = MSO_ANCHOR.MIDDLE               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.solid()               table.cell(rows, cols).fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(204, 217, 225)      ppt.save('4.2 python-pptx 添加表格并设置样式.pptx')   

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效果如下:

4.3 python-pptx 添加图表并设置样式

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm   from pptx.chart.data import ChartData   from pptx.enum.chart import XL_CHART_TYPE         # 设置需要添加到哪一页   n_page = 0      # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('4. python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 获取slide对象   slide = ppt.slides[n_page]      # 初始化图表   chart_data = ChartData()      # 填充需要添加的内容   content_arr = [["4/30-5/14", "DVT1", "20", "12", "22", "25", "5"],                  ["5/15-5/21", "DVT1", "25", "32", "42", "30", "8"],                  ["5/22-6/28", "DVT1", "1", "27", "37", "56", "12"],                  ["5/22-6/28", "DVT1", "1", "27", "37", "56", "12"]]      # 填充图表   chart_data.categories = [content_arr[0][0], content_arr[1][0], content_arr[2][0], content_arr[3][0]]   chart_data.add_series("问题总数", (content_arr[0][4], content_arr[1][4], content_arr[2][4], content_arr[3][4]))   chart_data.add_series("遗留问题总数", (content_arr[0][5], content_arr[1][5], content_arr[2][5], content_arr[3][5]))   chart_data.add_series("遗留致命严重\n问题总数", (content_arr[0][6], content_arr[1][6], content_arr[2][6], content_arr[3][6]))      # 设置位置   left, top, width, height = Cm(6), Cm(10), Cm(16.1), Cm(7.5)   # 添加图表   chart = slide.shapes.add_chart(       XL_CHART_TYPE.LINE, left, top, width, height, chart_data   ).chart         chart.has_legend = True   chart.legend.include_in_layout = False   # chart.series[0].smooth = True # 是否平滑   # chart.series[1].smooth = True   # chart.series[2].smooth = True   chart.font.size = Pt(10)  # 文字大小      ppt.save('4.3 python-pptx 添加图表并设置样式.pptx')   print('折线图添加完成')   

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效果如下:

**其它图表可参考:**https://www.cnblogs.com/adam012019/p/11348938.html

4.4 python-pptx 添加形状并设置样式

这里的形状可以是这些:

形状别名可以再这里查看:

https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/office/vba/api/Office.MsoAutoShapeType

并对应这里,找到正确的枚举名:

https://python-pptx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/enum/MsoAutoShapeType.html#msoautoshapetype

程序示例:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm   from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor   from pptx.enum.text import PP_ALIGN   from pptx.enum.shapes import MSO_SHAPE         # 设置需要添加到哪一页   n_page = 0      # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('4. python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 获取slide对象   slide = ppt.slides[n_page]      # 添加矩形   # 设置位置以及大小   left, top, width, height = Cm(2.5), Cm(4.5), Cm(30), Cm(0.5)   # 添加形状   rectangle = slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.RECTANGLE, left, top, width, height)   # 设置背景填充   rectangle.fill.solid()   # 设置背景颜色   rectangle.fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(34, 134, 165)   # 设置边框颜色   rectangle.line.color.rgb = RGBColor(34, 134, 165)      # 添加正三角+文字(正常)   left, top, width, height = Cm(3), Cm(5.1), Cm(0.5), Cm(0.4)   slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.FLOWCHART_EXTRACT, left, top, width, height)   new_paragraph = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left - Cm(0.95), top=top + Cm(0.4), width=Cm(2.4),height=Cm(1.1)).text_frame   content = """2020/01/05   内容1"""   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].text = content   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(10)  # 文字大小   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER      # 添加正三角+文字(延期)   left, top, width, height = Cm(9), Cm(5.1), Cm(0.5), Cm(0.4)   extract = slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.FLOWCHART_EXTRACT, left, top, width, height)   extract.fill.solid()   extract.fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)   extract.line.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)      new_paragraph = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left - Cm(0.95), top=top + Cm(0.4), width=Cm(2.4),height=Cm(1.1)).text_frame   content = """2020/01/05   内容2"""   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].text = content  # 文字内容   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(10)  # 文字大小   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)    # 文字颜色   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER # 文字水平对齐方式      # 添加倒三角+间隔条+文字   left, top, width, height = Cm(5), Cm(4), Cm(0.5), Cm(0.4)   slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.FLOWCHART_MERGE, left, top, width, height)   gap = slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.RECTANGLE, left + Cm(0.2), top + Cm(0.5), Cm(0.05), Cm(0.5))   gap.fill.solid()   gap.fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 255, 255)   gap.line.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 255, 255)      new_paragraph = slide.shapes.add_textbox(left=left - Cm(0.95), top=top - Cm(1), width=Cm(2.4),height=Cm(1.1)).text_frame   content = """2020/01/05   内容3"""   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].text = content   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].font.size = Pt(10)  # 文字大小   new_paragraph.paragraphs[0].alignment = PP_ALIGN.CENTER      # 添加当前时间图形   left, top, width, height = Cm(7), Cm(4), Cm(0.5), Cm(0.4)   now = slide.shapes.add_shape(MSO_SHAPE.DOWN_ARROW, left, top, width, height)   now.fill.solid()   now.fill.fore_color.rgb = RGBColor(254, 152, 47)   now.line.color.rgb = RGBColor(254, 152, 47)      ppt.save('4.4 python-pptx 添加形状并设置样式.pptx')   print('进度条添加完成')   

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效果如下:

5.seaborn绘图库介绍与使用

官方网址:http://seaborn.pydata.org/

  • seaborn是基于Matplotlib的Python数据可视化库。它提供了一个高级界面,用于绘制引人入胜且内容丰富的统计图形
  • 只是在Matplotlib上进行了更高级的API封装,从而使作图更加容易
  • seaborn是针对统计绘图的,能满足数据分析90%的绘图需求,需要复杂的自定义图形还需要使用到Matplotlib
5.1 pip安装seaborn
pip install seaborn   

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效果如下(我的显示已安装):

使用:

import seaborn as sns    # 或者   import seaborn   

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使用数据集:

import seaborn as sns      tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")   

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无法连接:

下载数据集:

https://github.com/mwaskom/seaborn-data

放到本地:

运行程序:

import seaborn as sns      tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")      print("tips:",tips)   print("ype(tips):",type(tips))   

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效果如下:

参考博客:

《解决seaborn导入数据集出现错误》

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33828738/article/details/107044082

5.2 seaborn绘制折线图
5.2.1 通过relplot来实现

示例代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   import seaborn as sns      # 数据集   data = sns.load_dataset("fmri")   print(data.head())   # 绘画折线图   sns.relplot(x="timepoint", y="signal", kind="line", data=data, ci=None)   # 显示   plt.show()   

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效果如下:

5.2.2 通过lineplot()函数来实现

示例代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   import seaborn as sns      # 数据集   data = sns.load_dataset("fmri")   print(data.head())   # 绘画折线图:   sns.lineplot(x="timepoint", y="signal", data=data, ci=95)   # 显示   plt.show()   

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效果如下:

5.2.3 多坐标效果

示例代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   import seaborn as sns      # 数据集   data = sns.load_dataset("fmri")   print(data.head())      # 绘画折线图   f, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(14, 6))      sns.lineplot(x="timepoint", y="signal", data=data, ci=None, ax=axes[0])   sns.lineplot(x="timepoint", y="signal", hue="region", style="event", data=data, ci=None, ax=axes[1])   plt.show()   

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效果如下:

5.2.4 保存生成的图片

注意:需要在plt.show()之前调用savefig,不然保存的图片就是一片空白

plt.savefig('seaborn生成的图片.png')      plt.show()   

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效果如下:

5.3 seaborn replot 绘制散点图

示例代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   import seaborn as sns      # 准备数据:自带数据集   tips = sns.load_dataset("tips")   print(tips.head())      # 绘画散点图   sns.relplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, hue="sex", style="smoker", size="size")   sns.relplot(x="total_bill", y="tip", data=tips, hue="sex", style="smoker", size="size", sizes=(100, 100))   # 显示   plt.show()   

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效果如下:

5.4 seaborn barplot绘制柱状图
  • 垂直

示例代码:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt   import seaborn as sns      # 显示正负号与中文不显示问题   plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False   sns.set_style('darkgrid', {'font.sans-serif':['SimHei', 'Arial']})      # 去除部分warning   import warnings   warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')      plt.figure(dpi=150)   x = ['金融','农业','制造业','新能源']   y = [164, 86, 126, 53]   sns.barplot(x, y)      plt.show()   

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效果如下:

  • 水平

调换横纵坐标位置即可

plt.figure(dpi=150)   x = ['金融','农业','制造业','新能源']   y = [164, 86, 126, 53]   sns.barplot(y,x )   plt.show()   

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6.python-pptx 插入图片

前提条件:

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.util import Pt,Cm      # 打开已存在ppt   ppt = Presentation('6.python-pptx操作模板.pptx')      # 设置添加到当前ppt哪一页   n_page = 0      # 获取需要添加文字的页面对象   slide = ppt.slides[n_page]      # 设置待添加的图片   img_name  = 'seaborn生成的图片.png'   # 设置位置   left, top, width, height = Cm(6), Cm(6), Cm(20), Cm(9)   # 进行添加   slide.shapes.add_picture(image_file=img_name,left=left,top=top,width=width,height=height)      # 保存ppt   ppt.save('6.python-pptx 插入图片.pptx')   

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效果如下:

7.python-pptx 读取数据

前提条件:

准备好一张有内容的ppt

示例代码:

from pptx import Presentation   from pptx.enum.shapes import MSO_SHAPE_TYPE      # 打开待读取的ppt文件   ppt = Presentation('研发管理部检测部周报2020-09-17.pptx')      # 获取第0张   slide0 = ppt.slides[0]      # 遍历所有内容   for shape in slide0.shapes:       # 打印shape名称       print(shape.shape_type)       # 判断是否为表格       if shape.shape_type == MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.TABLE:           #获取表格行           for row in shape.table.rows:               for cell in row.cells:                   print(cell.text_frame.text)   

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效果如下:

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