Linux安装Oracle 11G_oracle11g下载linux

一、准备工作：

1、CentOS7自行安装（64位），网络自行配置；

2、下载Oracle安装包：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 和 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip ；

3、HostName修改：oracle

hostnamectl set-hostname oracle

二、安装过程

1、配置yum源

cd /etc
mv yum.repos.d yum.repos.d.bak
mkdir yum.repos.d
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache

2、安装依赖包：

yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

3、检查依赖是否安装完整：

rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

4、添加oracle用户组和用户：

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle -d /home/oracle

5、添加完成后，查看oracle用户：

id oracle

6、初始化oracle用户的密码：

passwd oracle

以上部分操作截图：

配置hostname（本机IP映射）

vi /etc/hosts
  192.168.199.110 oracle
# 测试hostname
  ping -c 3 oracle

优化OS内核参数

# kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
## 内容如下：
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586

使参数生效:

sysctl -p

限制oracle用户的shell权限:

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
 
#在末尾添加
oracle	soft	nproc	2047
oracle	hard	nproc	16384
oracle	soft	nofile	1024
oracle	hard	nofile	65536
oracle	soft	stack	10240
oracle	hard	stack	10240
 
vi /etc/pam.d/login
 
session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so
 
vi /etc/profile
 
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------
使之生效：
source /etc/profile

创建oracle安装目录:

mkdir -p /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /db/app/oracle/oraInventory
mkdir /db/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /db/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /db/app/oracle

创建 vi /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc

配置oracle用户环境变量:

su - oracle  ## oracle用户登陆
 
vi .bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ORCL
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US"
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
 
## 以上配置完成后，建议重启系统 或分别执行以下命令：
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
env

解压oracle压缩文件到 /db：

# 上传linux.x64_11gR2_database_*of2.zip文件至/db/目录;
cd /db/
ls
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /db
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /db
 
# 解压完成后:
# 登录Root,复制授权
su - root
mkdir /home/oracle/etc/
cp /db/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
chmod 777 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp
 
# 登录oracle用户：
su – oracle
vi /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
## 信息如下：
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/db/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/db/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

开始安装：

su - oracle
 
./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
 
## 安装期间可以使用tail命令监看oracle的安装日志
 
tail -f /db/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-05-25_10-38-29AM.log

安装完成，提示Successfully Setup Software.

 使用root用户执行脚本:

su - root
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

增加或修改oracle的环境变量:

su  - oracle
 
vi ~/.bash_profile
 
export ORACLE_HOME=/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
 
#生效
source ~/.bash_profile

配置监听程序:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

启动监控程序:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
# 启动监听
[oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start
# 查看监听状态
[oracle@oracle bin]$ lsnrctl start
 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 25-MAY-2019 00:13:21
 
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                25-MAY-2019 00:05:55
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 7 min. 32 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1522)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1522)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@oracle bin]$ 

静默dbca建库

编辑应答文件:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /etc/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME="orcl.oracle" 
SID="orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle" 
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle" 
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" 
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8"
# 执行：
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp

 建库:

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ dbca -silent -responseFile etc/dbca.rsp

至此完成数据库实例的创建。

删除实例：

[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb orcl

 设置Oracle开机启动

1.su - oracle
  vim $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
  编辑dbstart,将ORACLE_HOME_LISTER=$1修改成ORACLE_HOME_LISTER=$ORACLE_HOME
 
  vim /etc/oratab
  将“orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/:N”，
 
  改为“orcl:/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/:Y"
2.使用root编辑/etc/rc.d/rc.local启动文件，添加数据库启动脚本dbstart
  su oracle -lc "/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart"
  su oracle -lc "/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
3.为文件/etc/rc.d/rc.local添加执行权限：
  chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
4.重启主机，查看数据库和监听是自启动
  重启主机 ： reboot
  查看监听(oracle用户)：lsnrctl status

 登录Oracle

[oracle@oracle bin]$ pwd
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin
[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./sqlplus /nolog
# 进入系统管理用户
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
# 启动oracle实例
SQL> startup;

解决问题：

（一）、错误信息：ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified

[oracle@oracle bin]$ ./sqlplus / as sysdba
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 00:20:45 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
ERROR:
ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified

解决方式：

1、系统当前的ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID环境变量：

[oracle@oracle bin]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[oracle@oracle bin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
 
 
[oracle@oracle bin]$

此时只设置了ORACLE_HOME环境变量，但ORACLE_SID此时为空，这就是该问题的真实原因。

2、给出ORACLE_SID，重新尝试登录：

# 方法（一）：
[oracle@oracle bin]$ export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
[oracle@oracle bin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ora11g
 
# 方法（二）：
[oracle@oracle bin]$ vi ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=ora11g
# 保存退出,使其生效
[oracle@oracle bin]$ source ~/.bash_profile
 
# 登录oracle
[oracle@oracle bin]$ sqlplus /nolog
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 00:37:35 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

 ( 二）、错误信息：LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora'

解决方法：

1、查看文件：

cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs
ls
# 查看initora11g.ora不存在;

 2、复制文件及改名

[root@oracle admin]# cd /db/app/oracle/admin/orcl/pfile/
[root@oracle pfile]# ls
init.ora.4242019231824
[root@oracle pfile]# cp ./init.ora.4242019231824 /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[root@oracle pfile]# cd /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[root@oracle dbs]# ls
hc_ora11g.dat  init.ora  init.ora.4242019231824  lkORCL  orapworcl
[root@oracle dbs]# mv ./init.ora.4242019231824 initora11g.ora
[root@oracle dbs]# chmod -R 777 /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initora11g.ora

 3、登录验证startup命令

[oracle@oracle bin]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
 
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sat May 25 01:33:36 2019
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
 
Connected to an idle instance.
 
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area 1586708480 bytes
Fixed Size		    2213736 bytes
Variable Size		  922749080 bytes
Database Buffers	  654311424 bytes
Redo Buffers		    7434240 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
 
SQL>