赞
踩
# 第一步:高斯平滑滤波
img = cv2.imread("lena.jpg", 0)
img = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (3, 3), 2)
一般采用soble算子,OpenCV也是如此,利用soble水平和垂直算子与输入图像卷积计算dx、dy:
进一步可以得到图像梯度的幅值:
为了简化计算,幅值也可以作如下近似:
角度为:
如下图表示了中心点的梯度向量、方位角以及边缘方向(任一点的边缘与梯度向量正交) :
# 第二步:计算每一点的梯度幅值与方向,找到边缘强度 img1 = np.zeros(img.shape, dtype="uint8") # 与原图大小相同 theta = np.zeros(img.shape, dtype="float") # 方向矩阵原图像大小 rows, cols = img.shape for i in range(1, rows - 1): for j in range(1, cols - 1): Gy = [np.sum(m2 * img[i - 1:i + 2, j - 1:j + 2])] Gx = [np.sum(m1 * img[i - 1:i + 2, j - 1:j + 2])] # 计算角度 if Gx[0] == 0: theta[i - 1, j - 1] = 90 continue else: temp = ((np.arctan2(Gy[0], Gx[0])) * 180 / np.pi) + 90 if Gx[0] * Gy[0] > 0: if Gx[0] > 0: # 第一象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = np.abs(temp) else: # 第三象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = (np.abs(temp) - 180) if Gx[0] * Gy[0] < 0: if Gx[0] > 0: # 第四象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = (-1) * np.abs(temp) else: # 第二象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = 180 - np.abs(temp) # 图像梯度的幅值 img1[i - 1, j - 1] = (np.sqrt(Gx[0] ** 2 + Gy[0] ** 2)) # 计算梯度方向:四个角度进行量化 for i in range(1, rows - 2): for j in range(1, cols - 2): if (((theta[i, j] >= -22.5) and (theta[i, j] < 22.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -157.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -180)) or ((theta[i, j] >= 157.5) and (theta[i, j] < 180))): theta[i, j] = 0.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 22.5) and (theta[i, j] < 67.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -112.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -157.5))): theta[i, j] = -45.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 67.5) and (theta[i, j] < 112.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -67.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -112.5))): theta[i, j] = 90.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 112.5) and (theta[i, j] < 157.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -22.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -67.5))): theta[i, j] = 45.0
# 第三步:非极大值抑制计算 img2 = np.zeros(img1.shape) # 非极大值抑制图像矩阵 # 非极大值抑制即为沿着上述4种类型的梯度方向,比较3*3邻域内对应邻域值的大小: for i in range(1, img2.shape[0] - 1): for j in range(1, img2.shape[1] - 1): # 0度为水平边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 0.0) and (img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i + 1, j], img1[i - 1, j]])): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # -45度边缘 if (theta[i, j] == -45.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i - 1, j - 1], img1[i + 1, j + 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # 90度垂直边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 90.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i, j + 1], img1[i, j - 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # 45度边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 45.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i - 1, j + 1], img1[i + 1, j - 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j]
a. 选取系数TH和TL,比率为2:1或3:1。(一般取TH=0.3或0.2,TL=0.1);
b. 将小于低阈值的点抛弃,赋0;将大于高阈值的点立即标记(这些点为确定边缘点),赋1或255;
c. 将小于高阈值,大于低阈值的点使用8连通区域确定(即:只有与TH像素连接时才会被接受,成为边缘点,赋 1或255)
# 第四步:双阈值检测和边缘连接
img3 = np.zeros(img2.shape) # 定义双阈值图像
TL = 50
TH = 100 # 关键在这两个阈值的选择
for i in range(1, img3.shape[0] - 1):
for j in range(1, img3.shape[1] - 1):
if img2[i, j] < TL:
img3[i, j] = 0
elif img2[i, j] > TH:
img3[i, j] = 255
# 将小于高阈值,大于低阈值的点使用8连通区域确定(即:只有与TH像素连接时才会被接受,成为边缘点,赋255)
elif ((img2[i + 1, j] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j] < TH) or (img2[i, j + 1] < TH) or
(img2[i, j - 1] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j - 1] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j + 1] < TH) or
(img2[i + 1, j + 1] < TH) or (img2[i + 1, j - 1] < TH)):
img3[i, j] = 255
import cv2 import numpy as np m1 = np.array([[1, 0, -1], [2, 0, -2], [1, 0, -1]]) m2 = np.array([[1, 2, 1], [0, 0, 0], [-1, -2, -1]]) # 第一步:高斯平滑滤波 img = cv2.imread("lena.jpg", 0) sobel = cv2.Canny(img, 50, 100) cv2.imshow("canny", sobel) # 角度值灰度图 img = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (3, 3), 2) # 第二步:计算每一点的梯度幅值与方向,找到边缘强度 img1 = np.zeros(img.shape, dtype="uint8") # 与原图大小相同 theta = np.zeros(img.shape, dtype="float") # 方向矩阵原图像大小 rows, cols = img.shape for i in range(1, rows - 1): for j in range(1, cols - 1): Gy = [np.sum(m2 * img[i - 1:i + 2, j - 1:j + 2])] Gx = [np.sum(m1 * img[i - 1:i + 2, j - 1:j + 2])] # 计算角度 if Gx[0] == 0: theta[i - 1, j - 1] = 90 continue else: temp = ((np.arctan2(Gy[0], Gx[0])) * 180 / np.pi) + 90 if Gx[0] * Gy[0] > 0: if Gx[0] > 0: # 第一象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = np.abs(temp) else: # 第三象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = (np.abs(temp) - 180) if Gx[0] * Gy[0] < 0: if Gx[0] > 0: # 第四象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = (-1) * np.abs(temp) else: # 第二象线 theta[i - 1, j - 1] = 180 - np.abs(temp) # 图像梯度的幅值 img1[i - 1, j - 1] = (np.sqrt(Gx[0] ** 2 + Gy[0] ** 2)) # 计算梯度方向:四个角度进行量化 for i in range(1, rows - 2): for j in range(1, cols - 2): if (((theta[i, j] >= -22.5) and (theta[i, j] < 22.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -157.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -180)) or ((theta[i, j] >= 157.5) and (theta[i, j] < 180))): theta[i, j] = 0.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 22.5) and (theta[i, j] < 67.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -112.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -157.5))): theta[i, j] = -45.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 67.5) and (theta[i, j] < 112.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -67.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -112.5))): theta[i, j] = 90.0 elif (((theta[i, j] >= 112.5) and (theta[i, j] < 157.5)) or ((theta[i, j] <= -22.5) and (theta[i, j] >= -67.5))): theta[i, j] = 45.0 # 第三步:非极大值抑制计算 img2 = np.zeros(img1.shape) # 非极大值抑制图像矩阵 # 非极大值抑制即为沿着上述4种类型的梯度方向,比较3*3邻域内对应邻域值的大小: for i in range(1, img2.shape[0] - 1): for j in range(1, img2.shape[1] - 1): # 0度为水平边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 0.0) and (img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i + 1, j], img1[i - 1, j]])): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # -45度边缘 if (theta[i, j] == -45.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i - 1, j - 1], img1[i + 1, j + 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # 90度垂直边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 90.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i, j + 1], img1[i, j - 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # 45度边缘 if (theta[i, j] == 45.0) and img1[i, j] == np.max([img1[i, j], img1[i - 1, j + 1], img1[i + 1, j - 1]]): img2[i, j] = img1[i, j] # 第四步:双阈值检测和边缘连接 img3 = np.zeros(img2.shape) # 定义双阈值图像 TL = 50 TH = 100 # 关键在这两个阈值的选择 for i in range(1, img3.shape[0] - 1): for j in range(1, img3.shape[1] - 1): if img2[i, j] < TL: img3[i, j] = 0 elif img2[i, j] > TH: img3[i, j] = 255 # 将小于高阈值,大于低阈值的点使用8连通区域确定(即:只有与TH像素连接时才会被接受,成为边缘点,赋255) elif ((img2[i + 1, j] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j] < TH) or (img2[i, j + 1] < TH) or (img2[i, j - 1] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j - 1] < TH) or (img2[i - 1, j + 1] < TH) or (img2[i + 1, j + 1] < TH) or (img2[i + 1, j - 1] < TH)): img3[i, j] = 255 cv2.imshow("original_img", img) # 原始图像 cv2.imshow("grad_img", img1) # 梯度幅值图 cv2.imshow("max_img", img2) # 非极大值抑制灰度图 cv2.imshow("final_img", img3) # 最终效果图 cv2.waitKey(0)
final_img
参考文献:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43043256/article/details/102947533
cnblogs.com/april0315/p/13629813.html
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。