CENTOS 7.5【部署安装ORACLE.11G数据库】

Oracle Database，又名Oracle RDBMS，或简称Oracle。是甲骨文公司的一款关系数据库管理系统。它是在数据库领域一直处于领先地位的产品。可以说Oracle数据库系统是目前世界上流行的关系数据库管理系统，系统可移植性好、使用方便、功能强，适用于各类大、中、小、微机环境。它是一种高效率、可靠性好的、适应高吞吐量的数据库方案。

1、部署环境要求
（1）操作系统版本：CentOS 7.x（最小化安装）
（2）最小内存容量：4GB
（3）最小CPU核心数：2核心
（4）最小磁盘空间：50GB
（5）磁盘分区建议：500GB磁盘空间为例
           /：50GB(根分区)
           /boot：500MB
           /home：50GB
           swap：物理内存小于4GB时，swap分配值为物理内存2倍，物理内存大于4GB时，swap分配值为物理内存1.5倍
           /data：剩余全部空间

 2、部署软件准备

Oracle Database SoftPack：linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
Oracle Database SoftPack：linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

 3、网络参数配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=8586e405-4459-42e2-ac9f-def02881736d
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
MACADDR=preserve
IPADDR=10.10.10.133
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.10.10.10
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
ZONE=public

 4、系统软件安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install vim net-tools tree unzip lrzsz

5、系统安全配置
（1）关闭SELINUX安全访问控制

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
# SELINUX=enforcing       //注释掉此处
   SELINUX=disabled        //新增此处，并将SELINUX状态设置关闭状态disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

（2）配置防火墙安全规则

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service //查看防火墙运行状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2019-08-30 22:58:53 CST; 8h ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
 Main PID: 841 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─841 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
 
8月 30 22:58:52 oracleserver.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
8月 30 22:58:53 oracleserver.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent  //开放1521端口
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=1158/tcp --permanent  //开放1158端口
success 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22/tcp --permanent  //开放22端口
success
 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  //重启载入防火墙配置
success
 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports  //查看已开放端口
22/tcp   1158/tcp   1521/tcp

6、安装依赖软件

32位依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel \
compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ \
glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio \
libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc \
libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 \
make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
 
64位依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* \
elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* \
glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* \
libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++- devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* \
unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*
 
检查依赖软件：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 \
compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel \
compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ \
glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio \
libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc \
libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 \
make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
 
执行安装更新：
[root@localhost ~]# yum update

7、部署用户配置
（1）创建部署用户

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall  //创建oinstall用户组
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba        //创建dba用户组
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle   //创建oracle用户并将用户加入到oinstall、dba两个用户组
[root@localhost ~]# passwd oracle    //设置oracle用户密码
更改用户 oracle 的密码 。
新的 密码：
重新输入新的 密码：
passwd： 所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

  （2）创建部署目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/app/oradata
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/flash_recovery_area
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/oraInventory
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /oracle/response
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /software
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall -R /oracle/
[root@localhost ~]# chown oracle:oinstall -R /software/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /oracle/
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /software/

8、配置部署参数
（1）配置系统主机参数

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oracleserver.localdomain //修改主机名称
 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts   //配置主机网络地址与主机名称映射记录
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
10.10.10.133  oracleserver  oracleserver.localdomain
 
[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/redhat-release   //配置系统标识参数
#CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.3 (Maipo)   
 
[root@localhost ~]# reboot   //重启操作系统

（2）配置系统内核参数

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
 
#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面内核参数
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
 
[root@oracleserver ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p  //更新内核参数，等效命令
[root@oracleserver ~]# /sysctl -p       //更新内核参数，等效命令
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

（3）配置登录身份认证

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login 
#%PAM-1.0
auth [user_unknown=ignore success=ok ignore=ignore default=bad] pam_securetty.so
auth       substack     system-auth
auth       include      postlogin
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      system-auth
password   include      system-auth
# pam_selinux.so close should be the first session rule
session    required     pam_selinux.so close
session    required     pam_loginuid.so
session    optional     pam_console.so
# pam_selinux.so open should only be followed by sessions to be executed in the user context
session    required     pam_selinux.so open
session    required     pam_namespace.so
session    optional     pam_keyinit.so force revoke
session    include      system-auth
session    include      postlogin
-session   optional     pam_ck_connector.so
 
#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
session    required     pam_limits.so
session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

（4）配置资源限制参数

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/profile
# /etc/profile
# System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
# are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
# /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
# will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
 
pathmunge () {
    case ":${PATH}:" in
        *:"$1":*)
            ;;
        *)
            if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                PATH=$PATH:$1
            else
                PATH=$1:$PATH
            fi
    esac
}
 
if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
    if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
        # ksh workaround
        EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u`
        UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru`
    fi
    USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`"
    LOGNAME=$USER
    MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
fi
 
# Path manipulation
if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
    pathmunge /usr/sbin
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
else
    pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
    pathmunge /usr/sbin after
fi
 
HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
HISTSIZE=1000
if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
else
    export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
fi
 
export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
# By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
# Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
# You could check uidgid reservation validity in
# /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then
    umask 002
else
    umask 022
fi
 
for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh /etc/profile.d/sh.local ; do
    if [ -r "$i" ]; then
        if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then 
            . "$i"
        else
            . "$i" >/dev/null
        fi
    fi
done
unset i
unset -f pathmunge
#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
  ulimit -p 16384
  ulimit -n 65536
else
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
 fi
fi
[root@oracleserver ~]# source /etc/profile   //使参数配置生效

 

[root@oracleserver ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#
 
#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4
 
#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
oracle  soft  nproc 2047
oracle  hard  nproc 16384
oracle  soft  nofile  1024
oracle  hard  nofile  65536
 
# End of file

 （5）配置内存分配参数

[root@oracleserver ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled  //查询THP状态
always 
[root@oracleserver ~]# echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled  //关闭THP延迟分配内存机制
[root@oracleserver ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled  //查询THP状态
always madvise [never]

（6）配置数据库环境变量

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
 
#Oracle Install Parameter  //添加下面Oracle安装参数
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export NLS_LANG=.AL32UTF8
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export TNS_ADMIN=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
 
[root@oracleserver ~]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile  //使参数配置生效
 
[root@oracleserver ~]# reboot  //重启操作系统

9、上传数据库软件

[root@oracleserver ~]# cd /software/
[root@oracleserver software]# rz
[root@oracleserver software]# ll
总用量 2295592
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 8月  29 11:44 Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.1of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 8月  29 11:44 Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.2of2.zip
 
#静默解压文件
[root@oracleserver software]# unzip -q Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.1of2.zip -d /software
[root@oracleserver software]# unzip -q Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.2of2.zip -d /software
 
[root@oracleserver software]# ll
总用量 2295592
drwxr-xr-x 8 oracle oinstall 128 8月 21 2009 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1239269270 8月  29 11:44 Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.1of2.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1111416131 8月  29 11:44 Oracle.11g.R2.DataBase.Linux.x64.11.2.0.1.0.2of2.zip

10、配置数据库响应文件

[root@oracleserver software]# cp /software/database/response/db_install.rsp  /oracle/response/  //等效命令
[root@oracleserver software]# cp /software/database/response/*  /oracle/response/  //等效命令
 
[root@oracleserver software]# vim /oracle/response/db_install.rsp
####################################################################
## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2008. All rights reserved.##
##                                                                ##
## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize     ##
## your installation.                                             ##
##                                                                ##
## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment        ##
## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate        ##
## values.							  ##
##                                                                ##
## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and    ##
## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user  ##
## or db administrator who owns this installation.                ##
##                                                                ##
####################################################################
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Do not change the following system generated value. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#标注响应文件版本
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation option.
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. INSTALL_DB_SWONLY 只装数据库软件
# 2. INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG 安装数据库软件并建库
# 3. UPGRADE_DB 升级数据库
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used
# to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the
# first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames 
# and network interfaces)
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定操作系统主机名
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracleserver
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory.  
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定产品清单oraInventory目录所有者，通常会是oinstall或者dba组
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the location which holds the inventory files.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定产品清单oraInventory目录路径，需要建立在App目录外面
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/oracle/oraInventory
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the languages in which the components will be installed.             
#
# en   : English                  ja   : Japanese                  
# fr   : French                   ko   : Korean                    
# ar   : Arabic                   es   : Latin American Spanish    
# bn   : Bengali                  lv   : Latvian                   
# pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese     lt   : Lithuanian                
# bg   : Bulgarian                ms   : Malay                     
# fr_CA: Canadian French          es_MX: Mexican Spanish           
# ca   : Catalan                  no   : Norwegian                 
# hr   : Croatian                 pl   : Polish                    
# cs   : Czech                    pt   : Portuguese                
# da   : Danish                   ro   : Romanian                  
# nl   : Dutch                    ru   : Russian                   
# ar_EG: Egyptian                 zh_CN: Simplified Chinese        
# en_GB: English (Great Britain)  sk   : Slovak                    
# et   : Estonian                 sl   : Slovenian                 
# fi   : Finnish                  es_ES: Spanish                   
# de   : German                   sv   : Swedish                   
# el   : Greek                    th   : Thai                      
# iw   : Hebrew                   zh_TW: Traditional Chinese       
# hu   : Hungarian                tr   : Turkish                   
# is   : Icelandic                uk   : Ukrainian                 
# in   : Indonesian               vi   : Vietnamese                
# it   : Italian                                                   
#
# Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定数据库语言，多个直接用逗号隔开
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置ORALCE_HOME的路径
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置ORACLE_BASE的路径
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the installation edition of the component.                        
#                                                             
# The value should contain only one of these choices.        
# EE     : Enterprise Edition   企业版                             
# SE     : Standard Edition     标准版                             
# SEONE  : Standard Edition One 标准版1
# PE     : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY) 个人版
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定数据库版本
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is used to enable or disable custom install.
#
# true  : Components mentioned as part of 'customComponents' property
#         are considered for install.
# false : Value for 'customComponents' is not considered.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否自定义Oracle的组件，如果选择false，则会使用默认的组件。
#是否自定义Oracle的组件，如果选择true，则需要自己选择组件。
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is considered only if 'IsCustomInstall' is set to true. 
#
# Description: List of Enterprise Edition Options you would like to install.
#
#              The following choices are available. You may specify any
#              combination of these choices.  The components you choose should
#              be specified in the form "internal-component-name:version"
#              Below is a list of components you may specify to install.
#        
#              oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Partitioning
#              oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Data Mining
#              oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Database Vault 
#              oracle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Label Security
#              oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle Real Application Testing 
#              oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0 - Oracle OLAP
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0
 
###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS                                  	      #
# ------------------------------------------                                  #
# Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges       #
# needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the   #		
# group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below.	      #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定拥有OSDBA权限的用户组，通常会是dba组
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
指定拥有OSOPER权限的用户组，通常会是oinstall组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the cluster node names selected during the installation.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定RAC安装节点
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of database to create.
# It can be one of the following:
# - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING  一般用途/事物处理 
# - DATA_WAREHOUSE 数据仓库  
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定数据库用途类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=DATA_WAREHOUSE
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定GlobalName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database SID.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定SIDName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Starter Database character set.
#                                              
# It can be one of the following:
# AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2,
# EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257,
# BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6,
# AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8,
# IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE,
# KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950,
# ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定数据库默认字符集
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management 
# in Database is desired.
# If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation
# is to be done manually, then set it to false.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#开启数据库自动内存管理
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be
# at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available 
# on the system.
# Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定自动内存容量大小
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable controls whether to load Example Schemas onto the starter
# database or not.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否载入模板示例
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable includes enabling audit settings, configuring password profiles
# and revoking some grants to public. These settings are provided by default. 
# These settings may also be disabled.    
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否启用安全设置
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
 
###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the	      #
# starter database:      						      #
#   SYS                                                                       #
#   SYSTEM                                                                    #
#   SYSMAN (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#   DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager)                                       #
#                                                                             #
# Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) 		      #
# or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended)       #
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the
# starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置数据用所有用户使用同一个密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=iTouch123
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYS password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置sys用户密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置system用户密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SYSMAN password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置sysman用户密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置dbsnmp用户密码
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the management option to be selected for the starter database. 
# It can be one of the following:
# 1. GRID_CONTROL 远程管理工具
# 2. DB_CONTROL   本地管理工具
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Management Service to use if Grid Control is selected to manage 
# the database.      
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#GRID_CONTROL需要设定gridcontrol的远程路径URL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable indicates whether to receive email notification for critical 
# alerts when using DB control.   
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否启用Email邮件通知数据库异常警告信息
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the email address to which the notifications are to be sent.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置Email邮件通知接收地址
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the SMTP server used for email notifications.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#设置Email邮件发送SMTP服务器
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
 
 
###############################################################################
#                                                                             #
# SPECIFY BACKUP AND RECOVERY OPTIONS                                 	      #
# ------------------------------------		                              #
# Out-of-box backup and recovery options for the database can be mentioned    #
# using the entries below.						      #	
#                                                                             #
###############################################################################
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This variable is to be set to false if automated backup is not required. Else 
# this can be set to true.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#是否自动备份数据库
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system 
# user that is specified in this variable.
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#自动备份会启动一个JOB，指定启动JOB的OSsuer的UID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Regardless of the type of storage that is chosen for backup and recovery, if 
# automated backups are enabled, a job will be scheduled to run daily at
# 2:00 AM to backup the database. This job will run as the operating system user
# specified by the above entry. The following entry stores the password for the
# above operating system user.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#自动备份会开启一个job，需要指定OSUser的pwd
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the type of storage to use for the database.
# It can be one of the following:
# - FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
# - ASM_STORAGE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#自动备份指定使用FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE存放数据库文件还是使用ASM存放数据库文件
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the database file location which is a directory for datafiles, control
# files, redo logs.         
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定数据文件、控制文件、Redo log的存放目录
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=/oracle/oradata
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the backup and recovery location.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=FILE_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#使用文件系统存放数据库文件才需要指定备份恢复目录
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=/oracle/flash_recovery_area
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the existing ASM disk groups to be used for storage.
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定存放的磁盘组
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the password for ASMSNMP user of the ASM instance.                  
#
# Applicable only when oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storage=ASM_SYSTEM 
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#使用ASM存放数据库文件才需要指定ASM实例密码
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username.
#
#  Example   : MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=metalink
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定metalink账户用户名
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the My Oracle Support Account Username password.
#
# Example    : MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=password
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#指定metalink账户密码
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether to enable the user to set the password for
# My Oracle Support credentials. The value can be either true or false.
# If left blank it will be assumed to be false.
#
# Example    : SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=true
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#用户是否可以设置metalink密码
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify whether user wants to give any proxy details for connection. 
# The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed
# to be false.
#
# Example    : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# False表示不需要设置安全更新，注意，在11.2的静默安装中疑似有一个BUG
# Response File中必须指定为true，否则会提示错误，不管是否正确填写了邮件地址
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the Proxy server name. Length should be greater than zero.
#
# Example    : PROXY_HOST=proxy.domain.com 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#代理服务器名
PROXY_HOST=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy port number. Should be Numeric and atleast 2 chars.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PORT=25 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#代理服务器端口
PROXY_PORT=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy user name. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD 
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_USER=username 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#代理服务器用户名
PROXY_USER=
 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Specify the proxy password. Leave PROXY_USER and PROXY_PWD  
# blank if your proxy server requires no authentication.
#
# Example    : PROXY_PWD=password 
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#代理服务器密码
PROXY_PWD=

 

11、安装数据库软件

[root@oracleserver ~]# su - oracle
上一次登录：六 8月 31 10:40:29 CST 2019pts/1 上
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ cd /software/database/
 
#屏蔽异常信息，无警告信息
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /oracle/response/db_install.rsp
 
#屏蔽部分异常信息，会有警告，可忽略
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$  ./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /oracle/response/db_install.rsp
>>>>>>
        正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...
        检查临时空间: 必须大于 120 MB。   实际为 38740 MB    通过
        检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。   实际为 4095 MB    通过
        准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2019-04-16_03-41-22PM. 请稍候...[oracle@jetflow136 database]$ 可以在以下位置找到本次安装会话的日志:
        /home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-04-16_03-41-22PM.log
 
安装结束后会打印如下信息：
         以下配置脚本需要以 "root" 用户的身份执行。
         #!/bin/sh 
         #要运行的 Root 脚本
         /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
         /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
         要执行配置脚本, 请执行以下操作:
	 1. 打开一个终端窗口
	 2. 以 "root" 身份登录
	 3. 运行脚本
	 4. 返回此窗口并按 "Enter" 键继续
        Successfully Setup Software.
<<<<<<
 
@ 注意：如果需要查询安装过程日志，请重新开个终端，使用命令：tailf /home/oracle/tools/oraInventory/logs/installActions2019-04-16_03-41-22PM.log 打印日志。
@ 告警：只要不会导致程序退出，即可忽略一些警告异常。
 
#重新打开一个xshell终端窗口，使用root用户执行脚本
[root@oracleserver ~]# /oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracleserver ~]# /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

12、设置数据库开启启动

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/oratab
#
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
#orcl:/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N     //注释此处
orcl:/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y      //添加此处

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart
#!/bin/sh
#
# $Id: dbstart.sh 22-may-2008.05:05:45 arogers Exp $ 
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.  
#
###################################
# 
# usage: dbstart $ORACLE_HOME
#
# This script is used to start ORACLE from /etc/rc(.local).
# It should ONLY be executed as part of the system boot procedure.
#
# This script will start all databases listed in the oratab file
# whose third field is a "Y".  If the third field is set to "Y" and
# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (the first field is a *),
# then this script will ignore that entry.
#
# This script requires that ASM ORACLE_SID's start with a +, and 
# that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do not start with a +.
#
# If ASM instances are to be started with this script, it cannot
# be used inside an rc*.d directory, and should be invoked from
# rc.local only. Otherwise, the CSS service may not be available
# yet, and this script will block init from completing the boot
# cycle.
#
# If you want dbstart to auto-start a single-instance database that uses
# an ASM server that is auto-started by CRS (this is the default behavior
# for an ASM cluster), you must change the database's ORATAB entry to use
# a third field of "W" and the ASM's ORATAB entry to use a third field of "N".
# These values specify that dbstart auto-starts the database only after
# the ASM instance is up and running.
#
# Note:
# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing this script.
#
# The progress log for each instance bringup plus Error and Warning message[s]
# are logged in file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log. The error messages related to 
# instance bringup are also logged to syslog (system log module).
# The Listener log is located at $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
# 
# On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS
# ORATAB=/etc/oratab
#
# To configure, update ORATAB with Instances that need to be started up
#    Entries are of the form:
#    $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y|W>:
#    An example entry:
#    main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y
#
# Overall algorithm:
# 1) Bring up all ASM instances with 'Y' entry in status field in oratab entry
# 2) Bring up all Database instances with 'Y' entry in status field in
#    oratab entry
# 3) If there are Database instances with 'W' entry in status field
#    then
#      iterate over all ASM instances (irrespective of 'Y' or 'N') AND
#      wait for all of them to be started
#    fi
# 4) Bring up all Database instances with 'W' entry in status field in
#    oratab entry
#
#####################################
LOGMSG="logger -puser.alert -s "
trap 'exit' 1 2 3
# for script tracing
case $ORACLE_TRACE in
  T) set -x ;;
esac
    
# Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)
SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 
# First argument is used to bring up Oracle Net Listener
#ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1               //注释此处
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME      //添加此处
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
  echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
  echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"
else
  LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
 
  # Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to
  # a different ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab.
  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER
 
  # Start Oracle Net Listener
  if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
    echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
    $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 &
    VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1`
    export VER10LIST
  else
    echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
  fi
fi
 
# Set this in accordance with the platform
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
if [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then
  echo "$ORATAB not found"
  exit 1;
fi
 
# Checks Version Mismatch between Listener and Database Instance.
# A version 10 listener is required for an Oracle Database 10g database.
# Previous versions of the listener are not supported for use with an Oracle
# Database 10g database. However, it is possible to use a version 10 listener
# with previous versions of the Oracle database.
checkversionmismatch() {
  if [ $VER10LIST ] ; then
    VER10INST=`sqlplus -V | grep "Release " | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'.' -f1`
    if [ $VER10LIST -lt $VER10INST ] ; then
      $LOGMSG "Listener version $VER10LIST NOT supported with Database version $VER10INST"
      $LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER:"
      $LOGMSG "lsnrctl start"
    fi
  fi
}
 
# Starts a Database Instance
startinst() {
  # Called programs use same database ID
  export ORACLE_SID
 
  # Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH and export.
  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH
  # add for bug # 652997
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
  SPFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora
  SPFILE1=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile.ora
 
  echo ""
  echo "$0: Starting up database \"$ORACLE_SID\""
  date
  echo ""
 
  checkversionmismatch
 
  # See if it is a V6 or V7 database
  VERSION=undef
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then
    SQLDBA=sqldba
    VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk '
      /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ;
      print V[1]}'`
    case $VERSION in
      "6") ;;
      *) VERSION="internal" ;;
    esac
  else
    if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then
      SQLDBA=svrmgrl
      VERSION="internal"
    else
      SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog"
    fi
  fi
 
  STATUS=1
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.dbf ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
  fi
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.ora ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
  fi
  pmon=`ps -ef | grep -w "ora_pmon_$ORACLE_SID"  | grep -v grep`
  if [ "$pmon" != "" ] ; then
    STATUS="-1"
    $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" already started."
  fi
 
  if [ $STATUS -eq -1 ] ; then
    $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" possibly left running when system went down (system crash?)."
    $LOGMSG "Action: Notify Database Administrator."
    case $VERSION in
      "6")  sqldba "command=shutdown abort" ;;
      "internal")  $SQLDBA $args <<EOF
connect internal
shutdown abort
EOF
        ;;
      *)  $SQLDBA $args <<EOF
connect / as sysdba
shutdown abort
quit
EOF
        ;;
    esac
 
    if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
      STATUS=1
    else
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started."
    fi
  fi
 
  if [ $STATUS -eq 1 ] ; then
    if [ -e $SPFILE -o -e $SPFILE1 -o -e $PFILE ] ; then
      case $VERSION in
        "6")  sqldba command=startup ;;
        "internal")  $SQLDBA <<EOF 
connect internal
startup
EOF
          ;;
        *)  $SQLDBA <<EOF 
connect / as sysdba
startup
quit
EOF
          ;;
      esac
 
      if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then
        echo "" 
        echo "$0: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" warm started." 
      else
        $LOGMSG "" 
        $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." 
      fi
    else
      $LOGMSG "" 
      $LOGMSG "No init file found for ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\"." 
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." 
    fi
  fi
}
 
# Starts an ASM Instance
startasminst() {
  # Called programs use same database ID
  export ORACLE_SID
  ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
  # Called scripts use same home directory
  export ORACLE_HOME
 
  # For ASM instances, we have a dependency on the CSS service.
  # Wait here for it to become available before instance startup.
 
  # Is the 10g install intact? Are all necessary binaries present?
  if [ ! -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl ]; then
    $LOGMSG "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl not found when attempting to start"
    $LOGMSG "  ASM instance $ORACLE_SID."
 
  else 
    COUNT=0
    $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css
    RC=$?
    while [ "$RC" != "0" ];
      do
      COUNT=`expr $COUNT + 1`
      if [ $COUNT = 15 ] ; then
        # 15 tries with 20 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout
        $LOGMSG "Timed out waiting to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"         
        $LOGMSG "  CSS service is NOT available."
        exit $COUNT
      fi
      $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CSS service to be available before starting "
      $LOGMSG " ASM instance $ORACLE_SID. Wait $COUNT."
      sleep 20
      $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css
      RC=$?
    done
  fi
  startinst
}
 
# Start of dbstartup script
#
# Loop for every entry in oratab file and and try to start
# that ORACLE.
#
# ASM instances need to be started before 'Database instances'
# ASM instance is identified with '+' prefix in ORACLE_SID
# Following loop brings up ASM instance[s]
 
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
    # If ASM instances
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
      INST="ASM instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      # Called scripts use same home directory
      export ORACLE_HOME
      # file for logging script's output
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
      touch $LOG
      chmod a+r $LOG
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
      startasminst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
esac
done
 
# exit if there was any trouble bringing up ASM instance[s]
if [ "$?" != "0" ] ; then
  exit 2
fi
 
#
# Following loop brings up 'Database instances'
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
    # If non-ASM instances
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then
      INST="Database instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      # Called scripts use same home directory
      export ORACLE_HOME
      # file for logging script's output
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
      touch $LOG
      chmod a+r $LOG
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
      startinst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
esac
done
 
#
# Following loop brings up 'Database instances' that have wait state 'W'
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'W'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then
    W_ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
    # DB instances with 'W' (wait state) have a dependency on ASM instances via CRS.
    # Wait here for 'all' ASM instances to become available.
    cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
    do
    case $LINE in
      \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
      *)
      ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
      if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
        # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
        ORACLE_SID=""
        continue
      fi
      if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
        INST="ASM instance"
        ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
        if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl ] ; then
          COUNT=0
          NODE=`olsnodes -l`
          RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"`
          RC=$?
          while [ "$RC" != "0" ]; # wait until this comes up!
          do
            COUNT=$((COUNT+1))
            if [ $COUNT = 5 ] ; then
              # 5 tries with 60 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout
              $LOGMSG "Error: Timed out waiting on CRS to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"         
              exit $COUNT
            fi
            $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CRS service to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID"
            $LOGMSG "Wait $COUNT."
            sleep 60
            RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"`
            RC=$?
          done
        else
          $LOGMSG "Error: \"${W_ORACLE_SID}\" has dependency on ASM instance \"${ORACLE_SID}\""
          $LOGMSG "Error: Need $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl to check this dependency"
        fi
      fi     # asm instance
      ;;
    esac
    done # innner while
  fi
  ;;
esac
done # outer while
 
# by now all the ASM instances have come up and we can proceed to bring up
# DB instance with 'W' wait status
 
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry
    ORACLE_SID=""
    continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'W'.
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then
    INST="Database instance"
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
      $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started"
      $LOGMSG "Error: incorrect usage: 'W' not allowed for ASM instances"
      continue
    fi
    ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
    # Called scripts use same home directory
    export ORACLE_HOME
    # file for logging script's output
    LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log
    touch $LOG
    chmod a+r $LOG
    echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log"
    startinst >> $LOG 2>&1
  fi
  ;;
esac
done

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbshut
#!/bin/sh
#
# $Id: dbshut.sh 22-may-2008.05:19:31 arogers Exp $
# Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved.  
#
###################################
# 
# usage: dbshut $ORACLE_HOME
#
# This script is used to shutdown ORACLE from /etc/rc(.local).
# It should ONLY be executed as part of the system boot procedure.
#
# This script will shutdown all databases listed in the oratab file
# whose third field is a "Y" or "W".  If the third field is set to "Y" and
# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (the first field is a *),
# then this script will ignore that entry.
#
# This script requires that ASM ORACLE_SID's start with a +, and 
# that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do not start with a +.
#
# Note:
# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing this script.
# Oracle Net Listener is also shutdown using this script.
#
# The progress log for each instance shutdown is logged in file 
# $ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log.
#
# On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS
# ORATAB=/etc/oratab
#
# To configure, update ORATAB with Instances that need to be shutdown
#    Entries are of the form:
#    $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#    An example entry:
#    main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y
#
#####################################
 
trap 'exit' 1 2 3
case $ORACLE_TRACE in
  T) set -x ;;
esac
 
# Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)
SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 
# The  this to bring down Oracle Net Listener
#ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1             //注释此处
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME    //添加此处
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
  echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"
  echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"
else
  LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
 
  # Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to
  # a different ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab.
  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER
 
  # Stop Oracle Net Listener
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then
    echo "$0: Stoping Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1
    $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl stop >> $LOG 2>&1 &
  else
    echo "Failed to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr"
  fi
fi
 
# Set this in accordance with the platform
ORATAB=/etc/oratab
if [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then
  echo "$ORATAB not found"
  exit 1;
fi
 
# Stops an instance
stopinst() {
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
    ORACLE_SID=""
  fi
# Called programs use same database ID
  export ORACLE_SID
  ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
# Called scripts use same home directory
  export ORACLE_HOME
# Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH and export.
  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH
# add for bug 652997
  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
  PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora
 
# See if it is a V6 or V7 database
  VERSION=undef
  if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then
    SQLDBA=sqldba
    VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk '
      /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ;
      print V[1]}'`
    case $VERSION in
      "6") ;;
      *) VERSION="internal" ;;
    esac
  else
    if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then
      SQLDBA=svrmgrl
      VERSION="internal"
    else
      SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog"
    fi
  fi
 
  case $VERSION in
    "6")  sqldba command=shutdown ;;
    "internal")  $SQLDBA <<EOF
connect internal
shutdown immediate
EOF
     ;;
     *)  $SQLDBA <<EOF
connect / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
quit
EOF
     ;;
  esac
 
  if test $? -eq 0 ; then
    echo "${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" shut down."
  else
    echo "${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" not shut down."
  fi
}
 
#
# Loop for every entry in oratab file and and try to shut down
# that ORACLE
#
# Following loop shuts down 'Database Instance[s]' with 'Y' entry
 
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
  case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
      # NULL SID - ignore
      ORACLE_SID=""
      continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y' or 'W'
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then
      INST="Database instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $LOG"
      stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
  esac
done
 
#
# Following loop shuts down 'Database Instance[s]' with 'W' entry
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
  case $LINE in
  \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
  *)
  ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
  if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
      # NULL SID - ignore
      ORACLE_SID=""
      continue
  fi
  # Proceed only if last field is 'Y' or 'W'
  if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then
    if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then
      INST="Database instance"
      ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
      LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log
      echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $LOG"
      stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1
    fi
  fi
  ;;
  esac
done
 
#
# Following loop shuts down 'ASM Instance[s]'
#
cat $ORATAB | while read LINE
do
  case $LINE in
    \#*)                ;;        #comment-line in oratab
    *)
    ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -`
    if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then
      # NULL SID - ignore
      ORACLE_SID=""
      continue
    fi
    # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'.
    # Entries whose last field is not Y or N are not DB entry, ignore them.
    if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then
      if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then
        INST="ASM instance"
        ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -`
        LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log
        echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $LOG"
        stopinst >> $LOG 2>&1
      fi
    fi
  ;;
  esac
done

[root@oracleserver ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.
 
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
su oracle -lc "/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"  //添加此处
su oracle -lc "/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"        //添加此处
 
#开机启动文件执行权限授权
[root@oracleserver ~]# ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
-rw-r--r-- 1 775 root 607 8月  31 13:51 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@oracleserver ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@oracleserver ~]# ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 775 root 607 8月  31 13:51 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

13、数据库常用操作
（1）数据库实例启动

[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba 
SQL> startup  （默认安装后自启动）
SQL> startup force （强制启动）
ORACLE instance started.
 
Total System Global Area  534462464 bytes
Fixed Size                  2215064 bytes
Variable Size             360711016 bytes
Database Buffers          159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers               12152832 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
 
#查询数据库启动状态
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

（2）数据库实例停止

[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysoper
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

（3）配置数据库监听

#监听配置文件路径设置
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
#
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.
 
# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
orcl:/oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N
 
#配置数据库监听端口
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ cat /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
 
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app

[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ lsnrctl stop    //停止数据库监听服务
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ lsnrctl start   //启动数据库监听服务(启动后等待5秒再检查)
[oracle@oracleserver ~]$ lsnrctl status  //查询数据库监听服务状态
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 31-AUG-2019 11:02:53
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                30-AUG-2019 23:48:25
Uptime                    0 days 11 hr. 14 min. 28 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/app/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/app/diag/tnslsnr/oracleserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully