Elastic Search框架（上篇，概述+入门语法+API+集群部署）_es框架

如何选择POST还是PUT，看是否有幂等性（提交多次结果是否一致，若一致就可以用PUT，每次如果都不一样就用POST）

一、ES概述：技术选型

ElasticSearch：对数据进行大量分析、分布式索引、监控&指标

二、ES入门

1. 安装与使用

点我下载ES 7.8

安装好之后点开 bin/elasticsearch.bat

之后访问 http://localhost:9200/
可以看到json格式的数据就是正常打开

ES数据的发送和返回都是json格式的

2. 倒排索引

为什么叫倒排索引
在没有搜索引擎时，我们是直接输入一个网址，然后获取网站内容，这时我们的行为是：

document -> to -> words

通过文章，获取里面的单词，此谓「正向索引」，forward index.

后来，我们希望能够输入一个单词，找到含有这个单词，或者和这个单词有关系的文章：

word -> to -> documents

于是我们把这种索引，成为inverted index，直译过来，应该叫「反向索引」，国内翻译成「倒排索引」，有点委婉了。
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u013008898/article/details/116493167

3. HTTP，索引，创建

shopping是索引名称

1. 创建索引（等于创建数据库，发送PUT请求）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

2. 得到索引（发送GET请求）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping
   得到全部：http://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v

3. 删除索引（发送DELETE请求）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping

4. 文档数据的创建

1. 往索引里新增数据（不自定义ID：POST，传JSON）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/
2. 往索引里新增数据（自定义ID：POST、PUT，传JSON）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/123
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_create/123

5. 主键查询 & 全查询

1. 查询主键单数据（GET）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/123
2. 查询全部数据（GET）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

6. 全量修改 & 局部修改

1. 全量修改（PUT、POST）：
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_doc/123

{
	"name":"haige",
	"age",123
}
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2. 局部修改（POST）
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_update/123

{
	"doc" :{
		 "name":"haige",
	}
}
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7. 条件查询 & 分页查询 & 查询排序

（查询都是GET）

1. 条件查询
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "name":"哈喽"
        }
    }
}
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2. 分页查询
   http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "name":"哈喽"
        }
    },
    "from":0,
    "size":2
}
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表示从第0项开始显示，显示2项

3. 查询排序（并且只显示name字段）

{
    "query":{
        "match":{
            "name":"哈喽"
        }
    },
    "from":0,
    "size":2,
    "_source" : ["name"],
    "sort" : {
        "age" : {
            "order" : "desc"
        }
    }
}
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8. 多条件查询，范围查询

多条件查询

{
    "query":{
        "bool" :{
            "must" :[
                {
                    "match" :{
                        "name":"测试"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match" :{
                        "age":20
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
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多条件查询

{
    "query":{
        "bool" :{
            "must" :[
                {
                    "match" :{
                        "name":"测试"
                    }
                },
                {
                    "match" :{
                        "age":20
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}
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{
    "query":{
        "bool" :{
            "should" :[
                {
                    "match" :{
                        "name":"测试"
                    }
                }
            ],
            "filter" :{
                "range":{
                    "age":{
                        "gt" : 20
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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全文检索
match默认全文检索

完全匹配
match_phrase

高亮显示
highlight

{
    "query":{
        "match_phrase":{
            "name":"测试3"
        }
    },
    "highlight":{
        "fields":{
            "name":{}
        }
    }
}
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9. 聚合查询

1. 分组查询
   （GET）：http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
    "aggs":{ // 聚合操作
        "price_group":{ // 分组，随意起名
            "terms":{ // 分组
                "field":"age" // 分组字段
            }
        }
    },
    "size":0 // 不显示原始数据
}
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2. 平均值
   （GET）：http://127.0.0.1:9200/shopping/_search

{
    "aggs":{ // 聚合操作
        "price_avg":{ // 平均值名字，随意起名
            "avg":{ // 平均值
                "field":"age" // 分组字段
            }
        }
    },
    "size":0 // 不显示原始数据
}

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10. 映射关系

{
    "properties":{
        "name":{
            "type":"text",
            "index":true
        },
        "sex":{
            "type":"keyword",
            "index":true
        },
        "tel":{
            "type":"keyword",
            "index":false
        }
    }
}
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三、JavaAPI

0. 导包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>es</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
            <version>7.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
            <artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
            <version>7.8.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        elasticsearch依赖2.x的log4j-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>
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1. 创建索引、查询、删除

1. 创建索引

package com.itguigu.es.test;

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.CreateIndexResponse;

import java.io.IOException;

public class ESTest_Create_index {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建客户端
        RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http")));

        // 创建索引
        CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user1");
        CreateIndexResponse createIndexResponse = esClient.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        // 相应状态
        boolean acknowledged = createIndexResponse.isAcknowledged();
        System.out.println("索引创建结果："+acknowledged);

        // 关闭客户端
        esClient.close();
    }
}

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2. 查询索引

        // 查询索引
        GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest("user");
        GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = esClient.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        
        // 相应状态
        System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getAliases());
        System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getDataStreams());
        System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getSettings());
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3. 删除索引

        //删除索引
        DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");
        AcknowledgedResponse delete = esClient.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        
        //返回状态信息
        boolean acknowledged = delete.isAcknowledged();
        System.out.println("删除状态："+acknowledged);
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4. 往索引里新增数据

        // 创建客户端
        RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http")));

        // 创建实体类
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("小明");
        user.setSex("男");
        user.setAge(22);

        // 创建index连接
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest("user1").id("123");

        // 将实体类转换为json格式字符串
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String userJSON = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        
        // 绑定到request连接中
        request.source(userJSON, XContentType.JSON);
        
        // 查询并打印结果
        IndexResponse index = esClient.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(index.getResult());
        
        // 关闭客户端
        esClient.close();
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5. 修改数据

        // 修改数据
        UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
        request.index("user1").id("123");
        request.doc(XContentType.JSON,"name","小黄");


        // 修改数据
        UpdateResponse update = esClient.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(update.getResult());
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6. 查询数据

        // 查询数据
        GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
        request.index("user1").id("123");
        GetResponse response = esClient.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        //打印结果
        System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());
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7. 删除数据

        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
        request.index("user1").id("123");
        DeleteResponse response = esClient.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        System.out.println(response.getResult());
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8. 批量添加 & 批量删除

批量添加：

// 用Bulk批量添加
        BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();

        request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user1").id("1001").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","zhangsan"));
        request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user1").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","lisi"));
        request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user1").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON,"name","wangwu"));
        BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        System.out.println(response.getIngestTookInMillis());
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批量删除：

        BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();

        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user1").id("1001"));
        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user1").id("1002"));
        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user1").id("1003"));
        BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        System.out.println(response.getIngestTook());
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9. 批量查询所有数据：

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建客户端
        RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http")));

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();

        request.indices("user1");
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()));
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        
        // 关闭客户端
        esClient.close();
    }
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10. 批量查询特定条件数据

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();

        request.indices("user1");
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.termQuery("name","zhangsan1")));
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
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11. 分页查询

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();

        request.indices("user1");
        SearchSourceBuilder query = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        query.from(0);
        query.size(2);
        request.source(query);
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
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12. 对结果排序

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();

        request.indices("user1");
        SearchSourceBuilder query = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        query.sort("age", SortOrder.DESC);
        request.source(query);
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
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13. 过滤字段

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();

        request.indices("user1");
        SearchSourceBuilder query = new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());

        String[] includes = {"name"};
        String[] excludes = {};

        query.fetchSource(includes,excludes);
        request.source(query);
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
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14. 范围查询

        //创建请求
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user1");
        
        //搜索源
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        //范围查询类
        RangeQueryBuilder rangeQueryBuilder = new RangeQueryBuilder("age");
        rangeQueryBuilder.gte(24);
        rangeQueryBuilder.lte(50);
        
        sourceBuilder.query(rangeQueryBuilder);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        //返回结果
        SearchResponse search = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        for (SearchHit hit : search.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
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15. 模糊查询

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建客户端
        RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http")));

        // 创建请求
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("user1");
        //搜索类型源构建者
        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        //添加模糊fuzzyQuery选项
        searchSourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("name","zhan").fuzziness(Fuzziness.ONE));
        request.source(searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse search = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);

        for (SearchHit hit : search.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }

        // 关闭客户端
        esClient.close();
    }
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16. 高亮查询

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 创建客户端
        RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
                RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost",9200,"http")));

        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("user1");

        SearchSourceBuilder searchSourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        TermQueryBuilder termQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.termQuery("name", "zhangsan1");

        //设置高亮
        HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
        highlightBuilder.preTags("<font style='color:red'>");
        highlightBuilder.postTags("</font>");
        searchSourceBuilder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);

        searchSourceBuilder.query(termQueryBuilder);
        request.source(searchSourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse search = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        for (SearchHit hit : search.getHits()) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }
        
        // 关闭客户端
        esClient.close();
    }
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四、Elasticsearch 环境

1. 集群环境部署

windows下：将es客户复制三份，配置文件写
第一个客户端：

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: my-application
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1001
node.master: true
node.data: true
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: localhost
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 1001
transport.tcp.port: 9301
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Bootstrap the cluster using an initial set of master-eligible nodes:
#
#cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2"]
#
# For more information, consult the discovery and cluster formation module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
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第二个客户端配置文件：

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: my-application
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1002
node.master: true
node.data: true
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: localhost
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 1002
transport.tcp.port: 9302
discovery.seed_hosts: ["localhost:9301"]
discovery.zen.fd.ping_timeout: 1m
discovery.zen.fd.ping_retries: 5
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Bootstrap the cluster using an initial set of master-eligible nodes:
#
#cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2"]
#
# For more information, consult the discovery and cluster formation module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
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第三个客户端配置文件：

# ======================== Elasticsearch Configuration =========================
#
# NOTE: Elasticsearch comes with reasonable defaults for most settings.
#       Before you set out to tweak and tune the configuration, make sure you
#       understand what are you trying to accomplish and the consequences.
#
# The primary way of configuring a node is via this file. This template lists
# the most important settings you may want to configure for a production cluster.
#
# Please consult the documentation for further information on configuration options:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/index.html
#
# ---------------------------------- Cluster -----------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for your cluster:
#
cluster.name: my-application
#
# ------------------------------------ Node ------------------------------------
#
# Use a descriptive name for the node:
#
node.name: node-1003
node.master: true
node.data: true
#
# Add custom attributes to the node:
#
#node.attr.rack: r1
#
# ----------------------------------- Paths ------------------------------------
#
# Path to directory where to store the data (separate multiple locations by comma):
#
#path.data: /path/to/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
#path.logs: /path/to/logs
#
# ----------------------------------- Memory -----------------------------------
#
# Lock the memory on startup:
#
#bootstrap.memory_lock: true
#
# Make sure that the heap size is set to about half the memory available
# on the system and that the owner of the process is allowed to use this
# limit.
#
# Elasticsearch performs poorly when the system is swapping the memory.
#
# ---------------------------------- Network -----------------------------------
#
# Set the bind address to a specific IP (IPv4 or IPv6):
#
network.host: localhost
#
# Set a custom port for HTTP:
#
http.port: 1003
transport.tcp.port: 9303
discovery.seed_hosts: ["localhost:9301","localhost:9302"]
discovery.zen.fd.ping_timeout: 1m
discovery.zen.fd.ping_retries: 5
#
# For more information, consult the network module documentation.
#
# --------------------------------- Discovery ----------------------------------
#
# Pass an initial list of hosts to perform discovery when this node is started:
# The default list of hosts is ["127.0.0.1", "[::1]"]
#
#discovery.seed_hosts: ["host1", "host2"]
#
# Bootstrap the cluster using an initial set of master-eligible nodes:
#
#cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2"]
#
# For more information, consult the discovery and cluster formation module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Gateway -----------------------------------
#
# Block initial recovery after a full cluster restart until N nodes are started:
#
#gateway.recover_after_nodes: 3
#
# For more information, consult the gateway module documentation.
#
# ---------------------------------- Various -----------------------------------
#
# Require explicit names when deleting indices:
#
#action.destructive_requires_name: true
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"
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