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模型参考上一章内容:
Django QuerySet对象,filter()方法-CSDN博客
exclude()方法,用于排除符合条件的数据。
Test/app11/views.py
- from django.shortcuts import render
- from .models import Post
-
- def index(request):
- posts = Post.objects.all()
- return render(request, '11/index.html', {'posts': posts})
-
-
-
- # apps/books/views.py
-
- from django.shortcuts import render
- from .models import Book
-
- def book_list_view(request):
- # 使用filter()方法获取所有价格在10到20之间的书籍
- # books = Book.objects.filter(price__gte=10, price__lte=20) # __gte是“greater than or equal to”(大于等于)的缩写,__lte是“less than or equal to”(小于等于)的缩写。
- # books = Book.objects.filter(price__gt=10) # 在Django的ORM(对象关系映射)查询中,__gt是过滤条件的一个特殊语法,用于表示“大于”(greater than)。
- books = Book.objects.filter(price__lt=29.99) # __lt 是“less than”(小于)的缩写。
- return render(request, '11/book_list.html', {'books': books})
-
- def get_book_view(request):
- try:
- # 使用get()方法获取标题为"Python Cookbook"的书籍
- book = Book.objects.get(id=19)
- # 现在book变量包含了匹配的书籍对象
- print(book)
- return render(request, '11/book_detail.html', {'book': book})
- except Book.DoesNotExist:
- # 如果没有找到匹配的书籍,返回错误信息
- return HttpResponse("Book not found.")
- except Book.MultipleObjectsReturned:
- # 如果找到多个匹配的书籍,返回错误信息
- return HttpResponse("Multiple books found with the same title.")
-
-
-
- def book_list_view_exclude(request):
- # 使用exclude()方法获取所有价格不等于10且标题不包含"Python"的书籍
- books = Book.objects.exclude(price=9.99).exclude(title__icontains="Python")
- return render(request, '11/book_list_exclude.html', {'books': books})
Test/templates/11/book_list_exclude.html
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="zh">
- <head>
- <meta charset="UTF-8">
- <title>书籍列表</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <h1>书籍列表</h1>
- {% if books %}
- <ul>
- {% for book in books %}
- <li>
- <h2>{{ book.title }}</h2>
- <p>作者: {{ book.author }}</p>
- <p>价格: {{ book.price }}</p>
- </li>
- {% endfor %}
- </ul>
- {% else %}
- <p>没有找到书籍。</p>
- {% endif %}
- </body>
- </html>
Test/app11/urls.py
- from django.urls import path
- from . import views
-
- urlpatterns = [
- path('index/', views.index, name='index'),
- path('book_list_view/', views.book_list_view, name='book_list_view'),
- path('get_book_view/', views.get_book_view, name='get_book_view'),
- path('book_list_view_exclude/', views.book_list_view_exclude, name='book_list_view_exclude'),
- ]
http://127.0.0.1:8000/app11/book_list_view_exclude/
可以看到所有价格不等于10且标题不包含"Python"的书籍数据被过滤了,没有在页面展示出来
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