Django [实战] 通过表单上传文件

作者：天景科技苑 | 2024-07-26 15:41:56

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在Django中上传文件通常涉及到以下几个步骤：

设置你的模型以包含一个FileField或ImageField（如果上传的是图片）。
创建一个表单，该表单包含一个Form或ModelForm，其中包含一个FileField。
在你的视图中处理上传的文件。
在你的模板中创建一个HTML表单，该表单包含一个文件输入字段。

1，创建应用

Test/app14

python manage.py startapp app14

2，注册应用

Test/Test/settings.py

3，添加应用路由

Test/Test/urls.py


from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
 
urlpatterns = [
 
    path('app14/', include('app14.urls')),
]

4，添加模型

在模型中添加一个FileField

Test/app14/models.py


from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
class Document(models.Model):
    document = models.FileField(upload_to='documents/')

5，添加表单

创建一个表单，用于上传文件

Test/app14/forms.py


from django import forms
class DocumentForm(forms.Form):
    document = forms.FileField()

6，添加视图函数

Test/app14/views.py


# 文件上传
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import DocumentForm
from .models import Document
 
def upload_document(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = DocumentForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            document = Document(document=request.FILES['document'])
            document.save()
            return redirect('success_url')  # 重定向到成功页面
    else:
        form = DocumentForm()
    return render(request, '14/upload.html', {'form': form})
 
 
def success_view(request):
    # This view can display a success message or redirect elsewhere
    return render(request, '14/success.html')

7，执行迁移


python manage.py makemigrations app14
 
python manage.py migrate app14

8，添加HTML代码

注意，文件上传的表单需要设置enctype="multipart/form-data"属性

Test/templates/14/Upload.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
 
 
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Upload</button>
</form>
 
 
</body>
</html>

上传文件成功后，重定向至一个提示文件上传成功的页面

Test/templates/14/success.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Success</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>File Uploaded Successfully!</h1>
</body>
</html>

9，`settings`设置`MEDIA_ROOT`和`MEDIA_URL`

Test/Test/settings.py


# settings.py
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

10，添加路由地址

Test/app14/urls.py


from django.urls import path
from . import views
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
 
urlpatterns = [
 
    path('my_form_view/', views.my_form_view, name='my_form_view'),
    path('upload_document/', views.upload_document, name='upload_document'),
    path('success/', views.success_view, name='success_url'),
 
] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)