赞
踩
当然可以!下面是一份关于 Lua 高阶话题的学习笔记。这份笔记将涵盖 Lua 的一些高级特性,包括面向对象编程、模块与包管理、异步编程、性能优化等。
使用表和元表模拟类:
local Person = {}
function Person:new(name, age)
local person = setmetatable({}, self)
person.name = name
person.age = age
return person
end
function Person:sayHello()
print("Hello, my name is " .. self.name)
end
local alice = Person:new("Alice", 25)
alice:sayHello()
继承:
local Animal = {} function Animal:new(name) local animal = setmetatable({}, self) animal.name = name return animal end function Animal:speak() print("Some sound") end local Dog = {} setmetatable(Dog, Animal) function Dog:new(name) local dog = Animal:new(name) setmetatable(dog, self) return dog end function Dog:speak() print("Woof woof!") end local myDog = Dog:new("Buddy") myDog:speak()
多重继承:
local Movable = {} function Movable:moved() print("Moving") end local Animal = {} setmetatable(Animal, Movable) function Animal:new(name) local animal = setmetatable({}, self) animal.name = name return animal end function Animal:speak() print("Some sound") end local Bird = {} setmetatable(Bird, Animal) function Bird:new(name) local bird = Animal:new(name) setmetatable(bird, self) return bird end function Bird:fly() print("Flying") end local myBird = Bird:new("Polly") myBird:fly() myBird:speak() myBird:moved()
使用类库:Lua 社区有一些库可以帮助更容易地实现面向对象编程,例如 moonlight 和 luaclasses。
创建模块:
-- mathlib.lua
local mathlib = {}
function mathlib.add(a, b)
return a + b
end
function mathlib.sub(a, b)
return a - b
end
return mathlib
加载模块:
local mathlib = require 'mathlib'
local result = mathlib.add(10, 5)
print(result) -- 输出 15
使用 LuaRocks:LuaRocks 是 Lua 的包管理器,用于安装和管理 Lua 模块。
luarocks install luacrypto
自定义包路径:
package.path = package.path .. ";./modules/?.lua"
使用协同程序实现异步:
local function asyncTask(callback) print("Task started.") coroutine.yield() callback("Task finished.") end local function main() local co = coroutine.create(function() asyncTask(function(result) print(result) end) end) coroutine.resume(co) print("Main function continues...") end main()
减少全局变量:尽可能减少全局变量的使用,因为它们可能会增加垃圾回收的压力。
local myVar = 10
function doSomething()
local localVar = myVar * 2
print(localVar)
end
使用弱表:在 Lua 5.2 及更高版本中,可以使用弱表来避免循环引用,从而减轻垃圾回收的压力。
local weakTable = setmetatable({}, {__mode = "v"}) -- 或 "k" 为弱键
weakTable.someValue = someObject
避免大对象:尽量避免创建大型的对象或数组,因为它们可能会导致更多的内存碎片。
local bigArray = {}
for i = 1, 1000000 do
bigArray[i] = i
end
减少函数调用:函数调用有一定的开销,特别是在循环中频繁调用时。
local function calculate(x)
return x * 2
end
for i = 1, 1000000 do
calculate(i)
end
local Game = {} function Game:new() local game = setmetatable({}, self) game.players = {} return game end function Game:addPlayer(name) local player = Player:new(name) table.insert(self.players, player) return player end local Player = {} function Player:new(name) local player = setmetatable({ name = name, score = 0 }, self) return player end function Player:getScore() return self.score end function Player:setScore(score) self.score = score end local game = Game:new() local alice = game:addPlayer("Alice") local bob = game:addPlayer("Bob") alice:setScore(100) bob:setScore(200) print(alice:getScore()) -- 输出 100 print(bob:getScore()) -- 输出 200
-- server.lua local http = require "socket.http" local http_status = require "socket.http.status" local function handleRequest(request) local method = request.method local path = request.path local headers = request.headers local body = request.body if method == "GET" and path == "/" then return http_status.OK, "Hello, World!", {["Content-Type"] = "text/plain"} else return http_status.NOT_FOUND, "Not Found", {["Content-Type"] = "text/plain"} end end local function startServer(host, port) local server = assert(socket.bind(host, port)) server:listen(100) while true do local client, addr = server:accept() print("Connection from:", addr) local request = http.request(client) local status, body, headers = handleRequest(request) http.send_headers(client, status, headers) client:send(body) client:close() end end startServer("127.0.0.1", 8080)
这些是在 Lua 中高阶话题的学习笔记。希望这些内容对你有所帮助!如果你有任何问题或需要进一步的解释,请随时提问。
Copyright © 2003-2013 www.wpsshop.cn 版权所有,并保留所有权利。