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【我的OpenGL学习进阶之旅】解决NDK使用OpenGL ES 3.0 的api报错：error: undefined reference to ‘glUnmapBuffer‘_execution failed for task ':app:externalnativebuil

作者：小丑西瓜9 | 2024-03-14 18:01:14

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execution failed for task ':app:externalnativebuilddebug'.

一、错误描述

今天在写一个OpenGL ES 3.0的demo的时候，编译报错，如下所示：

D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp
:162: error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'

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在这里插入图片描述

完整错误日志，如下所示：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:externalNativeBuildDebug'.
> Build command failed.
  Error while executing process C:\Android\sdk\cmake\3.10.2.4988404\bin\ninja.exe with arguments {-C D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\.cxx\cmake\debug\armeabi-v7a opengles-lesson-lib}
  ninja: Entering directory `D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\.cxx\cmake\debug\armeabi-v7a'
  [1/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp.o
  [2/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp.o
  [3/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp.o
  [4/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/GLUtils.cpp.o
  [5/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp.o
  [6/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp.o
  [7/8] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/Matrix.cpp.o
  [8/8] Linking CXX shared library "D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\armeabi-v7a\libopengles-lesson-lib.so"
  FAILED: D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/build/intermediates/cmake/debug/obj/armeabi-v7a/libopengles-lesson-lib.so 
  cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\Android\SDK\ndk-bundle\toolchains\llvm\prebuilt\windows-x86_64\bin\clang++.exe --target=armv7-none-linux-androideabi16 --gcc-toolchain=C:/Android/SDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64 --sysroot=C:/Android/SDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64/sysroot -fPIC -g -DANDROID -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -march=armv7-a -mthumb -Wformat -Werror=format-security  -std=c++11 -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info  -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc_real.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libatomic.a -static-libstdc++ -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--exclude-libs,libunwind.a -Wl,--no-undefined -Qunused-arguments -shared -Wl,-soname,libopengles-lesson-lib.so -o "D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\armeabi-v7a\libopengles-lesson-lib.so" CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/GLUtils.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/Matrix.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp.o  -lEGL -lGLESv2 -landroid -llog -latomic -lm && cd ."
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:125: error: undefined reference to 'glMapBufferRange'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:138: error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:150: error: undefined reference to 'glMapBufferRange'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:162: error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'
  clang++: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  


* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 11s
12 actionable tasks: 7 executed, 5 up-to-date

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在这里插入图片描述

二、排查问题

我们排查上面的错误日志，发现有一条命令是

CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp.o 
        -lEGL -lGLESv2 -landroid -llog -latomic -lm

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咋回事，怎么是-lGLESv2？

在这里插入图片描述

查看下CMakeList.txt代码，原来配置GLES版本配置成了GLESv2
在这里插入图片描述

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        opengles-lesson-lib

        EGL
        GLESv2
        android

        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})

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我们将GLESv2改成GLESv3 即可。
在这里插入图片描述

target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
        opengles-lesson-lib

        EGL
        GLESv3  # OpenGL ES 3.0版本
        android

        # Links the target library to the log library
        # included in the NDK.
        ${log-lib})

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然后重新编译一下。

三、新问题

上面将CMakeList.txt代码，原来配置的GLESv2改成GLESv3，那么error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'的问题不存在了。

但是产生了新的问题，如下所示：

D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp
:188: error: undefined reference to 'glDisableVertexAttribArray'

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在这里插入图片描述
但是我们点开代码，进入gl3.h 可以看到有这个API的。
在这里插入图片描述

完整错误日志如下所示：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:externalNativeBuildDebug'.
> Build command failed.
  Error while executing process C:\Android\sdk\cmake\3.10.2.4988404\bin\ninja.exe with arguments {-C D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\.cxx\cmake\debug\armeabi-v7a opengles-lesson-lib}
  ninja: Entering directory `D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\.cxx\cmake\debug\armeabi-v7a'
  [1/1] Linking CXX shared library "D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\armeabi-v7a\libopengles-lesson-lib.so"
  FAILED: D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/build/intermediates/cmake/debug/obj/armeabi-v7a/libopengles-lesson-lib.so 
  cmd.exe /C "cd . && C:\Android\SDK\ndk-bundle\toolchains\llvm\prebuilt\windows-x86_64\bin\clang++.exe --target=armv7-none-linux-androideabi16 --gcc-toolchain=C:/Android/SDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64 --sysroot=C:/Android/SDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64/sysroot -fPIC -g -DANDROID -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -march=armv7-a -mthumb -Wformat -Werror=format-security  -std=c++11 -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info  -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libgcc_real.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libatomic.a -static-libstdc++ -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--exclude-libs,libunwind.a -Wl,--no-undefined -Qunused-arguments -shared -Wl,-soname,libopengles-lesson-lib.so -o "D:\GitLab Source\OpenGLESDemo\app\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\armeabi-v7a\libopengles-lesson-lib.so" CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/GLUtils.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/graphics/Matrix.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp.o CMakeFiles/opengles-lesson-lib.dir/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp.o  -lEGL -lGLESv3 -landroid -llog -latomic -lm && cd ."
  C:/Android/SDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/windows-x86_64/lib/gcc/arm-linux-androideabi/4.9.x/../../../../arm-linux-androideabi/bin\ld: error: cannot find -lGLESv3
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:78: error: undefined reference to 'glCreateProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:84: error: undefined reference to 'glAttachShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:87: error: undefined reference to 'glAttachShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:90: error: undefined reference to 'glLinkProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:94: error: undefined reference to 'glGetProgramiv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:99: error: undefined reference to 'glGetProgramiv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:103: error: undefined reference to 'glGetProgramInfoLog'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:109: error: undefined reference to 'glDeleteProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:113: error: undefined reference to 'glDeleteShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:114: error: undefined reference to 'glDeleteShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:31: error: undefined reference to 'glCreateShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:37: error: undefined reference to 'glShaderSource'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:40: error: undefined reference to 'glCompileShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:43: error: undefined reference to 'glGetShaderiv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:48: error: undefined reference to 'glGetShaderiv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:53: error: undefined reference to 'glGetShaderInfoLog'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/graphics/GLUtils.cpp:59: error: undefined reference to 'glDeleteShader'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:5: error: undefined reference to 'glGetString'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:131: error: undefined reference to 'glViewport'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:147: error: undefined reference to 'glClearColor'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:148: error: undefined reference to 'glClear'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:151: error: undefined reference to 'glUseProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:154: error: undefined reference to 'glGetUniformLocation'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:155: error: undefined reference to 'glGetAttribLocation'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:156: error: undefined reference to 'glGetAttribLocation'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:10: error: undefined reference to 'glGetError'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:10: error: undefined reference to 'glGetError'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:183: error: undefined reference to 'glVertexAttribPointer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:191: error: undefined reference to 'glEnableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:193: error: undefined reference to 'glVertexAttribPointer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:201: error: undefined reference to 'glEnableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:209: error: undefined reference to 'glUniformMatrix4fv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/lesson1/Native1Lesson.cpp:211: error: undefined reference to 'glDrawArrays'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:76: error: undefined reference to 'glClearColor'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:8: error: undefined reference to 'glGetString'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:84: error: undefined reference to 'glViewport'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:93: error: undefined reference to 'glClear'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:98: error: undefined reference to 'glUseProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:122: error: undefined reference to 'glVertexAttribPointer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:126: error: undefined reference to 'glEnableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle.cpp:138: error: undefined reference to 'glDrawArrays'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:8: error: undefined reference to 'glGetString'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:86: error: undefined reference to 'glClearColor'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:94: error: undefined reference to 'glViewport'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:103: error: undefined reference to 'glClear'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:108: error: undefined reference to 'glUseProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:133: error: undefined reference to 'glVertexAttribPointer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:137: error: undefined reference to 'glEnableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:146: error: undefined reference to 'glVertexAttrib4fv'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:160: error: undefined reference to 'glDrawArrays'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle2.cpp:163: error: undefined reference to 'glDisableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:8: error: undefined reference to 'glGetString'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:88: error: undefined reference to 'glClearColor'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:96: error: undefined reference to 'glViewport'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:105: error: undefined reference to 'glClear'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:110: error: undefined reference to 'glUseProgram'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:115: error: undefined reference to 'glGenBuffers'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:117: error: undefined reference to 'glBindBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:118: error: undefined reference to 'glBufferData'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:120: error: undefined reference to 'glBindBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:121: error: undefined reference to 'glBufferData'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:123: error: undefined reference to 'glBindBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:124: error: undefined reference to 'glBufferData'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:127: error: undefined reference to 'glBindBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:137: error: undefined reference to 'glDrawElements'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:139: error: undefined reference to 'glDisableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangle3.cpp:140: error: undefined reference to 'glDisableVertexAttribArray'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:120: error: undefined reference to 'glGenBuffers'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:123: error: undefined reference to 'glBufferData'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:125: error: undefined reference to 'glMapBufferRange'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:138: error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:150: error: undefined reference to 'glMapBufferRange'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:162: error: undefined reference to 'glUnmapBuffer'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:186: error: undefined reference to 'glDrawElements'
  D:/GitLab Source/OpenGLESDemo/app/src/main/cpp/triangle/NativeTriangleMapBuffers.cpp:188: error: undefined reference to 'glDisableVertexAttribArray'
  clang++: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
  ninja: build stopped: subcommand failed.
  


* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 7s
15 actionable tasks: 3 executed, 12 up-to-date


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四、分析新问题

查看上面的完整错误日志，使用的是GLESv3版本，但是感觉gl3.h里面的API都找不到。
在这里插入图片描述

4.1 分析AndroidManifest.xml中声明了OpenGL ES版本

AndroidManifest.xml中声明了OpenGL ES版本，如下所示，应该是没问题的

在这里插入图片描述

 <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00030002"
        android:required="true" />

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4.2 查看CMakeList.txt中的OpenGL ES的库

前面的那个问题，我们修复了OpenGL ES的库版本为GLESv3，并且错误日志也显示使用了这个版本，所以应该也不是这里的问题
在这里插入图片描述

4.3 查看 build.gradle 里面的 minSdkVersion

查看官网 https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/graphics/opengl，有如下所示的介绍：

在这里插入图片描述

Android 可通过开放图形库 (OpenGL®)（特别是 OpenGL ES API）来支持高性能 2D 和 3D 图形。OpenGL 是一种跨平台的图形 API，用于为 3D 图形处理硬件指定标准的软件接口。OpenGL ES 是 OpenGL 规范的一种形式，适用于嵌入式设备。Android 支持多版 OpenGL ES API：

  • OpenGL ES 1.0 和 1.1 - 此 API 规范受 Android 1.0 及更高版本的支持。
  • OpenGL ES 2.0 - 此 API 规范受 Android 2.2（API 级别 8）及更高版本的支持。
  • OpenGL ES 3.0 - 此 API 规范受 Android 4.3（API 级别 18）及更高版本的支持。
  • OpenGL ES 3.1 - 此 API 规范受 Android 5.0（API 级别 21）及更高版本的支持。

注意：要使设备支持 OpenGL ES 3.0 API，则需要使用由设备制造商提供的此图形管道的一个实现。搭载 Android 4.3 或更低版本的设备可能不支持 OpenGL ES 3.0 API。如需了解如何检查运行时支持的 OpenGL ES 版本，请参阅检查 OpenGL ES 版本。

查看项目的build.gradle文件，发现minSdkVersion 被设置为 16，不支持OpenGL ES 3.0
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我们将minSdkVersion 设置为 18，然后重新编译。
在这里插入图片描述

好吧，重新编译正常。 运行效果如下，一个彩色的三角形。
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五、总结

要是有OpenGL ES 3.0版本，得做如下几件事情。

  1. 在AndroidManifest.xml中声明 OpenGL ES 3.0版本。
  <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00030002"
        android:required="true" />

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  • 2
  1. build.gradle中minSdkVersion得声明为18以上。
  2. CMakeLists.txt里面的target_link_libraries，得添加GLESv3库，不要写成GLESv2库了。

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