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Anaconda 中的Conda核心功能就是包管理和环境管理,可以根据需要安装不同版本的python,而且能自由切换。
先着重介绍一个概念--虚拟环境(virtual environment),
它是一个虚拟化,从电脑独立开辟出来的环境。以Docker为例,在Docker世界里,虚拟环境就是借助docker来把一部分内容独立出来,我们把这部分独立出来的东西称作“容器”,在这个容器中,我们可以只安装我们需要的依赖包,各个容器之间互相隔离,互不影响。比如,我们需要用到Django,可以做一个Django的虚拟环境,里面只需要安装Django相关包就可以了,当需要Scrapy时,可以创建Scrapy的虚拟环境,里面只需要安装Scrapy相关包。
其实我个人认为虚拟环境这个概念中的“虚拟”一词并不准确,可能用子环境这个词比较贴切一些,虽然说是虚拟环境,但是需要安装的包还是要真实的安装,就像一个Centos虚拟机本质上还是一个Centos系统,只是借助于VirtualBox容器来运行一样,Anaconda中的每个定义的虚拟环境都有一个确定的磁盘位置,在这里就体现为一个具体的目录,比如我的虚拟环境都在/usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs目录下,环境的名字就是目录的名字,各个虚拟环境里需要的相关包也是在各自的目录下。
另外在实际工作中,不同的项目可能使用相同的组件但是版本不同,比如airflow1.x和airflow2.x,或者是某些项目需要运行在python2.7,另一些项目需要3.6,等等诸如此类和版本有关的事务,可以解决anaconda的环境管理都可以一一解决掉。
下面就创建一个名为python36的新环境,并且指定python版本是3.6 不用管是3.6.x,conda会为我们自动寻找3.6.x中的最新版本。
conda create --name python36 python=3.6
下面是详细的安装过程 :
- Solving environment: done
-
-
- ==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
- current version: 4.5.4
- latest version: 4.10.3
-
- Please update conda by running
-
- $ conda update -n base conda
-
-
-
-
-
- ## Package Plan ##
-
- environment location: /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
-
- added / updated specs:
- - python=3.6
-
-
- The following packages will be downloaded:
-
- package | build
- ---------------------------|-----------------
- _libgcc_mutex-0.1 | main 3 KB
- wheel-0.37.0 | pyhd3eb1b0_1 31 KB
- libgcc-ng-9.1.0 | hdf63c60_0 8.1 MB
- libstdcxx-ng-9.1.0 | hdf63c60_0 4.0 MB
- xz-5.2.5 | h7b6447c_0 438 KB
- zlib-1.2.11 | h7b6447c_3 120 KB
- python-3.6.13 | h12debd9_1 32.5 MB
- readline-8.1 | h27cfd23_0 464 KB
- openssl-1.1.1l | h7f8727e_0 3.8 MB
- certifi-2021.5.30 | py36h06a4308_0 141 KB
- setuptools-58.0.4 | py36h06a4308_0 979 KB
- pip-21.2.2 | py36h06a4308_0 2.1 MB
- ld_impl_linux-64-2.35.1 | h7274673_9 637 KB
- ncurses-6.2 | he6710b0_1 1.1 MB
- sqlite-3.36.0 | hc218d9a_0 1.4 MB
- ca-certificates-2021.9.30 | h06a4308_1 123 KB
- libffi-3.3 | he6710b0_2 54 KB
- tk-8.6.11 | h1ccaba5_0 3.2 MB
- ------------------------------------------------------------
- Total: 59.2 MB
-
- The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:
-
- _libgcc_mutex: 0.1-main
- ca-certificates: 2021.9.30-h06a4308_1
- certifi: 2021.5.30-py36h06a4308_0
- ld_impl_linux-64: 2.35.1-h7274673_9
- libffi: 3.3-he6710b0_2
- libgcc-ng: 9.1.0-hdf63c60_0
- libstdcxx-ng: 9.1.0-hdf63c60_0
- ncurses: 6.2-he6710b0_1
- openssl: 1.1.1l-h7f8727e_0
- pip: 21.2.2-py36h06a4308_0
- python: 3.6.13-h12debd9_1
- readline: 8.1-h27cfd23_0
- setuptools: 58.0.4-py36h06a4308_0
- sqlite: 3.36.0-hc218d9a_0
- tk: 8.6.11-h1ccaba5_0
- wheel: 0.37.0-pyhd3eb1b0_1
- xz: 5.2.5-h7b6447c_0
- zlib: 1.2.11-h7b6447c_3
-
- Proceed ([y]/n)?
-
- Downloading and Extracting Packages
- _libgcc_mutex-0.1 | 3 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- wheel-0.37.0 | 31 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- libgcc-ng-9.1.0 | 8.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- libstdcxx-ng-9.1.0 | 4.0 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- xz-5.2.5 | 438 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- zlib-1.2.11 | 120 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- python-3.6.13 | 32.5 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- readline-8.1 | 464 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- openssl-1.1.1l | 3.8 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- certifi-2021.5.30 | 141 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- setuptools-58.0.4 | 979 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- pip-21.2.2 | 2.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- ld_impl_linux-64-2.3 | 637 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- ncurses-6.2 | 1.1 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- sqlite-3.36.0 | 1.4 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- ca-certificates-2021 | 123 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- libffi-3.3 | 54 KB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- tk-8.6.11 | 3.2 MB | ############################################################################## | 100%
- Preparing transaction: done
- Verifying transaction: done
- Executing transaction: done
- #
- # To activate this environment, use:
- # > source activate python36
- #
- # To deactivate an active environment, use:
- # > source deactivate
- #
-
- [root@localhost backup]#
- [root@localhost backup]#

这个名为python36的新环境位置是/usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
并且列出将要下载的相关包的名称和大小,这里active environment显示为Node,表示目前还没有及活动的环境,如果激活了某个环境然后执行conda info 这里会显示出环境的名称。
这里安装的速度比较快是因为之前安装Anaconda时设置了Anaconda仓库的镜像,因为Anaconda.org的服务器在国外,所以需要安装packages时,会发现conda下载的速度经常很慢,幸亏清华TUNA镜像源有Anaconda仓库的镜像,需要将其加入conda的配置即可。
- # 添加Anaconda的TUNA镜像
- conda config --add channels https : //mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
- # 设置搜索时显示通道地址
- conda config --set show_channel_urls yes
conda info
下面是没有进入python36这个小环境之前看到的信息
- [root@localhost backup]# conda info
- active environment : None
- user config file : /root/.condarc
- populated config files : /root/.condarc
- conda version : 4.5.4
- conda-build version : 3.10.5
- python version : 3.6.5.final.0
- base environment : /usr/lib64/anaconda3 (writable)
- channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
- package cache : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/pkgs
- /root/.conda/pkgs
- envs directories : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs
- /root/.conda/envs
- platform : linux-64
- user-agent : conda/4.5.4 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.5 Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 centos/7 glibc/2.17
- UID:GID : 0:0
- netrc file : None
- offline mode : False
-
- [root@localhost backup]#

这个命令会详细列出conda的所有环境信息,可以看到创建的新环境处于/usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/,其实用ls 也能查看到这个目录
- [root@localhost backup]# ls /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/
- python36
如果只是用来查看新建的环境,可以使用conda info --even 或者conda -e
- [root@localhost backup]# conda info --envs
- # conda environments:
- #
- base * /usr/lib64/anaconda3
- python36 /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
-
- [root@localhost backup]# conda info -e
- # conda environments:
- #
- base * /usr/lib64/anaconda3
- python36 /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
-
- [root@localhost backup]#
base表示conda基础的默认环境,python36是刚才新建的环境。
在linux下,激活环境使用source active xxxxxx,如果是在windows则使用active xxxxxx,
- [root@localhost backup]# source activate python36
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]# ll
- total 636472
- -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 651745206 Oct 13 04:44 Anaconda3-5.2.0-Linux-x86_64.sh
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]#
上面已经激活了python36这个环境,(python36)显示了当前的环境名称,我们验证一下这个环境的情况:
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]# python
- Python 3.6.13 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jun 4 2021, 14:25:59)
- [GCC 7.5.0] on linux
- Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
- >>>
可以看到这个环境中的python的版本是3.6.13,第1部分创建环境时,下载了新的python,版本就是python-3.6.13。
在看看pip的版本情况:
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]# pip --version
- pip 21.2.2 from /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]#
这里的版本是pip 21.2.2,也是新环境中的版本,如果安装了新的包那么就会处于python36这个先环境下面。
此时再查看环境
- (python36) [root@localhost envs]# conda info
-
- active environment : python36
- active env location : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36
- shell level : 1
- user config file : /root/.condarc
- populated config files : /root/.condarc
- conda version : 4.5.4
- conda-build version : 3.10.5
- python version : 3.6.5.final.0
- base environment : /usr/lib64/anaconda3 (writable)
- channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/free/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/linux-64
- https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/pro/noarch
- package cache : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/pkgs
- /root/.conda/pkgs
- envs directories : /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs
- /root/.conda/envs
- platform : linux-64
- user-agent : conda/4.5.4 requests/2.18.4 CPython/3.6.5 Linux/3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 centos/7 glibc/2.17
- UID:GID : 0:0
- netrc file : None
- offline mode : False
-
- (python36) [root@localhost envs]#

可以看到 active environment : python36,表示当前激活的环境是python36
conda deactivate
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]# conda deactivate
- [root@localhost backup]# pip --version
- pip 10.0.1 from /usr/lib64/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
- [root@localhost backup]#
退出python36环境之后查看外面的pip版本,可以看到版本是10.0.1,说明外面环境下的pip版本确实比新环境python36下的版本低好多,由此可以看出环境管理的的意义非凡。
命令:conda list
这个命令本身就是列出conda中安装的包,只是在指定的小环境中可以列出当前环境下安装的包。
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]# conda list
- # packages in environment at /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36:
- #
- # Name Version Build Channel
- _libgcc_mutex 0.1 main defaults
- ca-certificates 2021.9.30 h06a4308_1 defaults
- certifi 2021.5.30 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- ld_impl_linux-64 2.35.1 h7274673_9 defaults
- libffi 3.3 he6710b0_2 defaults
- libgcc-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults
- libstdcxx-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults
- ncurses 6.2 he6710b0_1 defaults
- openssl 1.1.1l h7f8727e_0 defaults
- pip 21.2.2 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- python 3.6.13 h12debd9_1 defaults
- readline 8.1 h27cfd23_0 defaults
- setuptools 58.0.4 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- sqlite 3.36.0 hc218d9a_0 defaults
- tk 8.6.11 h1ccaba5_0 defaults
- wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 defaults
- xz 5.2.5 h7b6447c_0 defaults
- zlib 1.2.11 h7b6447c_3 defaults
- (python36) [root@localhost backup]#

退出python36环境,看看外面环境中conda里面的包
- [root@localhost backup]# conda list
- # packages in environment at /usr/lib64/anaconda3:
- #
- # Name Version Build Channel
- _ipyw_jlab_nb_ext_conf 0.1.0 py36he11e457_0 defaults
- alabaster 0.7.10 py36h306e16b_0 defaults
- anaconda 5.2.0 py36_3 defaults
- anaconda-client 1.6.14 py36_0 defaults
- anaconda-navigator 1.8.7 py36_0 defaults
- anaconda-project 0.8.2 py36h44fb852_0 defaults
- asn1crypto 0.24.0 py36_0 defaults
- astroid 1.6.3 py36_0 defaults
- astropy 3.0.2 py36h3010b51_1 defaults
- attrs 18.1.0 py36_0 defaults
- babel 2.5.3 py36_0 defaults
- backcall 0.1.0 py36_0 defaults
- backports 1.0 py36hfa02d7e_1 defaults
- backports.shutil_get_terminal_size 1.0.0 py36hfea85ff_2 defaults
- beautifulsoup4 4.6.0 py36h49b8c8c_1 defaults
- bitarray 0.8.1 py36h14c3975_1 defaults
- bkcharts 0.2 py36h735825a_0 defaults
- blas 1.0 mkl defaults
- blaze 0.11.3 py36h4e06776_0 defaults
- bleach 2.1.3 py36_0 defaults
- blosc 1.14.3 hdbcaa40_0 defaults
- bokeh 0.12.16 py36_0 defaults
- boto 2.48.0 py36h6e4cd66_1 defaults
- bottleneck 1.2.1 py36haac1ea0_0 defaults
- bzip2 1.0.6 h14c3975_5 defaults
- ca-certificates 2018.03.07 0 defaults
- cairo 1.14.12 h7636065_2 defaults
- certifi 2018.4.16 py36_0 defaults
- cffi 1.11.5 py36h9745a5d_0 defaults
- chardet 3.0.4 py36h0f667ec_1 defaults
- click 6.7 py36h5253387_0 defaults
- cloudpickle 0.5.3 py36_0 defaults
- clyent 1.2.2 py36h7e57e65_1 defaults
- colorama 0.3.9 py36h489cec4_0 defaults
- conda 4.5.4 py36_0 defaults
- conda-build 3.10.5 py36_0 defaults
- conda-env 2.6.0 h36134e3_1 defaults
- conda-verify 2.0.0 py36h98955d8_0 defaults
- contextlib2 0.5.5 py36h6c84a62_0 defaults
- cryptography 2.2.2 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- curl 7.60.0 h84994c4_0 defaults
- cycler 0.10.0 py36h93f1223_0 defaults
- cython 0.28.2 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- cytoolz 0.9.0.1 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- dask 0.17.5 py36_0 defaults
- dask-core 0.17.5 py36_0 defaults
- datashape 0.5.4 py36h3ad6b5c_0 defaults
- dbus 1.13.2 h714fa37_1 defaults
- decorator 4.3.0 py36_0 defaults
- distributed 1.21.8 py36_0 defaults
- docutils 0.14 py36hb0f60f5_0 defaults
- entrypoints 0.2.3 py36h1aec115_2 defaults
- et_xmlfile 1.0.1 py36hd6bccc3_0 defaults
- expat 2.2.5 he0dffb1_0 defaults
- fastcache 1.0.2 py36h14c3975_2 defaults
- filelock 3.0.4 py36_0 defaults
- flask 1.0.2 py36_1 defaults
- flask-cors 3.0.4 py36_0 defaults
- fontconfig 2.12.6 h49f89f6_0 defaults
- freetype 2.8 hab7d2ae_1 defaults
- get_terminal_size 1.0.0 haa9412d_0 defaults
- gevent 1.3.0 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- glib 2.56.1 h000015b_0 defaults
- glob2 0.6 py36he249c77_0 defaults
- gmp 6.1.2 h6c8ec71_1 defaults
- gmpy2 2.0.8 py36hc8893dd_2 defaults
- graphite2 1.3.11 h16798f4_2 defaults
- greenlet 0.4.13 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- gst-plugins-base 1.14.0 hbbd80ab_1 defaults
- gstreamer 1.14.0 hb453b48_1 defaults
- h5py 2.7.1 py36ha1f6525_2 defaults
- harfbuzz 1.7.6 h5f0a787_1 defaults
- hdf5 1.10.2 hba1933b_1 defaults
- heapdict 1.0.0 py36_2 defaults
- html5lib 1.0.1 py36h2f9c1c0_0 defaults
- icu 58.2 h9c2bf20_1 defaults
- idna 2.6 py36h82fb2a8_1 defaults
- imageio 2.3.0 py36_0 defaults
- imagesize 1.0.0 py36_0 defaults
- intel-openmp 2018.0.0 8 defaults
- ipykernel 4.8.2 py36_0 defaults
- ipython 6.4.0 py36_0 defaults
- ipython_genutils 0.2.0 py36hb52b0d5_0 defaults
- ipywidgets 7.2.1 py36_0 defaults
- isort 4.3.4 py36_0 defaults
- itsdangerous 0.24 py36h93cc618_1 defaults
- jbig 2.1 hdba287a_0 defaults
- jdcal 1.4 py36_0 defaults
- jedi 0.12.0 py36_1 defaults
- jinja2 2.10 py36ha16c418_0 defaults
- jpeg 9b h024ee3a_2 defaults
- jsonschema 2.6.0 py36h006f8b5_0 defaults
- jupyter 1.0.0 py36_4 defaults
- jupyter_client 5.2.3 py36_0 defaults
- jupyter_console 5.2.0 py36he59e554_1 defaults
- jupyter_core 4.4.0 py36h7c827e3_0 defaults
- jupyterlab 0.32.1 py36_0 defaults
- jupyterlab_launcher 0.10.5 py36_0 defaults
- kiwisolver 1.0.1 py36h764f252_0 defaults
- lazy-object-proxy 1.3.1 py36h10fcdad_0 defaults
- libcurl 7.60.0 h1ad7b7a_0 defaults
- libedit 3.1.20170329 h6b74fdf_2 defaults
- libffi 3.2.1 hd88cf55_4 defaults
- libgcc-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults
- libgfortran-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults
- libpng 1.6.34 hb9fc6fc_0 defaults
- libsodium 1.0.16 h1bed415_0 defaults
- libssh2 1.8.0 h9cfc8f7_4 defaults
- libstdcxx-ng 7.2.0 hdf63c60_3 defaults
- libtiff 4.0.9 he85c1e1_1 defaults
- libtool 2.4.6 h544aabb_3 defaults
- libxcb 1.13 h1bed415_1 defaults
- libxml2 2.9.8 h26e45fe_1 defaults
- libxslt 1.1.32 h1312cb7_0 defaults
- llvmlite 0.23.1 py36hdbcaa40_0 defaults
- locket 0.2.0 py36h787c0ad_1 defaults
- lxml 4.2.1 py36h23eabaa_0 defaults
- lzo 2.10 h49e0be7_2 defaults
- markupsafe 1.0 py36hd9260cd_1 defaults
- matplotlib 2.2.2 py36h0e671d2_1 defaults
- mccabe 0.6.1 py36h5ad9710_1 defaults
- mistune 0.8.3 py36h14c3975_1 defaults
- mkl 2018.0.2 1 defaults
- mkl-service 1.1.2 py36h17a0993_4 defaults
- mkl_fft 1.0.1 py36h3010b51_0 defaults
- mkl_random 1.0.1 py36h629b387_0 defaults
- more-itertools 4.1.0 py36_0 defaults
- mpc 1.0.3 hec55b23_5 defaults
- mpfr 3.1.5 h11a74b3_2 defaults
- mpmath 1.0.0 py36hfeacd6b_2 defaults
- msgpack-python 0.5.6 py36h6bb024c_0 defaults
- multipledispatch 0.5.0 py36_0 defaults
- navigator-updater 0.2.1 py36_0 defaults
- nbconvert 5.3.1 py36hb41ffb7_0 defaults
- nbformat 4.4.0 py36h31c9010_0 defaults
- ncurses 6.1 hf484d3e_0 defaults
- networkx 2.1 py36_0 defaults
- nltk 3.3.0 py36_0 defaults
- nose 1.3.7 py36hcdf7029_2 defaults
- notebook 5.5.0 py36_0 defaults
- numba 0.38.0 py36h637b7d7_0 defaults
- numexpr 2.6.5 py36h7bf3b9c_0 defaults
- numpy 1.14.3 py36hcd700cb_1 defaults
- numpy-base 1.14.3 py36h9be14a7_1 defaults
- numpydoc 0.8.0 py36_0 defaults
- odo 0.5.1 py36h90ed295_0 defaults
- olefile 0.45.1 py36_0 defaults
- openpyxl 2.5.3 py36_0 defaults
- openssl 1.0.2o h20670df_0 defaults
- packaging 17.1 py36_0 defaults
- pandas 0.23.0 py36h637b7d7_0 defaults
- pandoc 1.19.2.1 hea2e7c5_1 defaults
- pandocfilters 1.4.2 py36ha6701b7_1 defaults
- pango 1.41.0 hd475d92_0 defaults
- parso 0.2.0 py36_0 defaults
- partd 0.3.8 py36h36fd896_0 defaults
- patchelf 0.9 hf79760b_2 defaults
- path.py 11.0.1 py36_0 defaults
- pathlib2 2.3.2 py36_0 defaults
- patsy 0.5.0 py36_0 defaults
- pcre 8.42 h439df22_0 defaults
- pep8 1.7.1 py36_0 defaults
- pexpect 4.5.0 py36_0 defaults
- pickleshare 0.7.4 py36h63277f8_0 defaults
- pillow 5.1.0 py36h3deb7b8_0 defaults
- pip 10.0.1 py36_0 defaults
- pixman 0.34.0 hceecf20_3 defaults
- pkginfo 1.4.2 py36_1 defaults
- pluggy 0.6.0 py36hb689045_0 defaults
- ply 3.11 py36_0 defaults
- prompt_toolkit 1.0.15 py36h17d85b1_0 defaults
- psutil 5.4.5 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- ptyprocess 0.5.2 py36h69acd42_0 defaults
- py 1.5.3 py36_0 defaults
- pycodestyle 2.4.0 py36_0 defaults
- pycosat 0.6.3 py36h0a5515d_0 defaults
- pycparser 2.18 py36hf9f622e_1 defaults
- pycrypto 2.6.1 py36h14c3975_8 defaults
- pycurl 7.43.0.1 py36hb7f436b_0 defaults
- pyflakes 1.6.0 py36h7bd6a15_0 defaults
- pygments 2.2.0 py36h0d3125c_0 defaults
- pylint 1.8.4 py36_0 defaults
- pyodbc 4.0.23 py36hf484d3e_0 defaults
- pyopenssl 18.0.0 py36_0 defaults
- pyparsing 2.2.0 py36hee85983_1 defaults
- pyqt 5.9.2 py36h751905a_0 defaults
- pysocks 1.6.8 py36_0 defaults
- pytables 3.4.3 py36h02b9ad4_2 defaults
- pytest 3.5.1 py36_0 defaults
- pytest-arraydiff 0.2 py36_0 defaults
- pytest-astropy 0.3.0 py36_0 defaults
- pytest-doctestplus 0.1.3 py36_0 defaults
- pytest-openfiles 0.3.0 py36_0 defaults
- pytest-remotedata 0.2.1 py36_0 defaults
- python 3.6.5 hc3d631a_2 defaults
- python-dateutil 2.7.3 py36_0 defaults
- pytz 2018.4 py36_0 defaults
- pywavelets 0.5.2 py36he602eb0_0 defaults
- pyyaml 3.12 py36hafb9ca4_1 defaults
- pyzmq 17.0.0 py36h14c3975_0 defaults
- qt 5.9.5 h7e424d6_0 defaults
- qtawesome 0.4.4 py36h609ed8c_0 defaults
- qtconsole 4.3.1 py36h8f73b5b_0 defaults
- qtpy 1.4.1 py36_0 defaults
- readline 7.0 ha6073c6_4 defaults
- requests 2.18.4 py36he2e5f8d_1 defaults
- rope 0.10.7 py36h147e2ec_0 defaults
- ruamel_yaml 0.15.35 py36h14c3975_1 defaults
- scikit-image 0.13.1 py36h14c3975_1 defaults
- scikit-learn 0.19.1 py36h7aa7ec6_0 defaults
- scipy 1.1.0 py36hfc37229_0 defaults
- seaborn 0.8.1 py36hfad7ec4_0 defaults
- send2trash 1.5.0 py36_0 defaults
- setuptools 39.1.0 py36_0 defaults
- simplegeneric 0.8.1 py36_2 defaults
- singledispatch 3.4.0.3 py36h7a266c3_0 defaults
- sip 4.19.8 py36hf484d3e_0 defaults
- six 1.11.0 py36h372c433_1 defaults
- snappy 1.1.7 hbae5bb6_3 defaults
- snowballstemmer 1.2.1 py36h6febd40_0 defaults
- sortedcollections 0.6.1 py36_0 defaults
- sortedcontainers 1.5.10 py36_0 defaults
- sphinx 1.7.4 py36_0 defaults
- sphinxcontrib 1.0 py36h6d0f590_1 defaults
- sphinxcontrib-websupport 1.0.1 py36hb5cb234_1 defaults
- spyder 3.2.8 py36_0 defaults
- sqlalchemy 1.2.7 py36h6b74fdf_0 defaults
- sqlite 3.23.1 he433501_0 defaults
- statsmodels 0.9.0 py36h3010b51_0 defaults
- sympy 1.1.1 py36hc6d1c1c_0 defaults
- tblib 1.3.2 py36h34cf8b6_0 defaults
- terminado 0.8.1 py36_1 defaults
- testpath 0.3.1 py36h8cadb63_0 defaults
- tk 8.6.7 hc745277_3 defaults
- toolz 0.9.0 py36_0 defaults
- tornado 5.0.2 py36_0 defaults
- traitlets 4.3.2 py36h674d592_0 defaults
- typing 3.6.4 py36_0 defaults
- unicodecsv 0.14.1 py36ha668878_0 defaults
- unixodbc 2.3.6 h1bed415_0 defaults
- urllib3 1.22 py36hbe7ace6_0 defaults
- wcwidth 0.1.7 py36hdf4376a_0 defaults
- webencodings 0.5.1 py36h800622e_1 defaults
- werkzeug 0.14.1 py36_0 defaults
- wheel 0.31.1 py36_0 defaults
- widgetsnbextension 3.2.1 py36_0 defaults
- wrapt 1.10.11 py36h28b7045_0 defaults
- xlrd 1.1.0 py36h1db9f0c_1 defaults
- xlsxwriter 1.0.4 py36_0 defaults
- xlwt 1.3.0 py36h7b00a1f_0 defaults
- xz 5.2.4 h14c3975_4 defaults
- yaml 0.1.7 had09818_2 defaults
- zeromq 4.2.5 h439df22_0 defaults
- zict 0.1.3 py36h3a3bf81_0 defaults
- zlib 1.2.11 ha838bed_2 defaults
- [root@localhost backup]#

可以看到比python36环境下的包多了好多。
命令:conda env remove --name myenv
执行这个命令会删除指定的环境
如果处于conda下而非某个指定的环境下,普通的conda list会列所有的包,此时如果想要查看某个指定的环境下的包,可以使用下面的命令
conda list -n xxxxx
例如要查看python36这个环境下的包
- [root@localhost ~]# conda list -n python36
- # packages in environment at /usr/lib64/anaconda3/envs/python36:
- #
- # Name Version Build Channel
- _libgcc_mutex 0.1 main defaults
- ca-certificates 2021.9.30 h06a4308_1 defaults
- certifi 2021.5.30 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- ld_impl_linux-64 2.35.1 h7274673_9 defaults
- libffi 3.3 he6710b0_2 defaults
- libgcc-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults
- libstdcxx-ng 9.1.0 hdf63c60_0 defaults
- ncurses 6.2 he6710b0_1 defaults
- openssl 1.1.1l h7f8727e_0 defaults
- pip 21.2.2 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- python 3.6.13 h12debd9_1 defaults
- readline 8.1 h27cfd23_0 defaults
- setuptools 58.0.4 py36h06a4308_0 defaults
- sqlite 3.36.0 hc218d9a_0 defaults
- tk 8.6.11 h1ccaba5_0 defaults
- wheel 0.37.0 pyhd3eb1b0_1 defaults
- xz 5.2.5 h7b6447c_0 defaults
- zlib 1.2.11 h7b6447c_3 defaults
- [root@localhost ~]#

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