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例如:测试 controller时,依赖 service,这个时候就可以假设当调用 service 某个方法时返回指定的某些值,从而来降低引用类所带来的测试复杂度增加的影响。Mockito就用于这种场景。
Mockito的使用,一般有以下几种组合:
通过Mockito指定打桩对象的返回值时,可以通过以下方式进行:
given用于对指定方法进行返回值的定制,它需要与will开头的方法一起使用,will开头的方式根据其接收参数的不同,又分成两类:一是接收直接值的,如直接指定返回结果为某个常量;二是接收Answer参数的,可以骑过Answer类的answer方法来根据传入参数定制返回结果。
我们实际针对的一般是某个类的某个方法;这个方法可能会有输入参数;考虑这种场景:如果要假设打桩的这个方法,在某个输入时返回值A;在另外一个输入时返回值为B;这种场景就可以通过Answer类来实现。
案例 根据传入的参数,返回不同的数据
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
- @SpringBootTest
- public class LearnController2Test {
-
- @Autowired
- private WebApplicationContext wac;
-
- private MockMvc mvc;
-
- private MockHttpSession session;
-
-
- /**
- * 1. 对于不需要返回的任何值的类的所有方法,可以直接使用MockBean
- * 2. @MockBean 会代理已有的bean的方法,不会执行真实 bean 的具体方法。
- */
- @MockBean
- private LearnService learnService;
-
- @Before
- public void setupMockMvc() {
- //初始化MockMvc对象
- mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
-
- //构建session
- session = new MockHttpSession();
- User user = new User("root", "root");
- //拦截器那边会判断用户是否登录,所以这里注入一个用户
- session.setAttribute("user", user);
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 获取教程测试用例
- * <p>
- * get 请求
- * <p>
- * controller 依赖 service 的方法,这里给 service 方法打桩,不执行真实的方法
- *
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- // 当调用 selectByKey 函数时,返回指定的值
- given(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).willAnswer(new Answer<Object>() {
-
- /**
- * InvocationOnMock 通过它可以获取打桩方法的实际传入参数清单
- * @param invocationOnMock
- * @return
- * @throws Throwable
- */
-
- @Override
- public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocationOnMock) throws Throwable {
- Long argumentAt = invocationOnMock.getArgumentAt(0, Long.class);
- System.out.println("调用方法的实际参数: " + argumentAt);
- if (argumentAt.equals(Long.parseLong("1001"))) {
- return learnResource;
- }
- return null;
- }
- });
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
-
-
- }
通过willReturn可以直接指定打桩的方法的返回值
案例 在任何场景下,都返回指定的数据
- /**
- * 获取教程测试用例
- * <p>
- * get 请求
- * <p>
- * controller 依赖 service 的方法,这里给 service 方法打桩,不执行真实的方法
- *
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- given(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).willReturn(learnResource);
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
-
- 异常信息:
- java.lang.AssertionError: JSON path "$.author"
- Expected :嘟嘟MD独立博客
- Actual :zhang
- <Click to see difference>
thenReturn与willReturn类似
- /**
- * 获取教程测试用例
- * <p>
- * get 请求
- * <p>
- * controller 依赖 service 的方法,这里给 service 方法打桩,不执行真实的方法
- *
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- when(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).thenReturn(learnResource);
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
thenAnswer与willAnswer也类似
- /**
- * 获取教程测试用例
- * <p>
- * get 请求
- * <p>
- * controller 依赖 service 的方法,这里给 service 方法打桩,不执行真实的方法
- *
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- when(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).thenAnswer(new Answer<Object>() {
- @Override
- public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocationOnMock) throws Throwable {
- Long argumentAt = invocationOnMock.getArgumentAt(0, Long.class);
- System.out.println("调用方法的实际参数: " + argumentAt);
- if (argumentAt.equals(Long.parseLong("1001"))) {
- return learnResource;
- } else if (argumentAt.equals(Long.parseLong("1002"))) {
- learnResource.setAuthor("keke");
- return learnResource;
- }
- return null;
- }
- });
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1002")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
-
- 异常:
- 参数为 1001 时
- java.lang.AssertionError: JSON path "$.author"
- Expected :嘟嘟MD独立博客
- Actual :zhang
- <Click to see difference>
-
- 参数为 1002 时
- java.lang.AssertionError: JSON path "$.author"
- Expected :嘟嘟MD独立博客
- Actual :keke
- <Click to see difference>
-
- // mock 对象不能是 @MockBean 生成的,@MockBean请况下不能用
- @Test
- public void testAnswer1() {
- List<String> mock = Mockito.mock(List.class);
- Mockito.doAnswer(new Answer() {
- @Override
- public Object answer(InvocationOnMock invocationOnMock) throws Throwable {
- Object[] args = invocationOnMock.getArguments();
- System.out.println(args[0]);
- Integer num = (Integer) args[0];
- if (num > 3) {
- return "大于三";
- } else {
- return "小于三";
- }
- }
- }).when(mock).get(Mockito.anyInt());
- // 当 索引为 4 时,期望 大于三
- Assert.assertThat(mock.get(4), equalTo("大于三"));
- // 当 索引为 2 时,期望 小于三
- Assert.assertThat(mock.get(4), equalTo("小于三"));
- }
-
- // mock 对象不能是 @MockBean 生成的,@MockBean请况下不能用
- @Test
- public void testAnswer1() {
- List<String> mock = Mockito.mock(List.class);
- Mockito.doReturn("大于三").when(mock).get(Mockito.anyInt());
- // 当 索引为 2 时
- Assert.assertThat(mock.get(2), equalTo("大于三"));
-
- }
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- given(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).willReturn(learnResource);
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
-
-
- // 判断 learnService.selectByKey 方法 是否调用了
- Mockito.verify(learnService).selectByKey(1001L);
-
- // 判断 learnService.selectByKey 方法,期望调用 2 次,能过 times 函数指定 selectByKey 函数期望调用几次
- // 也可以通过 Mockito.atLeast 最少几次,Mockito.atMost 是多几次 等函数判断
- Mockito.verify(learnService, Mockito.times(2)).selectByKey(1001L);
-
- }
-
- 异常:因为 learnService.selectByKey 方法,调用了1次,而期望调用两次,所以测试出错
- org.mockito.exceptions.verification.TooLittleActualInvocations:
- learnServiceImpl bean.selectByKey(1001);
- Wanted 2 times:
- -> at com.dudu.outher.LearnController7Test.qryLearn(LearnController7Test.java:86)
- But was 1 time:
- -> at com.dudu.controller.LearnController.qryLearn(LearnController.java:88)
-
given+willThrow
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- // 调用 learnService.selectByKey 方法时,抛出异常
- given(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).willThrow(new Exception("查询出错"));
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
-
-
- }
-
- 异常:
- org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException:
- Checked exception is invalid for this method!
- Invalid: java.lang.Exception: 查询出错
when+thenThrow
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("zhang");
- learnResource.setAuthor("zhang");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- when(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).thenThrow(new Exception("查询出错"));
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
-
- 异常:
- org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException:
- Checked exception is invalid for this method!
- Invalid: java.lang.Exception: 查询出错
doThrow+when
不能用于 @MockBean 场景下
- @Test
- public void testAnswer1() {
- List<String> mock = Mockito.mock(List.class);
-
- // 调用 mock.size 时,抛出期望的异常信息
- Mockito.doThrow(new Exception("查询出错")).when(mock).size();
-
- // 调用 mock 对象的方法
- mock.size();
-
- }
-
- 异常:
- org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException:
- Checked exception is invalid for this method!
- Invalid: java.lang.Exception: 查询出错
doThrow:在模拟对象中调用方法时想要抛出异常时使用.
doReturn:在执行方法时要返回返回值时使用.
doAnswer:需要对传递给方法的参数执行一些操作
doNothing:是最简单的列表,基本上它告诉Mockito在调用模拟对象中的方法时什么也不做.有时用于void返回方法或没有副作用的方法,或者与您正在进行的单元测试无关
https://blog.csdn.net/icarusliu/article/details/78860351
Mockito无法对静态方法进行Mock,如果需要Mock静态方法,需要使用到PowerMockito
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
- <artifactId>powermock-api-mockito</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.1</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.powermock</groupId>
- <artifactId>powermock-module-junit4</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.1</version>
- </dependency>
单元测试时,需要使用PowerMockRunner及PrepareForTest两个注解
- @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)
- // 对 StringUtils 静态方法进行测试
- @PrepareForTest({StringUtils.class})
- public class TestStatic {
-
- @Test
- public void testStaticMethod() {
- // 对 StringUtils 打桩
- PowerMockito.mockStatic(StringUtils.class);
- PowerMockito.when(StringUtils.isNoneBlank(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(false);
- boolean bbb = StringUtils.isNoneBlank("bbb");
- System.out.println(bbb);
- }
- }
SpringBootTest必须要使用SpringRunner才能生效;但RunWith没有办法指定多个,可以通过PowerMockRunnerDelegate来解决这个问题:
- @RunWith(PowerMockRunner.class)//使用powermock提供的代理来使用
- @PowerMockRunnerDelegate(SpringRunner.class)
- @PowerMockIgnore({"javax.management.*", "javax.net.ssl.*"})//忽略一些powermock使用的classloader无法处理的类
- @PrepareForTest({StringUtils.class})// @PrepareForTest 可以 mock 多个静态方法
- @SpringBootTest
- public class LearnController11Test {
-
- @Autowired
- private WebApplicationContext wac;
-
- private MockMvc mvc;
-
- private MockHttpSession session;
-
-
- @MockBean
- private LearnService learnService;
-
- @Before
- public void setupMockMvc() {
- //初始化MockMvc对象
- mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
-
- //构建session
- session = new MockHttpSession();
- User user = new User("root", "root");
- //拦截器那边会判断用户是否登录,所以这里注入一个用户
- session.setAttribute("user", user);
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 获取教程测试用例
- * <p>
- * get 请求
- * <p>
- * controller 依赖 service 的方法,这里给 service 方法打桩,不执行真实的方法
- *
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @Test
- public void qryLearn() throws Exception {
-
- LearnResource learnResource = new LearnResource();
- learnResource.setUrl("http://www.baidu.com");
- learnResource.setTitle("Spring Boot干货系列");
- learnResource.setAuthor("嘟嘟MD独立博客");
- learnResource.setId(10L);
-
- // 对 service层中的方法进行 mock
- given(this.learnService.selectByKey(Mockito.any())).willReturn(learnResource);
-
- // 对 StringUtils 打桩,mock 静态方法
- PowerMockito.mockStatic(StringUtils.class);
- // 当 执行 StringUtils.isNoneBlank 方法时,返回 false
- PowerMockito.when(StringUtils.isNoneBlank(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(false);
-
- // 实际使用中 StringUtils.isNoneBlank("bbb") 返回 true,但这里返回 false
- boolean result = StringUtils.isNoneBlank("bbb");
- System.out.println("StringUtils.isNoneBlank: " + result);
-
-
- mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/learn/resource/1001")
- .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8)
- .session(session)
- )
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
- //jsonPath用来获取author字段比对是否为嘟嘟MD独立博客,不是就测试不通过
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.author").value("嘟嘟MD独立博客"))
- .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.title").value("Spring Boot干货系列"))
- .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
- }
-
-
- }
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分类: spring boot
标签: spring boot
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