Django 自定义权限管理系统（通过中间件认证）_中间件对指定的文件配置权限认证

作者：小丑西瓜9 | 2024-02-09 11:43:14

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中间件对指定的文件配置权限认证

1. 创建工程文件，修改setting.py文件

django-admin.py startproject project_name

特别是在 windows 上，如果报错，尝试用 django-admin 代替 django-admin.py 试试

setting.py 最终的配置文件


import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"apps"))
 
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/checklist/
 
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '!g%gzw+-t8*+c2irzcm=r_#*x$q^(x-(^prn7wpnph3w#j$1gl'
 
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
 
 
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'apps.system',
]
 
MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
     'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]
 
ROOT_URLCONF = 'iFactory.urls'
 
TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
 
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'iFactory.wsgi.application'
 
 
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
         'NAME': "iFactory",
         'USER': "postgres",
         'PASSWORD': "postgres",
         'HOST': "127.0.0.1",
         'PORT': "5432",
         'CONN_MAX_AGE': 5,
    }
}
 
 
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]
 
 
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh_Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
 
 
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), )
 
# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE =  'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$'  # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
    '/login/',
]

2. 根目录创建apps文件夹（python包文件夹），创建应用system，把应用放入到apps文件夹中

python manage.py startapp system，在setting中的INSTALLED_APPS中添加对应的app

最终的目录结构

3. 修改system/model.py 文件


#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.db import models
 
# Create your models here.
class Menu(models.Model):
    '''
    菜单
    '''
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    parent = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
 
    def __str__(self):
        # 显示层级菜单
        title_list = [self.title]
        p = self.parent
        while p:
            title_list.insert(0, p.title)
            p = p.parent
        return '-'.join(title_list)
 
class Permission(models.Model):
    '''
    权限
    '''
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    url = models.CharField(max_length=128, unique=True)
    menu = models.ForeignKey("Menu", null=True, blank=True)
    # 定义菜单间的自引用关系
    # 权限url 在 菜单下；菜单可以有父级菜单；还要支持用户创建菜单，因此需要定义parent字段（parent_id）
    # blank=True 意味着在后台管理中填写可以为空，根菜单没有父级菜单
 
    def __str__(self):
        # 显示带菜单前缀的权限
        return '{menu}---{permission}'.format(menu=self.menu, permission=self.title)
 
class Role(models.Model):
    '''
    角色：绑定权限
    '''
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    # 定义角色和权限的多对多关系
    permissions = models.ManyToManyField("Permission")
 
    def __str__(self):
        return self.title
class User(models.Model):
    '''
    用户 -- 角色划分
    '''
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    email = models.EmailField()
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_push_email = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_push_phone = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    # create_datetime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    # 定义用户和角色的多对多关系
    roles = models.ManyToManyField("Role")
 
    def __str__(self):
        return '{username}---{phone}' \
               ''.format(username=self.username, phone=self.phone)

4. 数据库迁移

执行 python manage.py makemigrations system

执行python manage.py migrate system

5. 建立userService.py文件（文件位置看上图目录），代码如下：


from ..models import Menu
 
def init_user_permission(request, user):
    '''
    查询出用户的所有权限，进行分类写入session进行保存
    :param request:
    :param user:
    :return:
    '''
    # 查询出用户的所有权限
    permisson_item_list = user.roles.values('permissons__title',
                                            'permissons__url',
                                            'permissons__menu_id'
                                            ).distinct()
    permisson_url_list = []
    permisson_menu_list = []
    all_menu_list = list(Menu.objects.values("id", "title", "parent_id"))
    for permission_item in permisson_item_list:
        permisson_url_list.append(permission_item["permissons__url"])
        if permission_item["permissons__menu__id"]:
            temp = {
                "title": permission_item["permissons__title"],
                "url": permission_item["permissons__url"],
                "menu_id": permission_item["permissons__menu_id"]
            }
            permisson_menu_list.append(temp)
    # 写入session
    from django.conf import settings
    request.session[settings.SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY] = permisson_url_list
    request.session[settings.SESSION_MENU_KEY] = {
        settings.MENU_ALL: all_menu_list,
        settings.MENU_PERMISSON: permisson_menu_list,
    }

6. 建立views_user.py 文件：


#-*-coding:utf-8-*-
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import JsonResponse, HttpResponse
from apps.system.services import userService
from apps.system.models import User
 
def user_login(request):
    '''
    用户登录
    :param request:
    :return:
    '''
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        res = {}
        username = request.POST.get("username")
        password = request.POST.get("password")
        user = User.objects.filter(username=username, password=password).first()
        if not user:
            res["status"]= "false"
        else:
            userService.init_user_permission(request, user)
        return JsonResponse(res)

注意：以上的setting.py 增加的配置：


MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
     'libs.middleware.permission.permissionMiddleware'
]


# Session setting
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 30 * 60
SESSION_ENGINE =  'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
 
# session_permisson_key
SESSION_PERMISSION_URL_KEY = "perUrl"
SESSION_MENU_KEY = "menu"
MENU_ALL = "menuAll"
MENU_PERMISSON = "menuPer"
 
# permisson
LOGIN_URL = '/login/'
REGEX_URL = r'^{url}$'  # url作严格匹配
SAFE_URL = [
    '/login/',
]

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