虚拟化场景下Centos7.x 下的 LVM分区扩容_centos7虚拟机lvm扩容

作者：小小林熬夜学编程 | 2024-02-21 20:38:08

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centos7虚拟机lvm扩容

1、前提说明

1、前提说明

本文适用于虚拟化或者云平台场景下的LINUX分区扩容，虚拟机平台的磁盘支持扩容操作，虚拟机的操作系统采用了LVM的分区格式。本文以常见的VMWARE ESXI虚拟机为例。

2、操作步骤

思路：虚拟机的磁盘扩容---->虚拟机的磁盘容量更新识别---->虚拟机的分区扩容resize---->LVM的PV磁盘更新------>LogicVolume的扩容----> 文件系统xfs扩容

2.1 备份系统当前情况（很重要）

主要是数据备份、收集配置备份，扩容是对数据的高危操作，要十分谨慎。


#lsblk
#df -h
#pvdisplay
#vgdisplay
#lvdisplay
#parted -l 
#fdisk -l

2.2 虚拟机的磁盘扩容

比如原先是虚拟机是300的磁盘，扩容到600G。直接右键编辑虚拟机设置硬盘的新的容量。确认后保存。

2.3 系统的新磁盘容量识别更新


刷新磁盘容量：
[root@localhost ~]# ls /sys/class/scsi_device/
0:0:0:0  3:0:0:0
[root@localhost ~]# echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/0\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan
[root@localhost ~]# echo 1 > /sys/class/scsi_device/3\:0\:0\:0/device/rescan
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0   600G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 296.1G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   270G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    16G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0  10.1G  0 lvm  /home
sr0              11:0    1   4.4G  0 rom

2.4 对LVM使用的分区sda2扩容


[root@opscenter log]# parted   （此处案例不是600G，主要是演示resize过程）
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 
 
Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  1002GB  1001GB  primary               lvm
 
(parted) 2                                                                
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) resizepart          #（调整分区功能）
Partition number? 2          #（选择分区2）                                             
End?  [1002GB]? 1052G        #（写入新的容量，不需要管起始位置）
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 
 
Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  1052GB  1051GB  primary               lvm
 
(parted) w                     #（保存分区表）                                                             
  align-check TYPE N                        check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment
  help [COMMAND]                           print general help, or help on COMMAND
  mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE               create a new disklabel (partition table)
  mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END     make a partition
  name NUMBER NAME                         name partition NUMBER as NAME
  print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER]     display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition
  quit                                     exit program
  rescue START END                         rescue a lost partition near START and END
  
  resizepart NUMBER END                    resize partition NUMBER
  rm NUMBER                                delete partition NUMBER
  select DEVICE                            choose the device to edit
  disk_set FLAG STATE                      change the FLAG on selected device
  disk_toggle [FLAG]                       toggle the state of FLAG on selected device
  set NUMBER FLAG STATE                    change the FLAG on partition NUMBER
  toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]                   toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER
  unit UNIT                                set the default unit to UNIT
  version                                  display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
 
[root@opscenter log]# parted     # （确认生效）                                            
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 
 
Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      1049kB  1075MB  1074MB  primary  xfs          boot
 2      1075MB  1052GB  1051GB  primary               lvm
 
(parted)                                                                  
(parted) q

2.5LVM的PV磁盘更新

分区扩容完毕后，需要LVM重新识别PV容量


 
[root@opscenter log]# pvresize /dev/sda2    #（调整识别新的pvsize分区大小）
  Physical volume "/dev/sda2" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
[root@opscenter log]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               rhel
  PV Size               <978.75 GiB / not usable 3.38 MiB
  Allocatable           yes 
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              250559
  Free PE               11968
  Allocated PE          238591
  PV UUID               V25Vwm-yFff-Kcft-s69N-JKyb-mCV8-9O7XM9
 
[root@opscenter ~]# vgdisplay       #(查看free空间是否增加）

2.6 磁盘逻辑卷扩容和文件系统扩容

首先要扩容逻辑卷block设备。然后再扩容对应的文件系统。


 
 
 
[root@opscenter ~]# lvextend -L +40G /dev/mapper/rhel-root    # （演示扩容分区40G）
  Size of logical volume rhel/root changed from 900.00 GiB (230400 extents) to 940.00 GiB (240640 extents).
  Logical volume rhel/root successfully resized.
 
 
[root@opscenter ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/rhel-root        # （演示根分区/扩容xfs文件系统，如果是ext的话，应该采用resize2fs 命令来扩文件系统）
meta-data=/dev/mapper/rhel-root  isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=58982400 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=235929600, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=115200, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 235929600 to 246415360
[root@opscenter ~]# df -h           #(演示检查扩容结果)
Filesystem             Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/rhel-root  940G  9.9G  930G   2% /
devtmpfs               7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                  7.8G   25M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  150M  865M  15% /boot
tmpfs                  1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0

至此整个扩容结束。

3、总结：

本文是扩容直接磁盘的方式。此外还有往系统再增加一个物理硬盘，加入到rootvg中，再扩容LVM逻辑卷的方案。

对于采用Linux标准物理分区的系统，可能也可以适用，采用growpart工具扩容分区，等下次有空测试一下。

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