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自学的WebSocket途中遇到很多坑,希望需要使用的朋友可以少走弯路,
使用的环境:tomcat7.0,mysql,springMvc,spring,Mybatis
主要使用2个jar包 这2个jar包在tomcat7的 lib文件夹里面有
catalina.jar websocket-api.jar
其他jar包截图如下
本章实例中,实现了客户端之间的通信和服务器响应数据给客户端
1.客户端之间的通信,打开2个浏览器模仿QQ聊天功能
2.服务器与客户端之间的通信
当数据库信息发生改变时候,服务器把最新的数据响应给客户端
这是数据没改变的时候的
当数据库发生改变时候,服务器把最新的数据推送给客户端
没改变的时候,服务器不会推送数据
主要类3个
GetHttpSession用与在MyWebSocket类中获取HttpSession对象
- package ljm.web;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- import javax.websocket.HandshakeResponse;
- import javax.websocket.server.HandshakeRequest;
- import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpointConfig;
-
- public class GetHttpSession extends ServerEndpointConfig.Configurator
- {
- @Override
- public void modifyHandshake(ServerEndpointConfig config,
- HandshakeRequest request,HandshakeResponse response){
- HttpSession httpSession = (HttpSession)request.getHttpSession();
- config.getUserProperties().put(HttpSession.class.getName(),httpSession);
- }
- }
MyWebSocket用实现服务器与客户端的通信
- package ljm.web;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- import javax.websocket.EndpointConfig;
- import javax.websocket.OnClose;
- import javax.websocket.OnError;
- import javax.websocket.OnMessage;
- import javax.websocket.OnOpen;
- import javax.websocket.Session;
- import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint;
-
- import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
-
- import ljm.service.UserService;
-
- @ServerEndpoint(value="/chat",configurator=GetHttpSession.class)
- public class MyWebSocket {
- private UserService userService = (UserService) ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext().getBean("userService");
-
- //静态变量,用来记录当前在线连接数。应该把它设计成线程安全的。
- private static int onlineCount = 0;
- //更新数据的线程
- RefreshThread thread =null;
- //concurrent包的线程安全Set,用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象。若要实现服务端与单一客户端通信的话,可以使用Map来存放,其中Key可以为用户标识
- private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<MyWebSocket> webSocketSet = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<MyWebSocket>();
-
- //与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据
- private Session session;
-
- /**
- * 连接建立成功调用的方法
- * @param session 可选的参数。session为与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据
- * @throws Exception
- */
- @OnOpen
- public void onOpen(Session session,EndpointConfig config) throws Exception{
- Integer age=userService.findUserAge(1);
- System.out.println(age);
- this.session = session;
- webSocketSet.add(this);
- HttpSession se= (HttpSession) config.getUserProperties().get(HttpSession.class.getName());
- se.setAttribute("userId", 1);
- thread=new RefreshThread(session,se);
- thread.start();
- addOnlineCount(); //在线数加1
- System.out.println("有新连接加入!当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount());
- }
-
- /**
- * 连接关闭调用的方法
- */
- @OnClose
- public void onClose(){
- thread.stopThread();
- webSocketSet.remove(this); //从set中删除
- subOnlineCount(); //在线数减1
- System.out.println("有一连接关闭!当前在线人数为" + getOnlineCount());
- }
-
- /**
- * 收到客户端消息后调用的方法
- * @param message 客户端发送过来的消息
- * @param session 可选的参数
- */
- @OnMessage
- public void onMessage(String message, Session session) {
- System.out.println("来自客户端的消息:" + message);
-
- //群发消息
- for(MyWebSocket item: webSocketSet){
- try {
- item.sendMessage(message);
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- continue;
- }
- }
- }
-
- /**
- * 发生错误时调用
- * @param session
- * @param error
- */
- @OnError
- public void onError(Session session, Throwable error){
- System.out.println("发生错误");
- error.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- /**
- * 这个方法与上面几个方法不一样。没有用注解,是根据自己需要添加的方法。
- * @param message
- * @throws IOException
- */
- public void sendMessage(String message) throws IOException{
- //同步
- this.session.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
- //异步this.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message);
- }
- public static synchronized int getOnlineCount() {
- return onlineCount;
- }
-
- public static synchronized void addOnlineCount() {
- MyWebSocket.onlineCount++;
- }
-
- public static synchronized void subOnlineCount() {
- MyWebSocket.onlineCount--;
- }
-
- }

RefreshThread线程用于查询数据库有没有新的通知信息
- package ljm.web;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
- import javax.websocket.Session;
-
- import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
-
- import ljm.service.UserService;
- public class RefreshThread extends Thread {
- private Session session;
- private Integer currentAge;
- private HttpSession se;
- UserService userService;
- private volatile boolean stop = false;
- //关闭线程
- public void stopThread() {
- this.stop = true;
- }
- public RefreshThread(Session session,HttpSession se) throws Exception {
- userService = (UserService) ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext().getBean("userService");
- this.session = session;
- this.se=se;
- currentAge =userService.findUserAge((Integer) se.getAttribute("userId")) ;//此时是0条最新消息
- }
- @Override
- public void run() {
- Integer age=null;
- while (true) {
- try {
- Integer id=(Integer) se.getAttribute("userId");
- age=userService.findUserAge(id);
- if(age!=currentAge){
- session.getBasicRemote().sendText(age+"");
- currentAge=age;
- }
- //一秒刷新一次
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
- }

其次就是配置要通讯的JSP页面
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
-
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
-
- <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
- <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
- </head>
- <body>
- Welcome<br/>
- <input id="text" type="text" /><button onclick="send()">Send</button> <button onclick="closeWebSocket()">Close</button>
- <div id="message">
- </div>
- </body>
-
- <script type="text/javascript">
- var websocket = null;
-
- //判断当前浏览器是否支持WebSocket
- if('WebSocket' in window){
- websocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/webSocketDemo/chat");
- }
- else{
- alert('Not support websocket');
- }
- //连接发生错误的回调方法
- websocket.onerror = function(){
- setMessageInnerHTML("error");
- };
-
- //连接成功建立的回调方法
- websocket.onopen = function(event){
- setMessageInnerHTML("open");
- };
- //接收到消息的回调方法
- websocket.onmessage = function(event){
- setMessageInnerHTML(event.data);
- };
-
- //连接关闭的回调方法
- websocket.onclose = function(){
- setMessageInnerHTML("close");
- };
-
- //监听窗口关闭事件,当窗口关闭时,主动去关闭websocket连接,防止连接还没断开就关闭窗口,server端会抛异常。
- window.onbeforeunload = function(){
- websocket.close();
- };
- //将消息显示在网页上
- function setMessageInnerHTML(innerHTML){
- document.getElementById('message').innerHTML += innerHTML + '<br/>';
- }
-
- //关闭连接
- function closeWebSocket(){
- websocket.close();
- }
-
- //发送消息
- function send(){
- var message = document.getElementById('text').value;
- websocket.send(message);
- }
- </script>
- </html>
-

注意事项
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