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本菜最近师命难违,在别人享受大四生活的同时不得不学习代码,搞搞DL。python基础差实在是难受,本菜记忆力和金鱼差不多,故写下这些小知识点以便常常复习之用,希望大佬看到不要踩我
python中常见的二维数组有list与numpy.array。在很多情况下我们需要获取数组的大小,阅读过一些python代码可以发现,常见的方法一般有len, size, shape这三种,那么这三种方法分别应用于那些场合?有什么区别?
import numpy as np
a = [[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]
b = np.array(a)
print type(a)
print a
print type(b)
print b
[[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]]
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
list
list---len
print len(a), len(a[0])
3 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
1 print len(a), len(a[0])
----> 2 print size(a)
NameError: name 'size' is not defined
list---size
print size(a)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print size(a)
NameError: name 'size' is not defined
In [6]:
print a.size
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print a.size
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'size'
list---shape
print shape(a)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print shape(a)
NameError: name 'shape' is not defined
In [8]:
print a.shape
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 print a.shape
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'shape'
由上可知,list只支持len(), 该方法实际是调用了对象的len(self)方法
numpy.array
对比之下,numpy.array同时支持len, size, shape, 注意看三者返回值的区别。
此外,numpy中还提供matrix的数据类型,具体请看:
c = np.mat(a)
print type(c)
print c
d = np.mat(b)
print type(d)
print d
print len(d)
print d.size
print d.shape
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
[[ 1 2 3 4]
[ 5 6 7 8]
[ 9 10 11 12]]
3
12
(3, 4)
从上面的例子可以看出,martix支持由list和numpy.array创建,同时支持len, size以及shape.
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