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Docker常用指令和镜像操作详解一文速学+实例代码_docker运行镜像的命令

作者：小小林熬夜学编程 | 2024-04-13 02:38:52

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docker运行镜像的命令

搜索不小于10000星的busybox的镜像

rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有docker容器

docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f 也可以删除所有的容器

当使用docker stop 无法停止时，可以使用docker kill 直接杀掉

4. 查看日志命令

查看启动容器的最新num行的日志

5. 查看容器的进程信息

6.重新打开一个终端的方式进入docker

7.进入容器中正在运行的终端

8.从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

点关注，防走丢，如有纰漏之处，请留言指教，非常感谢

参阅

前言

现在搭建部署环境基本都是用Docker进行，学会Docker指令相当重要。在我的Docker系列文章中我们已经进行了很多准备工作，我是在云服务器上面进行部署的工作，大大省去了虚拟机环境配置时间，大家可以用用看：

云服务器Centos8.2SSH登陆、安装部署图形化界面以及VNC连接一文详解

云服务器CentOS8.2安装部署Docker一文详解

云服务器CentOS8.2Docker图形化管理工具Portainer安装部署

下面仍旧还是使用SecureCRT进行指令演示。

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今天为大家推荐一款刷题神奇哦：刷题面试神器牛客
各大互联网大厂面试真题。从基础到入阶乃至原理刨析类面试题应有尽有，赶快来装备自己吧！助你面试稳操胜券，solo全场面试官

一、Docker基础命令

1.启动docker

systemctl start docker

2.查看状态

systemctl status docker

3.关闭docker

systemctl stop docker

4.开机自启

systemctl enable docker

5.查看版本信息

docker version

docker info

6.查看帮助

docker --help

若忘记了某个指令的功能可以在后面加上help查看功能：

docker 指令参数 --help

二、Docker镜像命令

1.查看docker镜像

docker images

可以通过--help查看每一个Image命令的详细信息。

docker image ls --help

显示所有镜像（默认隐藏中间图像）

docker image ls -a

docker images、docker image ls和docker image ls -a是一样的效果。

docker image ls -q

仅输出image的IMAGE ID。

2.搜索镜像

docker search 镜像名

比如：

docker search [OPTIONS] TERM

其中OPTIONS有：

--automated：弃用，只列出自动构建类型的镜像
--filter , -f：基于给定条件过滤输出
--format：使用模板格式化显示输出
--limit：Max number of search results ，默认值25
--no-trunc：禁止截断输出
--stars , -s：弃用，只显示收藏数不小于几颗星的镜像，移到--filter中使用

代码如下（示例）：

搜索不小于10000星的busybox的镜像

docker search --filter=stars=10000 mysql

format格式化输出

.Description 镜像描述
.StarCount star数量
.IsOfficial “OK” 表示官方镜像
.IsAutomated “OK” 表示自动构建

docker search --format "{{.Name}}:{{.StarCount}}" mysql

docker search --format "table {{.Name}}\t{{.IsAutomated}}\t{{.IsOfficial}}" redis

限制搜索输出个数

docker search redis --filter=stars=500 --limit 3

禁止截断输出

 docker search --no-trunc mysql

3.拉取镜像

代码如下（示例）：

docker image pull

参数可以选有两个：

例如拉取一个最新的redis：

docker image pull redis

拉取完后docker images查看：

4.删除所有镜像

代码如下：

docker image prune [OPTIONS]

5.删除指定镜像

docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

删除TAG为latest最新版本的redis：

docker image rm redis:latest

6.TAG修改生成新镜像

docker image tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]

docker image tag hello-world:latest hello-world:v.1.0

7.保存镜像

docker image save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

docker image save hello-world:v.1.0 > hw.tar

保存到指定目录：

docker image save hello-worl:v.1.0 -o /usr/local/hw.tar

8.加载镜像

docker image load [OPTIONS]

我们一开始是把hello-world的v.1.0的版本给删了，现在我们可以把通过本地保存的hello-world给放到image里面去：

 docker image load <hw.tar

加载指定路径的镜像源：

docker load -i /usr/local/hw.tar   # 指定加载镜像的源

9.显示历史镜像操作

docker image history [OPTIONS] IMAGE

 docker image history hello-world:v.1.0

10.显示镜像的详细信息

docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

例如我们查看hello-world镜像的详细信息会发现：

docker image inspect hello-world

一大串JSON文件格式：

11.从归档文件中创建镜像

docker image import [OPTIONS] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

docker image import hw.tar   # 一般需要指定镜像名字

12.上传镜像

docker image push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG]

这样就是上传成功了可以在dockerhub上看到自己上传的镜像：

docker push fanstuck/my-private-repo:hellow-world

13.创建镜像

docker image build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | -

bulid属于制作镜像是一个较为复杂且需要编写程序的过程，因此参数相应的会比较复杂：


 
Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
 
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
 
Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon
                           (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set
                           with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket(s) to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level
                           ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default
                           "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default
                           "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit
 
Management Commands:
  app*        Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.3-docker)
  compose*    Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.6.0)
  config      Manage Docker configs
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  image       Manage images
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  node        Manage Swarm nodes
  plugin      Manage plugins
  scan*       Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.17.0)
  secret      Manage Docker secrets
  service     Manage services
  stack       Manage Docker stacks
  swarm       Manage Swarm
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes
 
Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  exec        Run a command in a running container
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  images      List images
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  info        Display system-wide information
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  login       Log in to a Docker registry
  logout      Log out from a Docker registry
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  ps          List containers
  pull        Pull an image or a repository from a registry
  push        Push an image or a repository to a registry
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  run         Run a command in a new container
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  search      Search the Docker Hub for images
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  version     Show the Docker version information
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
 
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

这里参数十分丰富，以后将独自写一期docker bulid来详细介绍该功能的使用，属于制作镜像一块的，是比较大的一块docker内容。

14.运行镜像

创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

相应的参数也是十分的多的：


 
Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
 
Run a command in a new container
 
Options:
      --add-host list                  Add a custom host-to-IP mapping (host:ip)
  -a, --attach list                    Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR
      --blkio-weight uint16            Block IO (relative weight), between 10 and
                                       1000, or 0 to disable (default 0)
      --blkio-weight-device list       Block IO weight (relative device weight)
                                       (default [])
      --cap-add list                   Add Linux capabilities
      --cap-drop list                  Drop Linux capabilities
      --cgroup-parent string           Optional parent cgroup for the container
      --cgroupns string                Cgroup namespace to use (host|private)
                                       'host':    Run the container in the Docker
                                       host's cgroup namespace
                                       'private': Run the container in its own
                                       private cgroup namespace
                                       '':        Use the cgroup namespace as
                                       configured by the
                                                  default-cgroupns-mode option on
                                       the daemon (default)
      --cidfile string                 Write the container ID to the file
      --cpu-period int                 Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) period
      --cpu-quota int                  Limit CPU CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler) quota
      --cpu-rt-period int              Limit CPU real-time period in microseconds
      --cpu-rt-runtime int             Limit CPU real-time runtime in microseconds
  -c, --cpu-shares int                 CPU shares (relative weight)
      --cpus decimal                   Number of CPUs
      --cpuset-cpus string             CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
      --cpuset-mems string             MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)
  -d, --detach                         Run container in background and print container ID
      --detach-keys string             Override the key sequence for detaching a
                                       container
      --device list                    Add a host device to the container
      --device-cgroup-rule list        Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list
      --device-read-bps list           Limit read rate (bytes per second) from a
                                       device (default [])
      --device-read-iops list          Limit read rate (IO per second) from a device
                                       (default [])
      --device-write-bps list          Limit write rate (bytes per second) to a
                                       device (default [])
      --device-write-iops list         Limit write rate (IO per second) to a device
                                       (default [])
      --disable-content-trust          Skip image verification (default true)
      --dns list                       Set custom DNS servers
      --dns-option list                Set DNS options
      --dns-search list                Set custom DNS search domains
      --domainname string              Container NIS domain name
      --entrypoint string              Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image
  -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
      --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment variables
      --expose list                    Expose a port or a range of ports
      --gpus gpu-request               GPU devices to add to the container ('all' to
                                       pass all GPUs)
      --group-add list                 Add additional groups to join
      --health-cmd string              Command to run to check health
      --health-interval duration       Time between running the check (ms|s|m|h)
                                       (default 0s)
      --health-retries int             Consecutive failures needed to report unhealthy
      --health-start-period duration   Start period for the container to initialize
                                       before starting health-retries countdown
                                       (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --health-timeout duration        Maximum time to allow one check to run
                                       (ms|s|m|h) (default 0s)
      --help                           Print usage
  -h, --hostname string                Container host name
      --init                           Run an init inside the container that
                                       forwards signals and reaps processes
  -i, --interactive                    Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --ip string                      IPv4 address (e.g., 172.30.100.104)
      --ip6 string                     IPv6 address (e.g., 2001:db8::33)
      --ipc string                     IPC mode to use
      --isolation string               Container isolation technology
      --kernel-memory bytes            Kernel memory limit
  -l, --label list                     Set meta data on a container
      --label-file list                Read in a line delimited file of labels
      --link list                      Add link to another container
      --link-local-ip list             Container IPv4/IPv6 link-local addresses
      --log-driver string              Logging driver for the container
      --log-opt list                   Log driver options
      --mac-address string             Container MAC address (e.g., 92:d0:c6:0a:29:33)
  -m, --memory bytes                   Memory limit
      --memory-reservation bytes       Memory soft limit
      --memory-swap bytes              Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: '-1' to
                                       enable unlimited swap
      --memory-swappiness int          Tune container memory swappiness (0 to 100)
                                       (default -1)
      --mount mount                    Attach a filesystem mount to the container
      --name string                    Assign a name to the container
      --network network                Connect a container to a network
      --network-alias list             Add network-scoped alias for the container
      --no-healthcheck                 Disable any container-specified HEALTHCHECK
      --oom-kill-disable               Disable OOM Killer
      --oom-score-adj int              Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000)
      --pid string                     PID namespace to use
      --pids-limit int                 Tune container pids limit (set -1 for unlimited)
      --platform string                Set platform if server is multi-platform capable
      --privileged                     Give extended privileges to this container
  -p, --publish list                   Publish a container's port(s) to the host
  -P, --publish-all                    Publish all exposed ports to random ports
      --pull string                    Pull image before running
                                       ("always"|"missing"|"never") (default "missing")
      --read-only                      Mount the container's root filesystem as read only
      --restart string                 Restart policy to apply when a container
                                       exits (default "no")
      --rm                             Automatically remove the container when it exits
      --runtime string                 Runtime to use for this container
      --security-opt list              Security Options
      --shm-size bytes                 Size of /dev/shm
      --sig-proxy                      Proxy received signals to the process
                                       (default true)
      --stop-signal string             Signal to stop a container (default "SIGTERM")
      --stop-timeout int               Timeout (in seconds) to stop a container
      --storage-opt list               Storage driver options for the container
      --sysctl map                     Sysctl options (default map[])
      --tmpfs list                     Mount a tmpfs directory
  -t, --tty                            Allocate a pseudo-TTY
      --ulimit ulimit                  Ulimit options (default [])
  -u, --user string                    Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
      --userns string                  User namespace to use
      --uts string                     UTS namespace to use
  -v, --volume list                    Bind mount a volume
      --volume-driver string           Optional volume driver for the container
      --volumes-from list              Mount volumes from the specified container(s)
  -w, --workdir string                 Working directory inside the container

run的执行流程为：

三、docker容器命令

1.查看正在运行容器列表

 docker ps [OPTIONS]


Usage:  docker ps [OPTIONS]
 
List containers
 
Options:
  -a, --all             Show all containers (default shows just running)
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print containers using a Go template
  -n, --last int        Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
  -l, --latest          Show the latest created container (includes all states)
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           Only display container IDs
  -s, --size            Display total file sizes

-a 查看所有容器

docker ps -a

-n 个数列出最近创建的容器

docker ps -n 2

-aq 显示所有运行过的容器的id

docker ps -aq

2.删除容器

rm -f 容器id 删除容器

docker rm -f 0150f4c51f21

rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有docker容器

docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f 也可以删除所有的容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)

docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f

3.启动容器

start 容器id 启动容器

docker start e8sdzx524

restart 容器id 重启容器

docker restart e8sdzx524

stop 容器id 停止容器

docker stop e8sdzx524

当使用docker stop 无法停止时，可以使用docker kill 直接杀掉

docker kill ec8626df668c

4. 查看日志命令

docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER


Usage:  docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
 
Fetch the logs of a container
 
Options:
      --details        Show extra details provided to logs
  -f, --follow         Follow log output
      --since string   Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z) or
                       relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
  -n, --tail string    Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default
                       "all")
  -t, --timestamps     Show timestamps
      --until string   Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37Z)
                       or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)

查看启动容器的最新num行的日志

docker logs -tf --tail num 容器id

例如：

 docker logs -tf --tail 10 ec8626df668c

5. 查看容器的进程信息

docker top 容器id

6.重新打开一个终端的方式进入docker

docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]


Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
 
Run a command in a running container
 
Options:
  -d, --detach               Detached mode: run command in the background
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
  -e, --env list             Set environment variables
      --env-file list        Read in a file of environment variables
  -i, --interactive          Keep STDIN open even if not attached
      --privileged           Give extended privileges to the command
  -t, --tty                  Allocate a pseudo-TTY
  -u, --user string          Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])
  -w, --workdir string       Working directory inside the container

7.进入容器中正在运行的终端

docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER


 
Usage:  docker attach [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
 
Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
 
Options:
      --detach-keys string   Override the key sequence for detaching a container
      --no-stdin             Do not attach STDIN
      --sig-proxy            Proxy all received signals to the process (default true)

8.从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id:容器文件路径 本地文件路径

例如：

docker cp ec8626df668c:/opt/test.txt /opt/test.txt

很多学Python伙伴问题有没有体系的面试题？
今天为大家推荐一款刷题神奇哦：刷题面试神器牛客
各大互联网大厂面试真题。从基础到入阶乃至原理刨析类面试题应有尽有，赶快来装备自己吧！助你面试稳操胜券，solo全场面试官

点关注，防走丢，如有纰漏之处，请留言指教，非常感谢

以上就是本期全部内容。我是fanstuck ，有问题大家随时留言讨论，我们下期见。

参阅

docker 常用命令大全

Docker Image 命令详解

Docker - Docker Image及Image命令详解

Docker----Docker容器操作常用命令

本文内容由网友自发贡献，转载请注明出处：【wpsshop博客】

Docker常用指令和镜像操作详解一文速学+实例代码_docker运行镜像的命令

前言

一、Docker基础命令

1.启动docker

2.查看状态

3.关闭docker

4.开机自启

5.查看版本信息

6.查看帮助

二、Docker镜像命令

1.查看docker镜像

2.搜索镜像

搜索不小于10000星的busybox的镜像

format格式化输出

限制搜索输出个数

禁止截断输出

3.拉取镜像

4.删除所有镜像

5.删除指定镜像

6.TAG修改生成新镜像

7.保存镜像

8.加载镜像

9.显示历史镜像操作

10.显示镜像的详细信息

11.从归档文件中创建镜像

12.上传镜像

13.创建镜像

14.运行镜像

三、docker容器命令

1.查看正在运行容器列表

-a 查看所有容器

-n 个数 列出最近创建的容器

-aq 显示所有运行过的容器的id

2.删除容器

rm -f 容器id 删除容器

rm -f $(docker ps -aq) 删除所有docker容器

docker ps -aq|xargs docker rm -f 也可以删除所有的容器

3.启动容器

start 容器id 启动容器

restart 容器id 重启容器

stop 容器id 停止容器

当使用docker stop 无法停止时，可以使用docker kill 直接杀掉

4. 查看日志命令

查看启动容器的最新num行的日志

5. 查看容器的进程信息

6.重新打开一个终端的方式进入docker

7.进入容器中正在运行的终端

8.从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

点关注，防走丢，如有纰漏之处，请留言指教，非常感谢

参阅

-n 个数列出最近创建的容器