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堆通常是一个可以被看作一个完全二叉树,满二叉树也可以看做一个完全二叉树,所以我们可以用满二叉树来证明。
调整次数用N来表示,从倒数第二层开始调整(叶子节点不用调整)
时间复杂度为 N * logN
时间复杂度为 N
所以我们可知,向下调整建堆效率更高。
创建堆之后,我们选择以升序建大堆,降序建小堆。因为升序建小堆选出一次小数都,彼此的关系会改变,代价很大,降序同理。
- void Swap(HPDataType* p1,HPDataType* p2)
- {
- HPDataType tmp = *p1;
- *p1 = *p2;
- *p2 = tmp;
- }
-
- void AdjustDown(HPDataType* a, int n, int parent)
- {
- int child = parent * 2 + 1;
-
- while (child < n)
- {
- if (child + 1 < n && a[child + 1] < a[child])
- {
- child++;
- }
- if (a[child] < a[parent])
- {
- Swap(&a[child], &a[parent]);
- parent = child;
- child = parent * 2 + 1;
- }
- else
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
-
- void HeapSort(int* a, int n)
- {
- //向下调整建堆
- int i = 0;
- for (i = (n - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--)
- {
- AdjustDown(a, n, i);
- }
- int end = n - 1;
- while (end)
- {
- Swap(&a[0], &a[end]);
- AdjustDown(a, end, 0);
- end--;
- }
- }
-
- int main()
- {
- int a[] = {7,8,3,5,1,9,4,5};
- HeapSort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]));
-
- return 0;
- }

TOP-K问题:求数据中前K个最大的元素或者最小的元素,一般情况下数据量都比较大
这时我们就可以用堆排序来解决这个问题,先用数据中前K个数据来建堆。
求前K个最大数据,建小堆
求前K个最小数据,建大堆
然后用后N-K个数据跟堆顶进行比较,满足条件则替换堆顶元素,数据则用随机数来创建
我们以文件的形式进行模拟
Heap.h
- #pragma once
- #include<stdio.h>
- #include<assert.h>
- #include<stdlib.h>
- #include<stdbool.h>
-
- typedef int HPDataType;
- typedef struct Heap
- {
- HPDataType* a;
- int size;
- int capacity;
- }HP;
-
- void Swap(HPDataType* p1, HPDataType* p2);
- void AdjustDown(HPDataType* a, int n, int parent);
- void AdjustUp(HPDataType* a, int child);
- void HPInsert(HP* php);
- void HPPush(HP* php, HPDataType x);
- void HPPop(HP* php);
- bool HPEmpty(HP* php);
- HPDataType HPTop(HP* php);
- void HPDestroy(HP* php);
- int Heapsize(HP* php);

test.c
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include"Heap.h"
-
-
- void test1()
- {
- HP hp;
- HPInsert(&hp);
- int arr[] = { 10,20,5,15,9,11 };
- int i = 0;
-
- for (i = 0; i < sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
- {
- HPPush(&hp, arr[i]);
- }
-
- while (!HPEmpty(&hp))
- {
- int top = HPTop(&hp);
- printf("%d ", top);
- HPPop(&hp);
- }
-
- HPDestroy(&hp);
- }
-
- //void HeapSort(int* a, int n)
- //{
- // HP hp;
- // HPInsert(&hp);
- // int i = 0;
- // for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
- // {
- // HPPush(&hp, a[i]);
- // }
- // i = 0;
- // while (!HPEmpty(&hp))
- // {
- // int top = HPTop(&hp);
- // a[i++] = top;
- // HPPop(&hp);
- // }
- //
- // HPDestroy(&hp);
- //}
-
- //void HeapSort(int* a, int n)
- //{
- // //向上调整建堆
- // int i = 0;
- // for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
- // {
- // AdjustUp(a, i);
- // }
- // int end = n - 1;
- // while (end)
- // {
- // Swap(&a[0], &a[end]);
- // AdjustDown(a, end, 0);
- // end--;
- // }
- //}
-
- void HeapSort(int* a, int n)
- {
- //向下调整建堆
- int i = 0;
- for (i = (n - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--)
- {
- AdjustDown(a, n, i);
- }
- int end = n - 1;
- while (end)
- {
- Swap(&a[0], &a[end]);
- AdjustDown(a, end, 0);
- end--;
- }
- }
-
- void creatNData()
- {
- int n = 100000000;
- srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
- FILE* fin = fopen("data.txt", "w");
- if (fin == NULL)
- {
- perror("fin");
- return;
- }
- for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- int x = rand() % 1000000;
- fprintf(fin, "%d\n", x);
- }
- fclose(fin);
- }
-
- void PrintTopK(int k)
- {
- FILE* fout = fopen("data.txt", "r");
- if (fout == NULL)
- {
- perror("fout");
- return;
- }
-
- int* kminheap = (int*)malloc(sizeof(int) * k);
- if (kminheap == NULL)
- {
- perror("kminheap");
- return;
- }
- for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
- {
- fscanf(fout, "%d", &kminheap[i]);
- }
-
- for (int i = (k - 1 - 1) / 2; i >= 0; i--)
- {
- AdjustDown(kminheap, k, i);
- }
-
- int val = 0;
- while (!feof(fout))
- {
- fscanf(fout, "%d", &val);
- if (val > kminheap[0])
- {
- kminheap[0] = val;
- AdjustDown(kminheap, k, 0);
- }
- }
-
- int end = k - 1;
- while (end)
- {
- Swap(&kminheap[0], &kminheap[end]);
- AdjustDown(kminheap, end, 0);
- end--;
- }
-
- for (int i = 0; i < k; i++)
- {
- printf("%d ", kminheap[i]);
- }
- printf("\n");
- }
-
- int main()
- {
- //test1();
- /*int a[] = {7,8,3,5,1,9,4,5};
- HeapSort(a, sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]));*/
- //creatNData();
- PrintTopK(5);
-
- return 0;
- }

Heap.c
- #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
- #include"Heap.h"
-
- void HPInsert(HP* php)
- {
- php->a = NULL;
- php->capacity = 0;
- php->size = 0;
- }
-
- bool HPEmpty(HP* php)
- {
- assert(php);
- return php->size == 0;
- }
-
- void Swap(HPDataType* p1,HPDataType* p2)
- {
- HPDataType tmp = *p1;
- *p1 = *p2;
- *p2 = tmp;
- }
-
- void AdjustUp(HPDataType* a, int child)
- {
- int parent = (child - 1) / 2;
-
- while (child > 0)
- {
- if (a[child] < a[parent])
- {
- Swap(&a[child], &a[parent]);
- child = parent;
- parent = (child - 1) / 2;
- }
- else
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
-
- void AdjustDown(HPDataType* a, int n, int parent)
- {
- int child = parent * 2 + 1;
-
- while (child < n)
- {
- if (child + 1 < n && a[child + 1] < a[child])
- {
- child++;
- }
- if (a[child] < a[parent])
- {
- Swap(&a[child], &a[parent]);
- parent = child;
- child = parent * 2 + 1;
- }
- else
- {
- break;
- }
- }
- }
-
- void HPPush(HP* php, HPDataType x)
- {
- assert(php);
-
- if (php->size == php->capacity)
- {
- int tmp = php->capacity == 0 ? 4 : php->capacity * 2;
- HPDataType* arr = (HPDataType*)realloc(php->a, tmp * sizeof(HPDataType));
- if (arr == NULL)
- {
- perror("HPPush");
- return;
- }
-
- php->a = arr;
- php->capacity = tmp;
- }
-
- php->a[php->size] = x;
- php->size++;
-
- AdjustUp(php->a,php->size-1);
- }
-
- void HPPop(HP* php)
- {
- assert(php);
- assert(!HPEmpty(php->a));
-
- Swap(&php->a[0], &php->a[php->size - 1]);
- php->size--;
-
- AdjustDown(php->a, php->size - 1, 0);
- }
-
- HPDataType HPTop(HP* php)
- {
- assert(php);
- return php->a[0];
- }
-
- void HPDestroy(HP* php)
- {
- assert(php);
- free(php->a);
- php->a = NULL;
- php->capacity = php->size = 0;
- }
-
- int Heapsize(HP* php)
- {
- assert(php);
- return php->size;
- }

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