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最近在学习使用hal库,之前都是用标准库来写32代码,所以发个帖子记录一下学习过程,同时也希望能帮助到一些也在学习HAL库的同学。
接下来进入正题
串口中断是指当单片机收到一个串口数据时,单片机会产生一个中断信号,通知处理器中断服务程序去处理这个接收到的数据。在中断服务程序中,我们可以读取串口接收缓冲区中的数据,并根据具体的应用场景进行处理,例如存储、显示、计算等操作。
串口中断一般通过使用串口的中断接收功能实现。当有新的数据到达串口时,单片机会产生一个中断请求,触发中断服务程序。中断服务程序在处理完接收到的数据后,可以根据具体的应用需求采取相应的处理措施。相比于轮询方式,采用中断的方式可以大大提高单片机的效率,减少了资源浪费,同时也可以避免数据丢失等问题。
1,首先在主页面选择你的32芯片
这是才初始化后的main函数
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
- /**
- ******************************************************************************
- * @file : main.c
- * @brief : Main program body
- ******************************************************************************
- * @attention
- *
- * Copyright (c) 2023 STMicroelectronics.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
- * in the root directory of this software component.
- * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
- *
- ******************************************************************************
- */
- /* USER CODE END Header */
- /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
- #include "main.h"
- #include "usart.h"
- #include "gpio.h"
-
- /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
-
- /* USER CODE END Includes */
-
- /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
-
- /* USER CODE END PTD */
-
- /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
-
- /* USER CODE END PD */
-
- /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
-
- /* USER CODE END PM */
-
- /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
-
- /* USER CODE END PV */
-
- /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
- void SystemClock_Config(void);
- /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
-
- /* USER CODE END PFP */
-
- /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 0 */
-
- /**
- * @brief The application entry point.
- * @retval int
- */
- int main(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 1 */
-
- /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/
-
- /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
- HAL_Init();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
-
- /* USER CODE END Init */
-
- /* Configure the system clock */
- SystemClock_Config();
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
-
- /* USER CODE END SysInit */
-
- /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
- MX_GPIO_Init();
- MX_USART1_UART_Init();
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 2 */
-
- /* Infinite loop */
- /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
- while (1)
- {
- /* USER CODE END WHILE */
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
- }
- /* USER CODE END 3 */
- }
-
- /**
- * @brief System Clock Configuration
- * @retval None
- */
- void SystemClock_Config(void)
- {
- RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
- RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
-
- /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
- */
- __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
- __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
-
- /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
- * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
- */
- RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 4;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 96;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
- RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
- if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
-
- /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
- */
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
- |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
- RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
-
- if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_3) != HAL_OK)
- {
- Error_Handler();
- }
- }
-
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
-
- /* USER CODE END 4 */
-
- /**
- * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
- * @retval None
- */
- void Error_Handler(void)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
- __disable_irq();
- while (1)
- {
- }
- /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
- }
-
- #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
- /**
- * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
- * where the assert_param error has occurred.
- * @param file: pointer to the source file name
- * @param line: assert_param error line source number
- * @retval None
- */
- void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
- {
- /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
- /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
- ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
- /* USER CODE END 6 */
- }
- #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
HAL_UART_Transmit
先尝试一下简单的串口发送数据,就只用这个函数就足够了,
- char msg[] = "Hello, world!";
- HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t*)msg, strlen(msg), 1000);
#include "string.h"
编译运行一下
下载到stm32里,打开串口助手,选择串口号还有波特率等参数(这个助手就叫串口调试助手,微软商店可以直接下载,没有的同学,我会在文章末尾放上网盘链接)
现象就是一直发送Hello World
这是直接使用串口发送数据,并没有用到中断
进去后一直往下翻,找串口接受的回调函数
- __weak void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
- {
- /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
- UNUSED(huart);
- /* NOTE: This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
- the HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback could be implemented in the user file
- */
- }
回到main函数里
- void HAL_UART_RxCpltCallback(UART_HandleTypeDef *huart)
- {
- if (huart->Instance == USART1) // ???????????? USART1
- {
- if (rx_data[0] == '0') // ??????????? 0
- {
- HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t*)tx_data2, strlen(tx_data2)); // ?????
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_SET);
- }
- if (rx_data[0] == '1') // ??????????? 0
- {
- HAL_UART_Transmit_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t*)tx_data3, strlen(tx_data3)); // ?????
- HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_0,GPIO_PIN_RESET);
- }
- HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, (uint8_t*)rx_data, sizeof(rx_data)); // ???? UART ????
- }
- }
HAL_UART_Receive_IT(&huart1, rx_data, 1);
最终现象
stm32串口中断
工程文件及串口助手(推荐使用串口调试助手)
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1fQBR2Nd7U73QelpHmMcSHw?pwd=4qru
提取码:4qru
--来自百度网盘超级会员V1的分享
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