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最近在学习web项目的前后端分离,正好在做Android的大作业,于是想尝试做一下Android的前后端分离实验。虽然功能很简单,但也花了不少时间调试,特在此记录。
- 首先用SpringBoot技术搭建一个后端项目,用来操作一些数据
- 创建一个Android项目,通过简单的获取后端数据库中的值来测试前后端数据的交互。
- IntelliJ IDEA 2021.1.1 (Ultimate Edition)
- Android Studio 4.2.1
- Navicat Premium 15.0.19
- JDK1.8
- MySQL 8.0
- Gradle Plugin Version: 4.2.1
- okhttp 3.10.0
- 调试环境:Android 9、Android 10 华为的安卓机
注意在编写程序过程中,一定要注意注解的导入,如
@Service
,@RestController
等,否则会导致项目无法运行。
①新建Spring Initializr项目
点击Next
选择需要的依赖,先选择如图的三个依赖(注:这里不选也行,可在项目中的pom.xml
文件中添加依赖)
创建完成后的项目是这样的
②在pom.xml
文件中导入依赖。在前面创建时如果已勾选可跳过此步
<dependencies> <!-- jdbc数据连接--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 引入mysql驱动包--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.example.springboot</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-jdbc</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
③配置数据库驱动和相关参数
在application.properties
文件中配置数据库相关参数
spring.datasource.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456
注意:很多数据库连接不上都是这里的 驱动 或者 url格式 不正确,这里我的配置不一定适合所有人的环境,注意甄别
④编写业务程序
创建一张表
插入测试数据
项目结构
在entity中编写实体类User
package com.example.demo.entity; /** * @date 2021/5/21 9:01 */ public class User { private int id; private String username; private String password; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + '}'; } }
编写数据访问层Dao层
package com.example.demo.dao; import com.example.demo.entity.User; /** * @date 2021/5/21 9:21 */ public interface UserDao { /**增**/ int insert(User user); /**删**/ int deleteById(Integer id); /**改**/ int update(User user); /**查**/ User getById(Integer id); /**登录**/ User login(String username, String password); }
Dao的实现(对数据表的操作)
package com.example.demo.dao.impl; import com.example.demo.dao.UserDao; import com.example.demo.entity.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; /** * @date 2021/5/21 9:26 */ @Repository public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao { @Autowired private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate; @Override public int insert(User user) { String sql = "insert into t_user(id,username,password) values(?,?,?)"; return this.jdbcTemplate.update( sql, user.getId(), user.getUsername(), user.getPassword() ); } @Override public int deleteById(Integer id) { String sql = "delete from t_user where id = ?"; return this.jdbcTemplate.update(sql, id); } @Override public int update(User user) { String sql = "update t_user set password = ? where id = ?"; return this.jdbcTemplate.update( sql, user.getPassword(), user.getId() ); } @Override public User getById(Integer id) { String sql = "select * from t_user where id = ?"; return this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, new RowMapper<User>() { @Override public User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException { User user = new User(); user.setId(resultSet.getInt("id")); user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username")); user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password")); return user; } }, id); } @Override public User login(String username, String password) { String sql = "select * from t_user where username=? and password=?"; return this.jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, (resultSet, i) -> { User user = new User(); user.setId(resultSet.getInt("id")); user.setUsername(resultSet.getString("username")); user.setPassword(resultSet.getString("password")); return user; }, username,password); } }
编写服务层
package com.example.demo.service; import com.example.demo.entity.User; /** * @date 2021/5/21 12:12 */ public interface UserService { int insert(User user); int deleteById(Integer id); int update(User user); User getById(Integer id); User login(String username, String password); }
服务层实现,将一个或多个Dao封装成一个服务
package com.example.demo.service.impl; import com.example.demo.dao.UserDao; import com.example.demo.entity.User; import com.example.demo.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @date 2021/5/21 12:13 */ @Service public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService { @Autowired private UserDao userDao; @Override public int insert(User user) { return userDao.insert(user); } @Override public int deleteById(Integer id) { return userDao.deleteById(id); } @Override public int update(User user) { return userDao.update(user); } @Override public User getById(Integer id) { return userDao.getById(id); } @Override public User login(String username, String password) { return userDao.login(username, password); } }
Controller层负责请求转发
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.entity.User; import com.example.demo.service.UserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.Random; /** * @author wangrui * @date 2021/5/21 12:21 */ @RestController @RequestMapping("/user") public class UserController { @Autowired private UserService userService; @RequestMapping("/save") @ResponseBody public User save() { User user = new User(); int id = new Random().nextInt(10000); user.setId(id); user.setUsername("张三" + id); user.setPassword("zhangsan" + id); int result = this.userService.insert(user); System.out.println(result); return user; } @RequestMapping("/deleteById") public void deleteById(Integer id) { int result = this.userService.deleteById(id); System.out.println(result); } @RequestMapping("/update") public void update() { User user = new User(); user.setId(1); user.setPassword("test123"); this.userService.update(user); } @RequestMapping("/getById") @ResponseBody public User getById(Integer id) { User user = this.userService.getById(id); System.out.println(user.getUsername()); return user; } @RequestMapping("/login") @ResponseBody public User login(String username, String password){ User user = this.userService.login(username, password); System.out.println(user.toString()); return user; } }
点击运行,当出现端口号8080(默认)时表示后台部署成功
测试:
在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/user/getById?id=1005
,查看返回值
到此后台搭建成功。
注意:这里只进行简单的前后端信息交互功能测试,没有复杂的业务实现
①新建安卓项目
在build.gradle(:app)
文件中导入okhttp3依赖包
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.10.0'
②编写布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:id="@+id/tv_username" android:text="用户名:"/> <EditText android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/tv_username" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/edit_username" android:layout_centerVertical="true"/> </RelativeLayout> <RelativeLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="40dp"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:id="@+id/pwd" android:text="密码:"/> <EditText android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/pwd" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/edit_pwd" android:layout_centerVertical="true"/> </RelativeLayout> <Button android:id="@+id/btn_login" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="登录"/> </LinearLayout>
③编写网络请求工具类
package com.example.demo01.utils; import okhttp3.MediaType; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; import okhttp3.RequestBody; /** * Post请求 */ public class HttpPostRequest { private static final MediaType JSON = MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8"); public static void okhttpPost(String url, RequestBody requestBody, okhttp3.Callback callback) { OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .url(url) .post(requestBody) .build(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback); } }
package com.example.demo01.utils; import okhttp3.OkHttpClient; import okhttp3.Request; /** * Get请求 */ public class HttpGetRequest { public static void sendOkHttpGetRequest(String address,okhttp3.Callback callback){ OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient(); Request request = new Request.Builder() .get() .url(address) .build(); client.newCall(request).enqueue(callback); } }
此时的项目结构
④查看当前计算机的ip地址
Win+R
->输入cmd
->回车->输入ipconfig -all
④编写主活动MainActivity.java
package com.example.demo01; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Looper; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast; import com.example.demo01.utils.HttpPostRequest; import java.io.IOException; import okhttp3.Call; import okhttp3.Callback; import okhttp3.FormBody; import okhttp3.RequestBody; import okhttp3.Response; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private EditText et_username; private EditText et_password; private Button btn_login; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); initView(); } private void initView() { //绑定控件 et_username = findViewById(R.id.edit_username); et_password = findViewById(R.id.edit_pwd); btn_login = findViewById(R.id.btn_login); //为登录按钮设置点击事件 btn_login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { String url = "http://加上刚才复制的ip地址:8080/user/lgoin"; //请求传入的参数 RequestBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder() .add("username", et_username.getText().toString()) .add("password", et_password.getText().toString()) .build(); HttpPostRequest.okhttpPost(url, requestBody, new Callback() { @Override public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) { Looper.prepare(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "post请求失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Looper.loop(); } @Override public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException { Looper.prepare(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "成功,用户名为:" + et_username.getText().toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); Looper.loop(); } }); } }); } }
测试:
在使用Android 9及以上手机调试时需要配置一个文件
在res
文件夹下新建xml
文件夹,并新建文件network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
并在清单文件中引用:
AndroidManifest.xml
文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.demo01"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/Theme.Demo01"> <uses-library android:name="org.apache.http.legacy" android:required="false"/> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
通过连接Android手机进行真机测试
注意:测试时一定要选择网络稳定的环境进行,否则很容易导致请求失败!!
并且用于测试的手机应和计算机在同一局域网内。
此时,可以查看后台的打印数据
最后:
再着重强调,网络很重要!!!
我在调试的时候用的是学校的校园网,一直请求失败,用寝室的局域网,直接请求成功!
该实验大概内容就是这些,希望能对后续学习有所帮助。
大佬轻拍,谢谢!●^●
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