MongoDB在windows系统的安装配置详解以及基本操作，一篇学会MongoDB从入门到全会_windows mongodb服务配置内存

1.数据库的种类

种类

• 关系型：oracle、mysql、sqlite、sqlServer等
• 非关系型（Not Only SQL）：MongoDB（文档）、Redis、Memcache（内存）

关系型和非关系型数据库软件区别

相同点：

• 都是数据库软件，用于存放项目数据

不同点：

• 关系型：
  • 遵循sql标准，换句话说语法大同小异
  • 有库和表约束等
• 非关系型：
  • 没有统一标准
  • 一般键值对形式存储
  • 读取速度更快

2.MongoDB

MongoDB简介

MongoDB是什么

MongoDB是一个基于分布式文件存储的数据库，由c++语言编写，旨在为WEB应用提供可拓展的高性能数据存储解决方案。
MongoDB是一个介于关系型数据库和非关系型数据库之间的产品，是非关系数据库当中功能最丰富，最像关系型数据库的。

• 基于分布式文件存储数据库（就是一个数据库）
• C++语言编写
• 支持的数据类型非常松散，是类似json的bson格式（后期插入修改数据写json）
  解释：

json示例
{id:1,name:张三,age=20}
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MongoDB功能

• 存放项目数据
• 实战开发写API接口（重要）
• 等等

3.下载安装MongoDB

下载

• MongoDB安装网址官网
• 选择社区版下载网址
• 点击最新版本，选择压缩包形式，开始下载

解压、创建包

• 一定要强调的，不要解压到中文目录名下否则可能会报错！！！（作者踩雷）
• 下载好之后解压
• 创建几个包在解压后的目录下（与bin目录同级）
  • bak（用于备份）
  • log（日志）
  • data（数据）

如图

创建服务

• 以管理员身份运行cmd窗口，切换路径至bin目录下

• 运行命令mongod --install --dbpath D:\mongoDB\zip\mongodb-windows-x86_64-4.4.6\mongodb-windows-4.4.6\data --logpath D:\mongoDB\zip\mongodb-windows-x86_64-4.4.6\mongodb-windows-4.4.6\log\mongodb.log
  解释下：
  --dbpath D:\mongoDB\zip\mongodb-windows-x86_64-4.4.6\mongodb-windows-4.4.6\data是指你的数据存放的路径，是上一步我们创建的包data的路径
  --logpath D:\mongoDB\zip\mongodb-windows-x86_64-4.4.6\mongodb-windows-4.4.6\log\mongodb.log是日志包的路径加上日志文件（自己命名一个，不用创建）

• 回车，没有cmd任何输出

• 去此电脑右键->管理->服务和应用程序->服务

• 找到mongoDB服务
  如图

• 执行net start mongodb
• 看到

MongoDB 服务正在启动 .
MongoDB 服务已经启动成功。
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• 就是安装配置成功了

作者亲身踩雷解决

那么如果不成功怎么办？
举一个作者踩雷的例子

我把mongodb解压到中文的路径下了，在管理的服务中看到mongodb服务的属性下的可执行路径有中文乱码，然后执行net start
mongodb，报找不到可执行文件的错误（好像是这个记不清了）

如何解决

• 果断切换cmd至bin目录下，运行mongod.exe --remove --serviceName "MongoDB"，删除掉这个服务（前提cmd是管理员身份打开）
• 然后重新解压一个mongodb文件夹至一个没有中文的目录，然后就是之前的操作了（创建包、开启服务）

4.MongoDB的基本操作

基本概念

• 生活中：仓库、架子、物品
• 计算机：数据库（database）、集合（collection）、数据/文档（document）

进入数据库
bin目录下开启服务(net start mongodb)后，输入mongo进入数据库

查看数据库

• show databases（详写）

> show databases
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
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• show dbs（简写）

> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
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选择数据库以及创建数据库

选择数据库

• user 数据库名

> use admin
switched to db admin
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创建数据库（隐式创建）

• user 数据库名

> use qq
switched to db qq
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但是为什么show dbs看不到这个qq数据库呢？
因为虽然qq数据库已经创建了，但是qq数据库是空的，所以看不到，后面只要插入一点数据，就能看到了。

查看集合

这里的集合类似于关系型数据库的表

• show collections

> show collections
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创建集合

• db.createCollection("集合名")

> db.createCollection('c1')
{ "ok" : 1 }
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此时我们再次查看数据库时，发现qq数据库已经存在了

> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
qq      0.000GB
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同样查询qq数据库的集合也能查到集合了

> show collections
c1
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删除集合

• db.集合名.drop()

> db.c1.drop()
true
> show collections
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删除数据库

• 选择数据库 use 数据库名
• 执行删除 db.dropDatabase()

> use qq
switched to db qq
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "qq", "ok" : 1 }
> show databases
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
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5.MongoDB文档增删改查（CURD）

明确需求

数据库主要用来存放项目数据
我们已经学会了数据库和集合的创建
思考：如何实现集合中数据的增删改查呢？
回答：通过MongoDB语法即可

C增（Create）

单条插入

• 语法：db.集合名.insert(json数据)
• 说明：集合存在，则直接插入数据，集合不存在，则隐式创建

实例

> use qq
switched to db qq
> show collections
> db.users.insert({name:"zhangsan",age:20})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
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小贴士：

1.数据库和集合不存在就隐式创建
2.对象的键统一不加引号方便查看，但是在查看集合数据时系统会自动添加
3.mongodb会给每条数据增加一个全球唯一的_id键，当然这个键你是可以在添加时，写这个的，但是实战极其不推荐！！！
举个例子
db.users.insert({_id:123,name:“lisi”,age:21})
WriteResult({ “nInserted” : 1 })
db.users.find()
{ “_id” : ObjectId(“60a3bd32e98e23691411768e”), “name” : “zhangsan”, “age” : 20 }
{ “_id” : 123, “name” : “lisi”, “age” : 21 }

多条插入

• 语法：db.集合名.insert([{},{},{}...])

实例

> db.users.insert([{name:"xiaoming",age:18},{name:"xiaogang",age:21},{name:"xiaohong",age:19}])
BulkWriteResult({
        "writeErrors" : [ ],
        "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
        "nInserted" : 3,
        "nUpserted" : 0,
        "nMatched" : 0,
        "nModified" : 0,
        "nRemoved" : 0,
        "upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3bd32e98e23691411768e"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e23691411768f"), "name" : "xiaoming", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117690"), "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117691"), "name" : "xiaohong", "age" : 19 }
>
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小拓展

> for(var i=1;i<=10;i++){
... print(i)
... }
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你明白了吗？？！！
意思就是说你可以循环插入多条数据

实例

> use qq
switched to db qq
> db.createCollection('c2')
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show collections
c2
users
> for(var i=1;i<=10;i++){
... db.c2.insert({uid:i,name:"aaa",age:18})
... }
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.c2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117692"), "uid" : 1, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117693"), "uid" : 2, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117694"), "uid" : 3, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117695"), "uid" : 4, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117696"), "uid" : 5, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117697"), "uid" : 6, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117698"), "uid" : 7, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117699"), "uid" : 8, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e23691411769a"), "uid" : 9, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e23691411769b"), "uid" : 10, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
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R查（Retrieve）

查询全部数据

• 语法：db.集合名.find()

实例

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3bd32e98e23691411768e"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 20 }
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查询全部数据，只看某一列

• 语法：db.集合名.find({},{要查看的列名:1})

实例

> db.users.find({},{name:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3bd32e98e23691411768e"), "name" : "zhangsan" }
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "lisi" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e23691411768f"), "name" : "xiaoming" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117690"), "name" : "xiaogang" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117691"), "name" : "xiaohong" }
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查询全部数据，除了某一列都看

• 语法：db.集合名.find({},{不看的列名:0})

实例

> db.users.find({},{name:0})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3bd32e98e23691411768e"), "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 123, "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e23691411768f"), "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117690"), "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117691"), "age" : 19 }
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查询年龄大于20岁的数据

• 语法： db.集合名.find({列名:{$gt:数}})

实例

> db.users.find({age:{$gt:20}})
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "lisi", "age" : 21 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c022e98e236914117690"), "name" : "xiaogang", "age" : 21 }
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运算符表格

实例

--查询全部数据

> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "a1", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "a2", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "a3", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "a4", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484820"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "a5", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484821"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "a6", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484822"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "a7", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484823"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "a8", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484824"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "a9", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484825"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "a10", "usex" : "男" }

--查询uid大于5的数据

> db.c2.find({uid:{$gt:5}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117697"), "uid" : 6, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117698"), "uid" : 7, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e236914117699"), "uid" : 8, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e23691411769a"), "uid" : 9, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a3c239e98e23691411769b"), "uid" : 10, "name" : "aaa", "age" : 18 }

--查询uid大于等于5的数据

> db.c3.find({uid:{$gte:5}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484820"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "a5", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484821"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "a6", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484822"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "a7", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484823"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "a8", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484824"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "a9", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484825"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "a10", "usex" : "男" }

--查询uid小于等于5的数据

> db.c3.find({uid:{$lte:5}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "a1", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "a2", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "a3", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "a4", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484820"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "a5", "usex" : "男" }

--查询 uid小于5的数据

> db.c3.find({uid:{$lt:5}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "a1", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "a2", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "a3", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "a4", "usex" : "男" }

-- 查询uid在[1,3，5]之中的数据

> db.c3.find({uid:{$in:[1,3,5]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "a1", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "a3", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484820"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "a5", "usex" : "男" }

-- 查询uid不在[1,3，5]之中的数据

> db.c3.find({uid:{$nin:[1,3,5]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "a2", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d48481f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "a4", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484821"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "a6", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484822"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "a7", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484823"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "a8", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484824"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "a9", "usex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4652c965f0a085d484825"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "a10", "usex" : "男" }
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U改（Update）

• 基础语法：db.集合名.update(条件，新数据[是否新增，是否修改多条])

解释小贴士：

是否新增：指条件匹配不带数据则插入（true是插入，false是不插入默认）
是否修改多条：指匹配成功的数据都修改（true是都修改，false是只修改单条数据默认）

修改器表格

开始实例讲解

准备工作

> show collections
> for(var i=1;i<=10;i++){
... db.c1.insert({uid:i,uname:"user"+i,age:10+i})
... }
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484827"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484828"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484829"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482c"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "user6", "age" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482d"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482e"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d48482f"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484830"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "age" : 20 }
>
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将uname为user1的数据修改为user20

• 你觉得是这个样子的，发现数据被替换了而不是被修改了

> db.c1.update({uname:"user1"},{uname:"user20"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484827"), "uname" : "user20" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484828"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12 }
-- 后面的数据不展示了
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• 解决：使用升级语法修改器
• 需求：将uname为user2的数据修改为user21

-- 之前的数据
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484828"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12 }
--执行修改
> db.c1.update({uname:"user2"},{$set:{uname:"user21"}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
-- 修改之后的数据
> db.c1.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484828"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user21", "age" : 12 }
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给uname为user3的数据的age加或者减3岁

-- 加年龄之前

{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484829"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13 }

-- 执行加两岁年龄

> db.c1.update({uname:"user3"},{$inc:{age:2}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

-- 加2岁年龄之后
> db.c1.find({uname:"user3"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484829"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 15 }

-- 执行减三岁年龄

> db.c1.update({uname:"user3"},{$inc:{age: -3}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

--执行减三岁年龄之后

{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a478e9965f0a085d484829"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 12 }
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修改器综合练习

• 准备工作

> db.c2.insert({uname:"张无忌",age:20,who:"男",other:"古代人"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.c2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a47d45965f0a085d484831"), "uname" : "张无忌", "age" : 20, "who" : "男", "other" : "古代人" }
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• 需求：uname改为唐三，age加上10岁，who字段名改为sex，other字段删除
• 代码实现

-- 执行修改
> db.c2.update({uname:"张无忌"},{
... $set:{uname:"唐三"},
... $inc:{age:20},
... $rename:{who:"sex"},
... $unset:{other:true}
... })
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

-- 修改结果

> db.c2.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a47d45965f0a085d484831"), "uname" : "唐三", "age" : 40, "sex" : "男" }
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验证语法的最后两个参数（了解）

• 准备工作

>  for(var i=1;i<=5;i++){
...  db.c3.insert({uid:i,uname:"user"+i,age:10+i,sex:"男"})
... }
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484837"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
>
>
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• 验证：是否新增true为是，false为否
• 业务需求：修改uname为user6的数据的年龄为20
• 代码实现

开始

• 不加参数默认false

> db.c3.update({uname:"user6"},{$set: {age:20}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484837"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
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• 加false参数

> db.c3.update({uname:"user6"},{$set: {age:20}},false)
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 0, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484837"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
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• 加true参数

> db.c3.update({uname:"user6"},{$set: {age:20}},true)
WriteResult({
        "nMatched" : 0,
        "nUpserted" : 1,
        "nModified" : 0,
        "_id" : ObjectId("60a4816b6314f27a324b7ad5")
})
> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484837"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4816b6314f27a324b7ad5"), "uname" : "user6", "age" : 20 }
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D删（delete）

• 语法：db.集合名.remove(条件[ ,是否删除一条])
• 注意：是否删除一条，true是，false否 默认

-- 先看下集合有哪些数据

> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484837"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "age" : 11, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4816b6314f27a324b7ad5"), "uname" : "user6", "age" : 20 }

只删除满足条件的第一条数据

> db.c3.remove({},true)
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })

--查看还剩那些数据

> db.c3.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484838"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "age" : 12, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d484839"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "age" : 13, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483a"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "age" : 14, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a480da965f0a085d48483b"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "age" : 15, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4816b6314f27a324b7ad5"), "uname" : "user6", "age" : 20 }

-- 删除满足条件的全部数据

> db.c3.remove({},false)
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 5 })

再次查询数据

> db.c3.find()
>
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排序

升降序

• 语法：db.集合名.find().sort(json数据)
• 说明：键-就是要排序的列/字段，值：1升序 -1降序

练习：年龄升序&降序

• 准备工作

> for(var i=1;i<=10;i++){
... db.c4.insert({uid:i,uname:"user"+i,sex:"男",age:10+i})
... }
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.c4.insert([{uid:11,uname:"user11",sex:"女",age:18},{uid:11,uname:"user12",sex:"女",age:18},
 {uid:13,uname:"user13",sex:"女",age:17}])
BulkWriteResult({
        "writeErrors" : [ ],
        "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
        "nInserted" : 3,
        "nUpserted" : 0,
        "nMatched" : 0,
        "nModified" : 0,
        "nRemoved" : 0,
        "upserted" : [ ]
})

> db.c4.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "sex" : "男", "age" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "sex" : "男", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "sex" : "男", "age" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "sex" : "男", "age" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484840"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "sex" : "男", "age" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484841"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "user6", "sex" : "男", "age" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484842"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "sex" : "男", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484845"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bcc4965f0a085d484846"), "uid" : 12, "uname" : "user11", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484847"), "uid" : 11, "uname" : "user12", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484848"), "uid" : 13, "uname" : "user13", "sex" : "女", "age" : 17 }
>
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根据年龄降序和升序

-- 降序

> db.c4.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484845"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bcc4965f0a085d484846"), "uid" : 11, "uname" : "user11", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484847"), "uid" : 12, "uname" : "user12", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484842"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "sex" : "男", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484848"), "uid" : 13, "uname" : "user13", "sex" : "女", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484841"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "user6", "sex" : "男", "age" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484840"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "sex" : "男", "age" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "sex" : "男", "age" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "sex" : "男", "age" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "sex" : "男", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "sex" : "男", "age" : 11 }

-- 升序

> db.c4.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "sex" : "男", "age" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "sex" : "男", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "sex" : "男", "age" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "sex" : "男", "age" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484840"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "sex" : "男", "age" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484841"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "user6", "sex" : "男", "age" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484842"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "sex" : "男", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484848"), "uid" : 13, "uname" : "user13", "sex" : "女", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bcc4965f0a085d484846"), "uid" : 11, "uname" : "user11", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484847"), "uid" : 12, "uname" : "user12", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484845"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20 }
>
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Limit与Skip方法

• 语法：db.集合名.find().sort().skip(数字).limit(数字)
• 说明: skip跳过指定数量（可选），limit限制查询数量

练习：

• 降序查询两条

> db.c4.find().sort({age:-1}).skip(0).limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484845"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
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• 降序跳过两条并查询两条

> db.c4.find().sort({age:-1}).skip(2).limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bcc4965f0a085d484846"), "uid" : 11, "uname" : "user11", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
>
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实战分页

• 需求：实现每页显示3条数据
• 语法：db.集合名.find().skip((当前页-1)*每页条数).limit(每页显示的条数)

实例

-- 第一页的数据

> db.c4.find().skip((1-1)*3).limit(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "sex" : "男", "age" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "sex" : "男", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "sex" : "男", "age" : 13 }

-- 第三页的数据

> db.c4.find().skip((3-1)*3).limit(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484842"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "sex" : "男", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
>
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MongoDB的聚合函数

• 语法：db.集合名称.aggregate( [ {管道:{表达式}}... ] )
• 常用管道

• 常用表达式

实例

• 准备工作

> db.c4.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483c"), "uid" : 1, "uname" : "user1", "sex" : "男", "age" : 11 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483d"), "uid" : 2, "uname" : "user2", "sex" : "男", "age" : 12 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483e"), "uid" : 3, "uname" : "user3", "sex" : "男", "age" : 13 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d48483f"), "uid" : 4, "uname" : "user4", "sex" : "男", "age" : 14 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484840"), "uid" : 5, "uname" : "user5", "sex" : "男", "age" : 15 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484841"), "uid" : 6, "uname" : "user6", "sex" : "男", "age" : 16 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484842"), "uid" : 7, "uname" : "user7", "sex" : "男", "age" : 17 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484843"), "uid" : 8, "uname" : "user8", "sex" : "男", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484844"), "uid" : 9, "uname" : "user9", "sex" : "男", "age" : 19 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bc6e965f0a085d484845"), "uid" : 10, "uname" : "user10", "sex" : "男", "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bcc4965f0a085d484846"), "uid" : 11, "uname" : "user11", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484847"), "uid" : 12, "uname" : "user12", "sex" : "女", "age" : 18 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4bd1e965f0a085d484848"), "uid" : 13, "uname" : "user13", "sex" : "女", "age" : 17 }
>
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• 需求：统计男生、女生的总年龄

> db.c4.aggregate([
...  {
...  $group:{
...  _id:"$sex",
...  rs:{$sum:"$age"}
...  }
...  }
... ])
{ "_id" : "男", "rs" : 155 }
{ "_id" : "女", "rs" : 53 }
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• 需求：统计男生、女生的总人数

> db.c4.aggregate([
...  {
...  $group:{
...  _id:"$sex",
...  rs:{$sum:1}
...  }
...  }
... ])
{ "_id" : "男", "rs" : 10 }
{ "_id" : "女", "rs" : 3 }
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• 查询男生、女生人数，按人数数量降序降序

-- 降序

> db.c4.aggregate([
...  {
...  $group:{
...  _id:"$sex",
...  rs:{$sum:1}
...  }
...  },
...  {$sort:{
...  rs:-1
...  }
...  }
... ])
{ "_id" : "男", "rs" : 10 }
{ "_id" : "女", "rs" : 3 }

-- 升序

> db.c4.aggregate([
...  {
...  $group:{
...  _id:"$sex",
...  rs:{$sum:1}
...  }
...  },
...  {$sort:{
...  rs:1
...  }
...  }
... ])
{ "_id" : "女", "rs" : 3 }
{ "_id" : "男", "rs" : 10 }
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