C#跨进程通信全方位指南：深入实践命名管道、WCF与gRPC_wcf 与 grpc

一、命名管道（Named Pipes）

1. 服务器端

Csharp

using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
public class NamedPipeServer
{
    private NamedPipeServerStream _pipeServer;
 
    public async Task StartServer(string pipeName)
    {
        _pipeServer = new NamedPipeServerStream(pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut, 1, PipeTransmissionMode.Byte, PipeOptions.Asynchronous);
 
        await _pipeServer.WaitForConnectionAsync();
 
        Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");
 
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead;
 
        while ((bytesRead = await _pipeServer.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) != 0)
        {
            string message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
            Console.WriteLine($"Received from client: {message}");
 
            // Respond to the client
            string response = $"Echo: {message}";
            byte[] responseBuffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(response);
            await _pipeServer.WriteAsync(responseBuffer, 0, responseBuffer.Length);
        }
 
        Console.WriteLine("Client disconnected.");
    }
}

注释：创建NamedPipeServer类，使用NamedPipeServerStream创建命名管道服务器，等待客户端连接。当接收到客户端消息时，打印并回传消息。

2. 客户端

Csharp

using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
 
public class NamedPipeClient
{
    public async Task Send(string pipeName, string message)
    {
        using NamedPipeClientStream pipeClient = new NamedPipeClientStream(".", pipeName, PipeDirection.InOut, PipeOptions.None);
 
        await pipeClient.ConnectAsync();
 
        Console.WriteLine("Connected to server.");
 
        byte[] messageBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
        await pipeClient.WriteAsync(messageBytes, 0, messageBytes.Length);
 
        Console.WriteLine("Message sent.");
 
        // Read server's response
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int bytesRead = await pipeClient.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
        string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
        Console.WriteLine($"Received from server: {response}");
    }
}

注释：创建NamedPipeClient类，使用NamedPipeClientStream创建命名管道客户端，连接到服务器并发送消息。随后读取并打印服务器的响应。

二、Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)

1. 服务端

Csharp

using System.ServiceModel;
 
[ServiceContract]
public interface ICommunicationService
{
    [OperationContract]
    string Echo(string message);
}
 
public class CommunicationService : ICommunicationService
{
    public string Echo(string message)
    {
        return $"Echo: {message}";
    }
}
 
public class WcfServer
{
    public void StartService(string baseAddress)
    {
        ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof(CommunicationService), new Uri(baseAddress));
        host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof(ICommunicationService), new NetNamedPipeBinding(), "Pipe");
        host.Open();
 
        Console.WriteLine("WCF service started.");
    }
}

注释：定义ICommunicationService接口和CommunicationService实现，使用WCF创建ServiceHost，绑定到命名管道并启动服务。

2. 客户端

Csharp

using System.ServiceModel;
 
public class WcfClient
{
    public string CallService(string baseAddress, string message)
    {
        ChannelFactory<ICommunicationService> factory = new ChannelFactory<ICommunicationService>(new NetNamedPipeBinding(), new EndpointAddress(baseAddress + "/Pipe"));
        ICommunicationService serviceProxy = factory.CreateChannel();
 
        string response = serviceProxy.Echo(message);
 
        ((IClientChannel)serviceProxy).Close();
        factory.Close();
 
        return response;
    }
}

注释：创建WcfClient类，使用ChannelFactory创建服务代理，调用Echo方法并返回响应。最后关闭通道和工厂。

三、gRPC

1. 定义服务（.proto文件）

Protobuf

syntax = "proto3";
 
package GrpcDemo;
 
service CommunicationService {
  rpc Echo (EchoRequest) returns (EchoResponse);
}
 
message EchoRequest {
  string message = 1;
}
 
message EchoResponse {
  string response = 1;
}

注释：定义gRPC服务接口CommunicationService，包含一个Echo方法，以及请求(EchoRequest)和响应(EchoResponse)消息类型。

2. 服务端

Csharp

using Grpc.Core;
using GrpcDemo;
 
public class GrpcServer
{
    public void StartServer(int port)
    {
        Server server = new Server
        {
            Services = { CommunicationService.BindService(new CommunicationServiceImpl()) },
            Ports = { new ServerPort("localhost", port, ServerCredentials.Insecure) }
        };
 
        server.Start();
 
        Console.WriteLine($"gRPC server started on port {port}.");
    }
}
 
public class CommunicationServiceImpl : CommunicationService.CommunicationServiceBase
{
    public override Task<EchoResponse> Echo(EchoRequest request, ServerCallContext context)
    {
        return Task.FromResult(new EchoResponse { Response = $"Echo: {request.Message}" });
    }
}

注释：创建GrpcServer类，使用gRPC库创建Server实例，绑定CommunicationServiceImpl到CommunicationService接口，并启动服务。

3. 客户端

Csharp

using Grpc.Core;
using GrpcDemo;
 
public class GrpcClient
{
    public async Task<string> CallService(string host, int port, string message)
    {
        Channel channel = new Channel(host, port, ChannelCredentials.Insecure);
        CommunicationService.CommunicationServiceClient client = new CommunicationService.CommunicationServiceClient(channel);
 
        EchoResponse response = await client.EchoAsync(new EchoRequest { Message = message });
 
        await channel.ShutdownAsync();
 
        return response.Response;
    }
}

注释：创建GrpcClient类，使用gRPC库创建Channel和客户端代理，调用EchoAsync方法并返回响应。最后关闭通道。

四、总结

本文从零开始，详细介绍了如何在C#中使用命名管道、WCF与gRPC实现跨进程通信。对于每种技术，我们都提供了完整的服务器端和客户端代码示例，并配以详尽的注释，解释了代码的工作原理和使用场景。通过这些内容，您应已全面理解如何在C#中使用这三种技术进行跨进程通信，并掌握了它们各自的特点和适用场景。结合文中提供的代码示例与注释，您可以根据项目需求选择合适的技术进行跨进程通信，并为进一步提升跨进程通信的性能与安全性打下坚实基础。

五、进阶话题

• 命名管道高级特性：如安全属性设置、异步读写、超时处理等。
• WCF高级特性：如配置文件、安全性、事务支持、可靠会话等。
• gRPC高级特性：如流式传输、双向流、错误处理、TLS加密等。
• 跨进程通信性能对比：对比不同技术在吞吐量、延迟、资源消耗等方面的性能差异