小桥流水78

这个屌丝很懒，什么也没留下！

热门标签

CentOS7安装Mysql完整步骤_mysql centos7

作者：小桥流水78 | 2024-07-23 03:43:08

踩

mysql centos7

在CentOS中默认安装有MariaDB，是MySQL的一个分支，主要由开源社区维护。
CentOS 7及以上版本已经不再使用MySQL数据库，而是使用MariaDB数据库。
如果直接安装MySQL，会和MariaDB的文件冲突。
因此，需要先卸载自带的MariaDB，再安装MySQL。

1.检查是否已经安装过MySQL


[root@icoolkj soft]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
[root@icoolkj soft]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@icoolkj soft]#

2.卸载MariaDB，并检查是否卸载干净


[root@icoolkj soft]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64
[root@icoolkj soft]#  rpm -qa | grep mariadb
[root@icoolkj soft]#

3.查找遗留mysql文件进行删除


[root@icoolkj soft]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
/usr/lib64/mysql
[root@icoolkj soft]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
[root@icoolkj soft]# rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
[root@icoolkj soft]# find / -name mysql
[root@icoolkj soft]#

4.MySQL官网下载地址，下载所需版本的安装包

MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server

5. 解压文件，并重命名


## .tar.gz后缀：tar -zxvf 文件名
## .tar.xz后缀：tar -Jxvf 文件名
 
[root@icoolkj data]# ll
total 590704
drwx------. 2 root root     16384 Nov 18 11:31 lost+found
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 604856088 Nov 19 20:31 mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Nov 18 11:41 soft
[root@icoolkj data]# tar -Jxvf mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
 
## 重命名
[root@icoolkj data]# mv mysql-8.0.31-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  mysql8
[root@icoolkj data]# ll
total 24
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Nov 18 11:31 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root  4096 Nov 19 20:41 mysql8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  4096 Nov 19 20:42 soft
[root@icoolkj data]#

6.创建用户组和用户


## 创建用户组groupadd：mysql  
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# groupadd mysql
## 创建系统用户useradd：mysql，指定用户组为 mysql
## -r：创建系统用户
## -g：指定用户组
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@icoolkj mysql8]#

7.创建数据目录，并授权


[root@icoolkj mysql8]# ll
total 316
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 bin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415 287627 Sep 14 00:15 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 man
-rw-r--r--.  1 7161 31415    666 Sep 14 00:15 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2 7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 support-files
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# mkdir datas
## 更改属主和数组
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql8/datas
## 更改模式
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# chmod -R 750 /data/mysql8/datas
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# ll
total 320
drwxr-xr-x.  2  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 bin
drwxr-x---.  2 mysql mysql   4096 Nov 19 21:08 datas
drwxr-xr-x.  2  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 docs
drwxr-xr-x.  3  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 include
drwxr-xr-x.  6  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 lib
-rw-r--r--.  1  7161 31415 287627 Sep 14 00:15 LICENSE
drwxr-xr-x.  4  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 man
-rw-r--r--.  1  7161 31415    666 Sep 14 00:15 README
drwxr-xr-x. 28  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 share
drwxr-xr-x.  2  7161 31415   4096 Sep 14 04:08 support-files
[root@icoolkj mysql8]#

8.配置参数

在/data/mysql8/下，创建my.cnf配置文件，用于初始化MySQL数据库。


# 添加配置文件
[root@icoolkj mysql8]# vi my.cnf 
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
 
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
#use=mysql
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
 
# 安装目录
basedir=/data/mysql8
 
# 数据存放目录
datadir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql
log-bin=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql
 
# 日志及进程数据的存放目录
log-error=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.pid
 
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character_set_server=utf8mb4
 
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
 
 
[root@icoolkj mysql8]#

9.初始化


#  进入MySQL的bin路径下
[root@icoolkj bin]# pwd
/data/mysql8/bin
# 初始化
[root@icoolkj bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql8/my.cnf --basedir=/data/mysql8/ --datadir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql --user=mysql --initialize-insecure
[root@icoolkj bin]# 
 
## 参数（重要）
# defaults-file：指定配置文件（要放在–initialize 前面）
# user： 指定用户
# basedir：指定安装目录
# datadir：指定初始化数据目录
# intialize-insecure：初始化无密码
 
 
## 查看mysql数据目录下情况
[root@icoolkj bin]# cd /data/mysql8/datas/
[root@icoolkj datas]# ll
total 12
drwxr-x---. 7 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 19 22:02 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  180 Nov 19 22:02 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   36 Nov 19 22:02 mysql-bin.index
[root@icoolkj datas]# cd mysql
[root@icoolkj mysql]# ll
total 78280
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql       56 Nov 19 22:02 auto.cnf
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 Nov 19 22:02 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 Nov 19 22:02 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 Nov 19 22:02 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 Nov 19 22:02 client-key.pem
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql   196608 Nov 19 22:02 #ib_16384_0.dblwr
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql  8585216 Nov 19 22:02 #ib_16384_1.dblwr
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql     5554 Nov 19 22:02 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Nov 19 22:02 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 22:02 #innodb_redo
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 22:02 #innodb_temp
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 22:02 mysql
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 25165824 Nov 19 22:02 mysql.ibd
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql      986 Nov 19 22:02 mysql.log
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 22:02 performance_schema
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1680 Nov 19 22:02 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql      452 Nov 19 22:02 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql     1112 Nov 19 22:02 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql     1676 Nov 19 22:02 server-key.pem
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Nov 19 22:02 sys
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Nov 19 22:02 undo_001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 16777216 Nov 19 22:02 undo_002
[root@icoolkj mysql]#

10.启动mysql


[root@icoolkj bin]# cd /data/mysql8/bin/
## 通过 MySQL的 bin路径下 mysqld_safe，用于后台安全启动MySQL。
[root@icoolkj bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql8/my.cnf &
[1] 102020
[root@icoolkj bin]# 2022-11-19T14:09:31.569559Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log'.
2022-11-19T14:09:31.619918Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql8/datas/mysql
^C
## 查看是否启动
[root@icoolkj bin]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root     102020  94046  0 22:09 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql8/my.cnf
mysql    102254 102020  2 22:09 pts/1    00:00:01 /data/mysql8/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql8/my.cnf --basedir=/data/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql --plugin-dir=/data/mysql8/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log --pid-file=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     102349  94046  0 22:10 pts/1    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@icoolkj bin]#

11.登录mysql


## 无密码登录
[root@icoolkj bin]# ./mysql -u root --skip-password
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql>

12.设置root密码


## 修改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
## 刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
## 设置允许远程登录，到mysql里执行
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> update user set user.Host='%'where user.User='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@icoolkj bin]#

到此，mysql数据库就装好了，可以Navicat上测试连接。

13.设置mysql开机自启


## 1.将服务文件拷贝到/etc/init.d下，并重命名为mysqld
[root@icoolkj support-files]# pwd
/data/mysql8/support-files
[root@icoolkj support-files]# ll
total 20
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415  1061 Sep 14 00:15 mysqld_multi.server
-rw-r--r--. 1 7161 31415  2027 Sep 14 03:43 mysql-log-rotate
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 7161 31415 10576 Sep 14 03:43 mysql.server
[root@icoolkj support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
## 2.赋予mysql文件可执行权限
[root@icoolkj support-files]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
 
## 3.添加mysql服务
[root@icoolkj support-files]# chkconfig --add mysqld
 
## 4.查看服务列表
[root@icoolkj support-files]# chkconfig --list
 
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.
 
      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
 
ds_agent       	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
mysqld         	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
netconsole     	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:off	4:off	5:off	6:off
network        	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:on	5:on	6:off
[root@icoolkj support-files]#  
 
## 5.如果看到mysql的服务3,4,5都是on的话则成功，否则执行以下命令
[root@icoolkj support-files]# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
 
 
## 6.重启服务器
[root@icoolkj support-files]# reboot
 
## 7.重启以后查看进程，mysql是否自启成功
 
[root@icoolkj support-files]# ps -ef | grep mysql

14.mysql启动相关问题


## 问题1：mysql不能正常启动
[root@icoolkj support-files]# ./mysql.server start
./mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
./mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
[root@icoolkj support-files]# 
## 原因：启动时没找见(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)这个命令，目前安装路径不是默认的；
## 解决方式：配置my.cnf文件的basedir为当前的安装路径（mysql5.7某版本之后不提供my-default.cnf文件了，将建好的my.cnf文件拷贝到/etc下）
## 问题2：启动提示某些地址找不到
[root@icoolkj ~]# service mysql status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysql.service
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Sun 2022-11-20 09:14:50 CST; 1h 30min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 16330 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 52996 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Nov 20 09:14:50 icoolkj systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Nov 20 09:14:50 icoolkj mysqld[52996]: /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
Nov 20 09:14:50 icoolkj mysqld[52996]: /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld: line 259: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory
Nov 20 09:14:50 icoolkj mysqld[52996]: Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
Nov 20 09:14:50 icoolkj systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
[root@icoolkj  ~]# 
## 原因：因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。
## 解决方式：建立软连接
[root@icoolkj  ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@icoolkj local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Dec 26  2019 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root  6 Apr 11  2018 src
[root@icoolkj local]# mkdir mysql
[root@icoolkj local]# cd mysql
[root@icoolkj mysql]# ln -s /data/mysql8/bin/mysqld mysqld
[root@icoolkj mysql]# ll
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 23 Nov 20 10:59 mysqld -> /data/mysql8/bin/mysqld
[root@icoolkj mysql]# service mysql restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysql.service
[root@icoolkj mysql]# service mysql status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status mysql.service
● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2022-11-20 10:59:57 CST; 5s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 60070 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 60104 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─60121 /bin/sh /data/mysql8/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.pid
           └─60384 /data/mysql8/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/mysql8 --datadir=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql --plugin-dir=/data/mysql8/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql8/datas/mysql/mysql.log --pid-file=/da...
 
Nov 20 10:59:55 icoolkj systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL...
Nov 20 10:59:57 icoolkj mysqld[60104]: Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Nov 20 10:59:57 icoolkj systemd[1]: Started LSB: start and stop MySQL.
[root@icoolkj mysql]#

15.设置命令全局（将mysql添加到环境路径中）


 
## 设置命令全局（将mysql添加到环境路径中）
[root@icoolkj bin]# ln -s /data/mysql8/bin/mysql /usr/bin/
[root@icoolkj bin]#

16.mysql8密码重置


## 1.在配置文件关闭密码登陆
## 找到mysql配置文件：my.cnf
## [mysqld] 下 添加skip-grant-tables 保存退出
[root@icoolkj ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
[root@icoolkj ~]#  cat /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
skip-grant-tables
## 重启mysql服务： systemctl mysqld restart
[root@icoolkj ~]#  service mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
[root@icoolkj ~]# 
 
## 2.将原密码置空
[root@icoolkj ~]# mysql -u root;
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> update user set authentication_string="" where user = "root";
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> update user set authentication_string="" where user = "root";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 0  Warnings: 0
 
mysql> 
## exit/quit;(两者都是退出的意思，任选其一即可)
 
## 3.配置文件重新开启密码登陆
## 找到mysql配置文件： my.cnf
## 删除步骤1添加的 skip-grant-tables 保存退出
## 重启服务： service mysqld restart
 
## 4.进入mysql修改密码
[root@icoolkj ~]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.31 MySQL Community Server - GPL
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
 
mysql> quit;
Bye
[root@icoolkj ~]# 
 
 
## 使用密码登陆：mysql -u root -p;

声明：本文内容由网友自发贡献，不代表【wpsshop博客】立场，版权归原作者所有，本站不承担相应法律责任。如您发现有侵权的内容，请联系我们。转载请注明出处：https://www.wpsshop.cn/w/小桥流水78/article/detail/868050